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This paper aims to reveal the environmental impacts of cryptocurrencies, their macroeconomic relations, and their elements on crime. It is thought that the energy required for cryptocurrency mining causes more environmental pollution and damages the climate over time; the environmental footprint of cryptocurrencies may reach a dangerous point for the future of the world. It should be considered that different systems that require less energy during mining can be developed, and energy from renewable energy sources can be turned on for the crypto-mining system during hours when public energy consumption is low. In order to reduce the negative effects on economies, cryptocurrencies should be produced with an approach that can be audited, tax loss can be prevented and consumer/investor needs can be addressed. Due to the lack of effective legal regulation by states, cryptocurrencies can be used for money laundering, financing of drug-weapons-human trafficking and terrorist acts. For this reason, it is essential for all countries to quickly establish legal regulations on cryptocurrencies, prohibit black market transactions and regulate the global Bitcoin (BTC) audit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of GDP, trade openness, renewable energy, energy use, FDI, carbon emission, and oil prices on innovation for selected 11 oil-importing and 11 oil-exporting countries and to compare the results from both country groups to see the differences and similarities. For this purpose, we employ Poisson regression and negative binomial fixed effect techniques from 1990 to 2018. The empirical findings illustrate that all variables are significant except for renewable energy in oil-exporting countries. Trade openness and carbon emission have a significant and negative association with innovation, GDP, energy use, foreign direct investment, and oil price have a significant and positive relationship with innovation in oil-exporting countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy, which is a clean energy source and does not disrupt the natural balance, is today's one of the most popular renewable energy sources. In this paper, the factors which are utilized to determine a suitable site for wind farms have been analyzed by using the FUCOM (Full Consistency Method) method which is a relatively new subjective weighting method. FUCOM is a linear programming-based method and needs less pairwise comparisons than other weighting methods. The evaluation model in the study takes three main dimensions and twelve factors into consideration. The findings showed that the preference of a wind farm site depends largely on the wind potential and distance from residential areas. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to demonstrate the consistency and usefulness of the suggested method. The results of this study could be used to determine the wind energy policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels generally meet the energy demand of internal combustion engines. Due to the run out fossil fuels day by day, renewable energy sources catch the researchers' attentions. Biogas is a renewable alternative fuel produced from organic wastes. In this paper, the effect of diesel fuel amount on the exhaust emissions of the biogas-diesel dual fuel engine was investigated. Experiments were carried out on a four stroke, four cylinder, water cooled, turbocharged, common-rail diesel engine. No changes were made on original settings of electronic control unit of the engine. The energy demands of dual fuel engine were supplied by diesel fuel about 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. All tests were conducted at 1750 rpm constant speed, 40 Nm, 60 Nm and 80 Nm engine loads. Depending on increasing diesel fuel amount, HC, CO2 and NOx emissions decreased but soot emissions raised. The increase in the amount of biogas sent to the cylinders increased both the amount of fuel burned in the premixed combustion phase and the NOx emissions. The CO2 contained in the biogas increased HC and soot emissions by diluting the fuel-air mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage technologies (EST) will have an important position in combination of renewable energy sources (RES) in modern electrical power systems and smart grid. EST can provide more balancing and flexibility to the power system, providing incorporation of intermittent RES to the smart grid. Energy storage technologies have a critical function to provide ancillary services in the generation mode for smart grid. This paper gives a short overview of the current energy storage technologies and their applications available and the opportunities and challenges the power systems faces for successful integration of RES to smart grid. This paper also discusses different types of EST experimentally tested in smart grid environment such as electrochemical batteries and ultra-capacitor energy storage systems. This paper is concluded by giving some important experimental results, recommendations and suggestions to whom, which are studying on different energy storage applications including battery and ultra-capacitors in the smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking clues for sustainable energy future, this paper focuses on the social dimension of renewable energy developments. It aims to gain insight into this dimension and to clarify its significance. With this purpose, it reviews the general understandings, key assumptions and the different views in the relevant literature, on the basis of two main themes: local opposition and participation. While doing this, it adopts a view that renewable energy developments should be promoted without sacrificing the social pillar of sustainable development. In order to achieve socially acceptable solutions and transition to sustainable society, such a view points to a need for understanding social context of renewable energies and searching for more democratic and fair processes, and above all, a change in the dominant policy paradigms. The "what?" and "how?" questions in the context of our country necessitates further research on the social and policy dimensions of renewable energy. Since the subject has not been adequately addressed yet, this paper is considered to serve as a reference and to open up a new research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With parallel to industrial developments, for sustainability of modern life and duration of manufacturing activities, constancy of reliable energy is very important. This means, supplying of energy at required amount on demand. Thermal power plants and renewable energy sources, cannot respond fast and reliable to the fluctuating demand during the day. Because of this energy storage, is a necessary subject to focus on for countries. Pumped storage systems, which are the hydroelectric system that stores high amount of energy, are an important part of the reliable energy supply. This paper aims to introduce Pump Storage Systems and determine the need to pump storage systems. The comparison with the other storage systems, the types of pump storage systems and their comparison take place. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of pump storage systems, the situation of pump storage systems in the world and in Turkey are given. Finally, for construction of pump storage systems in Turkey, the importance of incentives and legislations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to detect and analyze the potential of the wind energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources of which the importance is being understood better day by day, by using ground and satellite observations. Therefore, it is argued if the data acquired based on satellite technologies can be used in this field in order to prevent the time loss and reduce the cost required in classical measuring methods. In the end of the study, it is inferred that ground observations are still needed, however, satellite data may be useful at the pre-analyze stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the popularity of the Electric Vehicles (EV) has increased more than ever. The "green" trend and the oil-dependent automotive industry's strong will to find alternative energy resources are taking a big part in bringing the EV projects to life. Most of the carmakers devote significant budgets for developing this technology which had been partially industrialized at the end of 19th century. However, there are still some difficulties to industrialize the EVs due to the unsatisfactory level of battery technology. Therefore, most of the studies concerning EVs are focused on the battery. In this paper, the Renault Fluence ZE's li-ion battery computer-based modelling and specifically the cell balancing development study has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent glass facade systems can adapt environmental conditions, use renewable energy sources, work as a filter between interior and exteriors and are sensible to nature. Curtain wall suggestions with different properties must be done for each different climate condition. The width of the cavity between facade layers of double skin intelligent facades affects heat transfer coefficient (u value). Facades with a high u value increases the heating load of a building in cold climates and also the cooling load of the bulding in hot climates. In this paper an attempt is made having for the determination of the effect of the variation of cavity width between facades having u value of a facade that is designed in İzmir. Calculations use medditerrian climate data inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]