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In the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in supercapacitor research in energy storage systems. A supercapacitor is an electrochemical capacitor made up of two electrodes, a separator, and a solution of electrolyte. The supercapacitor is distinguished from capacitors and li-ion batteries by its high power density and long cycle counts. This situation provides a broad application area for supercapacitors derived from consumables (cameras, computer equipment, etc.) in the defense industry (laser guns). Furthermore, electric and hybrid vehicle technologies are being developed gradually. The use of supercapacitors in these vehicles improves battery performance. The working principles of supercapacitors are examined in depth in this study. Furthermore, current electrochemical performance measurements of electrodes (graphene, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and conductive polymers) formed in accordance with supercapacitor types were investigated. According to this article, the studies will contribute to the development of superior-performance supercapacitors and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]