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This paper aims at analyzing the content of Turkish Geography Discussion List (TGDL) which was an electronic e-mail list that functioned between 1997 and 2012 and completed an important mission as the medium of the diffusion of new geographic information and ideas. The TGDL was established by the author in the United States. Some 4000 e-mail messages were exchanged through the list and geographical ideas were discussed intensely for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to portray the historical mission of the List that is more evident today. For that purpose, the list archive was analyzed, the main discussion areas were categorized and a content analysis was performed to identify the cognitive dimension of the list. The results show that many topics, new concepts, ideas and terms in geography were heard for the first time by Turkish geographers through the list during the 15 year period. Members with overseas experience and young members talked more about theoretical, institutional, methodological and technological issues while the others took a more cautious position and talked more about representation, class hours in schools, and employability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares from a political economy perspective the financial crisis that broke out in Japan after 1991 and in the US during 2007-2009. Common features of both crises are the initial deregulation in the financial sector and the burst of the consequent asset price bubble. The institutional structure shaped by government interventions in Japan was unable to overcome the crisis and the subsequent long recession while the US government responded relatively quickly to the crisis. This paper comparatively evaluates the causes of the crises from the political economy perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent issue of Water International, three authors discuss their views of the virtual water metaphor that is used to describe the water embedded in crops that are traded in international markets. The term 'virtual water' was created originally to gain the attention of public officials responsible for choosing policies that influence water use in arid regions. Over time, both the terminology and the scope of the virtual water metaphor have been extended beyond the original purpose. This paper supports the view that the virtual water metaphor is helpful in encouraging public officials to consider the scarcity value (opportunity cost) of water when designing policies that influence water use. The paper proposes, also, that the policy relevance of the virtual water metaphor is found primarily in its application to issues regarding the supply of agricultural products, rather than demand. The distinction between supply and demand issues and the potential value of the virtual water metaphor in policy discussions regarding supply are demonstrated using three examples of water allocation decisions, described within the framework of economic optimization. The examples include wheat production in Saudi Arabia and the production of sudangrass and ethanol in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many theoretical and empirical researches have been written on the issue of crises often experienced by developing countries since the early 1990s. Moreover, the 2007 crisis started in the US has taken its place as a global crisis in the literature because of the most spreading crisis over the World since the 1929 Great Depression, and also experienced by a developed and powerful country. Crises have been predicted by advanced early warning systems according to movements in some macroeconomic variables. Unfortunately, that financial crisis mostly attached to speculative activities has complicated its prediction. In this paper, the relationship of twin deficits with crisis for the US and Turkey is analyzed by cointegration and granger causality tests along with computed speculative pressure index, in shed of the 2008 Global Crisis. Finally, it has been reached to uncertain results for Tukey while twin deficits is certainly effective for the US economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World arms trade volume did not exceed annually $30 billion in the 2000s while the U.S.-Saudi Arabia arms deal which was announced by the Obama administration and notified to Congress is $ 60 billion worth. The deal is a record not only for the arms trade history of the Middle East but for the world. In the Cold War era the U.S. made such a huge arms deal neither with the Bloc members nor with other allies. And in the post-Cold War era even the U.S. is the top arms supplier in world arms trade, it did not make an arms deal in this amount. The paper which analyzes the lying reasons and expectations in the background of this arms deal, also examines the regional effects of the deal. In this context, the study argues that with U.S.- Saudi arms deal, a new era has started in the armament of the Middle East. It also claims that the future of the regional stability depends on the prospective policies of the regional countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Middle East is a vast region where the United States poses great influence, and implements a transformation project based on her own rules. Fundamentals of this transformation project cover three sub-concepts, under the modernism framework, namely democracy, development, and intercultural dialog (or moderate Islam) respectively within the political, economic and cultural codes. Following the Iraq operation, which consists of bases for hard power use, democratization has presently been the primary ideological argument for Washington to pursue its hegemony in the Middle East. This article aims to question how much the US democratization efforts in the Middle East are realistic and feasible. In that scope, defining firstly today 's Islamic world and the picture in the Middle East, the paper conceptually focuses on the relationship between Islam and modernisation, and finally touches upon theoretical pillars and implementations of efforts to bring democracy to the Middle East led by the US and other Western countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to review the literature of International Accounting Education Journals. For this purpose, four journals devoted to accounting education named "Accounting Education: an international journal", "Global Perspectives on Accounting Education", "Journal of Accounting Education" and "Issues in Accounting Education" were reviewed between years 2000- 2008. A total of 610 articles were analyzed which were related with accounting education. The articles reviewed in the context of this study were evaluated according to quantity, content and authorship. When results were examined it was found out that more than half of the studies had the subject of "Curriculum and course contents" followed by "Teaching and teaching technologies" and "students". When authorship was considered, studies with two authors were dominant. The geographical affiliation of the authors was also examined and it was found out that authors from USA were the most contributing authors to accounting education literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the achievements and activities of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA) of the United States. IWRA has achieved considerable landmarks in the year 2005. The Association has leaped forward despite major water disasters in the world starting with South Asian Tsunami and the major damage of Hurricanes in the United States and the persistent drought in Africa. The Association has also completed the 12th World Water Congress in New Delhi, India. Around 500 participants from 50 countries attended the conference. They presented some 200 papers and key note addresses focusing on the contemporary water issues of the day. In this conference, the members of the Association added several special sessions to highlight specific regional water issues of interest to all the participants. It was a learning experience for all the participants. The occasion was accompanied by an excellent dose of cultural events and surrounded with traditional Indian hospitality. Apart from the New Delhi conference IWRA has sponsored and co-sponsored several events in the United States, Finland, Sweden, Italy, Egypt, China and elsewhere to strengthen the dialogue on water issues across the world.