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Social entrepreneurs mitigate the crisis effects by offering innovative solutions in situations where states and markets fail. This paper analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Turkey on social enterprises, their adaptation process, and their need for support. In this framework, a questionnaire is administered to Turkish social entrepreneurs. The findings are evaluated, taking into account the results of work done on social enterprises, commercial enterprises, and civil society organizations in Turkey and worldwide in close time intervals. Policy recommendations are developed to increase social enterprises' resilience. Research results suggest that the pandemic has negative economic, social, and operational effects on social enterprises like all other socio-economic actors. Main recommendations for policy makers include providing legitimacy (trust) to social enterprises, carrying out awareness and visibility activities, providing financial and non-financial support, and strengthening communication over networks. This paper contributes to the literature as it is the first study examining the initial impact of the crisis on social entrepreneurs in Turkey and forms the basis for observing the changes in crisis effects in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic and related possibilities of negative effects of gathering sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in the audit process and/or the material uncertainty related to going concern are believed to influence independent auditor's reports. Hence this paper analyzes modified opinions issued for firms listed in the BIST-100 in 2020. Among these reports, there are 16 qualified opinions but no disclaimer of opinion or an adverse opinion. A detailed examination of qualified opinions regarding the basis for the opinion and a content analysis of additional explanations provided, COVID-19 pandemic is not found as an important factor in the formation of a qualified opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), known as SARS-CoV-2 is not only an unprecedented health crisis but it is also expected to become one of the most costly pandemics affecting the global economy in recent history. Recent studies (Apergis and Apergis (2020), Baig vd. (2021), Rai ve Garg (2021), Mazur ve Vega (2021)) show that the contagious effect of the COVID-19 outbreak increases the volatility of financial markets. This paper aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the volatility of S&P 500 stock market returns using daily data over the period from January 21, 2020 to April 09, 2021. To this end, the volatility of stock returns is analyzed by using a GARCH-X model. The GARCH-X model allows us to include COVID-19 factor as an exogenous variable in the mean and conditional variance equations. The findings indicate that daily reported COVID-19 cases in the USA have statistically insignificant effect on stock returns in short-term. However, as the results indicate, the COVID-19 outbreak has a positive and statistically significant impact on the volatility of these stock returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic strikes the world as whole and have negative impacts in many ways and also caused to pause ongoing life all around globe as a disaster and crisis. Tourism feels the consequences of this crisis like almost all others. It is considered to be highly important to draw a rescue route for tourism industry after this disaster while it still feels the impact and while the path ahead is still blur. This paper aims to investigate specialists' views who work and study on tourism field as academic. The main focus of this paper is to determine how much damage tourism industry takes by this pandemic and how to recover from it. Both qualitative and quantitative analyzes are used in order to clarify findings of this research. According to findings, academics have significant worries about the future of tourism industry and also about the amount of damage that it will take. However, there are quite recommendations about recovering from it. This paper also aims to contribute to tourism enterprises, government decision makers about tourism and other researchers who might study about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of "sustainability" and "resilience" have become current issues with the emergence of problems such as industrialization, population growth, rapid consumption of resources, and the climate crisis in recent years. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic experience all over the world has also revealed that urban areas where people live extremely together must be planned and transformed in a sustainable and resilient manner. Urban regeneration projects are among the most frequently used tools in the reorganization of urban areas, renewal of aging urban structures. Also, urban regeneration projects are expected to make a significant contribution to designing more sustainable and resilient urban areas. However, in Turkey, it is observed that private property and urban rent issues can be a pressure factor in the re-planning of public and non-public areas in urban regeneration projects. For this reason, private property rights and limits should be determined accurately in urban regeneration projects and new urbanization models. In this paper, it is discussed how private property and urban rent can be handled in urban regeneration according to housing and population densities, what their limitations can be, and how they should be included in legal regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the pandemic that has affected the world, it is also important that healthcare professionals, who are at the forefront, experience the expression of their feelings and thoughts, together with the effort they have shown while using their professional knowledge and skills. In this context, the purpose of this research is to reveal the views and feelings, thoughts and experienced by healthcare professionals. To reach healthcare workers, Izmir was chosen as one of the cities that experienced pandemic intensely, and the question form was used, inspired by the propositions found in Çırakoğlu's (2011) paper published in the Turkish Psychology Journal. Purposeful sampling method was used. A questionnaire to learn their feelings and thoughts about the COVID-19 outbreak was sent to 67 participants. The data was analyzed with the Maxqda Analytics Pro 2018 software, and the results were discussed. The contagiousness of the virus is at the top of the discourse of the healthcare professionals participating in the study regarding the COVID-19 outbreak. Due to the lack of a vaccine or preventive treatment to stop or reduce the transmission, as of the research period, attention is drawn to the fact that individuals maintain distance in isolation and collective areas in order to avoid the contagiousness of the virus. Participants emphasize that the epidemic causes concern to both the society and healthcare workers, and that the studies conducted in the world are delayed in combating the virus. It is thought to give insight into the symbolic representations of the words most frequently used by healthcare professionals regarding the COVID-19 virus. In addition to the prominence of social distance, isolation, quarantine and curfew methods in the fight against the virus, visualization of these methods in social media sharing also constitutes the symbolic representation of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main motivation of this paper is to investigate the effects of Covid-19 cases on financial markets using non-linear ARDL analysis in the period from 03/11/2020 to 09/22/2020 in Turkish economy. The analysis findings reveal that the increases in the number of Covid-19 cases in the short term decreases the stock market prices in a statistically significant way, whereas the decreases in the number of Covid-19 cases increases the stock market prices in a statistically insignificant way. On the other hand, long-term analysis findings reveal that the increases in the number of Covid-19 cases decreases the stock market prices in a statistically significant way, whereas the decreases in the number of Covid-19 cases increases the stock market prices in a statistically significant way. In addition, the analysis findings show that the changes in the recovers from Covid-19 pandemic in both the short and long term affect the stock market prices in the same direction and statistically significant way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Conoronavirus Disease" (COVID-19) abbreviation is used for the identification of the new disease alerted in Wuhan city of China at the end of year 2019. COVID-19 is caused by "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2" (SARS-CoV-2). Special pandemic precautions are designed for the control of virus spread by inhaling droplets or contact touching surfaces. Authorities were concentrated on the education of healthcare workers, personal protective equipment (PPE) were pursued, and the hospital wards were re-designed during COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, infection control precautions conducted in health facilities were reviewed on the basis of practices of Infection Control Committee (ICC) of Gazi University Hospital following the first COVID-19 case reported at 11 March 2020 in our country. Technical properties of PPEs, donning and doffing procedures, recommendations of PPE for each specific clinical situation for each specific healthcare worker were evaluated in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout human history, many pandemics have broken out and caused great numbers of deaths. As the technological development made quite a huge advancement by the twentieth century, the medical treatment armamentarium had widened its facilities and resources. This brought with sophisticated and competent health care services for people which provided the medical practitioners with higher success rates when fighting against diseases and improved recovery and survival rates. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the high transmission rate of the novel SARS-Cov-2 virus has led to the paralysis of the health system and running out of the resources and healthcare workers. Thus, local government healthcare service regulators have begun building up plans to create management algorithms to use the limited resources more efficiently. This paper presents preliminary practical instructions for healthcare providers as a basic foundation for COVID-19 and potential future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2, agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a member of the Coronaviridae family leading to severe acute respiratory illness. It is enveloped RNA virus. WHO declared the outbreak of Covid-19 as a pandemic on 11 February 2020. After the emergence of the outbreak in the world and in our country, COVID-19 virology laboratory has been designed and diagnostic tests have been established for the early diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2. The routine diagnosis of COVID-19 is achieved by the detection of viral RNA in clinical samples using the nucleic acid amplification tests like real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The rapid diagnosis during the early phases of the infection is critically important for the isolation of the patients and for the development of preventive measures to control the infection in the community. In this context, after the emergence of the pandemic, different diagnostic techniques (real-time PCR tests, rapid antibody tests, and ELISA tests) have been used for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in our hospital. In this paper, we want to emphasize the role and importance of the medical laboratories for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, for tracking of the patients, and for epidemiologic studies during COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing pandemic due to SARS CoV2 is really a big one, which would never welcomed from any countries anytime, but knocked the door all of a sudden! The SARS CoV-2 first appeared in China in late December 2019. The virus isolated on January 7, 2020; the disease named as COVID-19 afterwars. Since this was a SARS virus not an influenza, nobody seem to expect it as a pandemic agent, spread so fast and so globally. But actually it did spread to many countries and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The pandemic hit the universities hard. The most important topic for universities during the pandemic was of course distance and remote learning, which become widespread already. The pandemic will cause profound impacts and changes on the higher education system around the world in terms of education-teaching methods, research, internationalization and mobility. The response of Council of Higher Education of Turkey to pandemic could be evaluated in four phases: 1) Close monitoring, 2) Preparing, 3) Action, 4) New normalization. In this paper we will review the response of Turkish higher education institutions and Council of Higher Education to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]