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Paper is a basic material derived from organic carbon used for writing and storing information. Books, letters, maps, and official documents are written on paper and enable the transfer of information from generation to generation. Archives and libraries provide an excellent food source for many microorganisms with their organic carbon sources and as a result, they cause biodeterioration. The rate of biodeterioration, on the other hand, depends not only on the composite properties of archival materials, but also on the environment in which they are foun In this study, which was carried out to contribute to active conservation practices, microbial samples were taken from the Department of Culture and Registration. These microbial samples belong to two works with archive numbers 756 and 759, located in the archive room of the Safranbolu collection in the central library within the Foundation Records Directorate. As a biocidal product, the active ingredients were 20% chlorhexidine digluconate, 15% polyhexanide, 3.9% lactic acid, 4.5% acetic acid and 70% ethyl alcohol, respectively. The effects of biocidal products on microorganisms were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Evaluation of the effectiveness on paper, which is important for conservation, was carried out with short and long-term aging tests, colour spectroscopy and SEM fibre degradation analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer of the designs to the surface of ceramic wall tiles is performed by ink-jet digital printing technology. CMYK ink colors are used in ink-jet printing technology. The similarities between hues for various color types make it difficult to come up with different designs. In this study, the development of a wall tile matte glaze recipe with high color activity, which can be worked with CMYK+Pink ink colors. Different recipes were developed by increasing the amount of calcite, dolomite, zinc oxide and magnesite ratios, respectively. Firstly, matt glaze recipes are prepared and employed on wall tile with engobe, followed by CMYK+Pink ink digital decor application. Succeeding the sintering of tiles, L,a,b color measurements of ink decorated glaze recipes were made, and it was determined that the value of 'a' increased from 15.35 to 22.18. The hue angle and chroma values of the recipies were calculated. No significant differences were observed in the color activities of the colors other than pink, and the desired pink color intensity was achieved with one of the new wall tile matte glaze recipes. It was observed that the pink color intensity increased with the increase in the amount of CaO in the content of the matte glaze recipe. The color activity of the pink color could is not obtained in the glaze recipe where the amount of ZnO increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflation, which refers to the decrease in purchasing power, is one of the prominent problems of the global economy. This problem affects all contracts related to money. On the other hand, Islamic law's approach towards the prohibition of interest is closely associated with the contracts. Indeed, in contracts made with paper money, the legal status of the contract becomes controversial when there is a depreciation in the value of the money before the contract is fulfilled and the debt is paid. For example, some jurists, citing the fatwa of Abu Yūsuf (d. 182/798), one of the founding leaders of the Hanafi school, on the change in the value of fels used as coins in transactions, argue that in case of fluctuations in the value of paper money, payment should be made according to the value at the date of the contract. Meanwhile, others argue that Abu Yusuf's opinion does not extend to paper money. In this study, I will analyze these two approaches by applying the qualitative research method in social sciences. As part of the analysis of the subject, I will comprehensively present and evaluate the views and approaches that appear in the contemporary literature. Then, I will discuss Abu Yusuf's view regarding the cause and subject matter of the debt. Thus, I will highlight the position of this view in the Hanafi madhhab literature based on historical data. I will also show whether this approach is valid for today's paper money. The main argument of those who claim that Abu Yusuf's approach to fels includes paper money is that paper money, like fels, has a nominal value. This means that the depreciation that is taken into account in fels is also taken into account in paper money. Another argument is that the change in value that is taken into account in fels, which is used as coins in transactions, will be taken into account in paper money, which is used as the main currency today. On the other hand, those who do not accept this approach argue that fels cannot be considered qiyamī because it is semen, and Abu Yusuf's opinion is limited to fels used as coins in transactions. According to the available data, I consider the arguments of those who claim that Abu Yūsuf's opinion on fels does not extend to paper money as problematic. Because one of the reasons given by those who hold the latter view is that fels cannot be equated with today's paper money since it was a type of coin that completed the fractions of dirhams in transactions. For example, according to the well-known Egyptian historian al-Maqrizī (d. 845/1442), fels were used not only as coins but also as the main currency. Therefore, the fluctuations in the value of fels, which functioned as the main currency, should be evaluated within the framework of Abu Yūsuf’s view. In addition, some Hanafi jurists expanded upon Abu Yūsuf’s view. For example, Ibn Ābidīn (d. 1307/1889), one of the leading figures of the late Hanafi school, in his treatise on the issue, evaluated the debased dirhams (maghlūb al-ghāsh/ مغلوب الغش (in the category of fels. This shows that Abu Yūsuf's approach is also applicable to today’s paper money. Therefore, we can say that Abu Yūsuf’s view on fels is also applicable to today's paper money. This is because Abu Yūsuf, as stated by Ibn Ābidīn, claims that fels is not produced as money and therefore has a nominal value. As a result, according to Abu Yūsuf's opinion regarding the fluctuation in the value of paper money, it is understood that those who claim that payment should be carried out based on the value on the day of the contract have a more accurate attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to examine the cash flow profiles of the companies in the paper and paper products printing sector and to investigate whether the companies showed the characteristics of the business life cycle stages. For this purpose, the cash flow profiles were determined by examining the cash flow tables of the companies in the sector according to the cash flow patterns method, and whether they reflected the characteristics of the business life cycle stages of the companies was examined. In the study, it was seen that the majority of the companies were in the maturity stage. It was concluded that tangible fixed assets and asset growth were at the highest level at the growth stage while debt growth was at the highest level at the introduction stage. In addition, it was determined that earnings per share and net profit margin indicators were at the highest level in the maturity stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was discovered and spread to the world by the Chinese Civilization about 2000 years ago. Although electronic media is used instead of paper, the use of paper continues to be used for magazines, journals, essential documents, records, and books. Besides, the use of paper for various packages is quite high. The raw material of the paper consists mainly of wood. Hence, the use of waste paper as the raw material in the manufacture of paper is growing nowadays. As a consequence, the storage, transportation, and recycling of waste paper have become an issue of waste management. The amount of paper waste in universities, one of the public institutions, was investigated in this study. Waste papers collected from the Seyitler and City Campuses of Artvin Coruh University was tracked for one year. It was calculated from the study that a total of 2,179 kg of paper waste was obtained in one year. It was found that the monthly average per person was 0.045 kg and the annual average was 0.49 kg. It was observed that the papers were collected in a temporary storage area and given to scrap paper collectors at certain periods. This study is aimed to be a pioneering study of waste paper inventory studies to be carried out in public institutions aiming at zero waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in which the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions with the carbonization product obtained from the carbonization of paper mill waste sludge at different temperatures for two hours, it was observed that the adsorption efficiency increased with the increase of the carbonization temperature. The adsorption efficiency of Cd(II) ions depends largely on the pH of the environment. By contacting the 100 mg/L solution of Cd(II) with the carbonization product at 300, 400 and 500 °C at a dose of 5 g/L for 240 min at pH 5.5, the current Cd(II) ions were 45.3%, 52.4% and 61% removed. These values increased to 56%, 65.3% and 73.4% when the initial concentration of Cd(II) ions was taken as 50 Mg/L. When the dose was applied as 20 g/L for the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, all of the existing Cd (II) ions (except the carbonization product at 300 °C) were adsorbed. The results obtained for each carbonization product were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The cadmium adsorption kinetics were defined with a second order model and the cadmium adsorption isotherm was determined to fit the Langmuir model better. The applicability of the results to the isotherm equations and the changes in the value of the isotherm constants depending on the carbonization temperature were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A4 paper is the most widely used paper type that is produced by using wood-free writing & printing paper with the least amount of wood in its structure. A4 size paper is produced by cutting large and long rolls in width and length directions. The construction of this machine is not made in Turkey. In this study, a prototype designed for a paper cutting machine is presented. For this prototype, step motors are used that can be set at different speeds and polyamide rollers are used to transfer the paper from one line to another without tearing. Some problems that is encountered for the designed paper cutting machine are discussed and some analyses are made to solve these problems. It has been found that the misalignment of the shaft axes during the transfer of the paper and the not suitable construction of the shafts causes the non-uniform cutting of the paper. It is also observed that the speed of the motor must the paper adjusted at an appropriate rate, to avoid the stretch and break of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to clinically and histopathologically evaluate the efficiency of different applications of medical ozone on corneal healing in the treatment of experimentally induced corneal alkali burns with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in rabbits. For this purpose, 6 mm diameter filter paper impregnated with 1 N NaOH was applied to the central cornea of only the right eyes of 32 New Zealand rabbits for 1 min. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. The treatment continued for 21 days at three-day intervals. The first group was left as the control group (K) and was not applied medical ozone. The control group received no treatment. Subconjunctival ozonated blood was applied to the second group (M). Subconjunctival medical ozone was applied to the third group (S). Major autohemotherapy was applied to the fourth group (O). As a result of clinical and histopathological evaluations, highest degree of regeneration and healing findings in corneal tissues were in the M group. This was followed by O and S groups, respectively. The highest corneal tissue damage was observed in the cases belonging to group K. The cases closest to normal stromal thickness belonged to group M. It was noted that the K group had the highest stromal thickness and the farthest value from normal. In the light of the clinical, statistical and histopathological findings, different application techniques of medical ozone treatment in corneal alkali burn were found to significantly reduce complications compared to the control group and accelerate corneal reepithelization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper aims to find out the factors that are likely to increase the citation impact of Turkey-addressed international papers. Method: For this purpose, we downloaded bibliographic records of some 226,000 TR-addressed papers that were published between 2006 and 2015, there from selected a sample (2%) using stratified probabilistic sampling technique, and obtained relevant data from various sources such as the number of citations and coauthors, journal impact factors (JIF) and journal quartiles pertaining to each paper in the sample. We then identified 19 independent variables on article, journal, cooperation, support and access levels and analyzed the data using the hurdle model. Findings: The strongest factors increasing the number of citations of TR-addressed papers are five-year JIFs and journal quartiles (Q1) in which TR-addressed papers appeared and the number of references in papers' reference lists. These factors also reduce the number of papers with zero citations. Papers published in cooperation with other countries collect higher numbers of citations. Factors such as the subjects of papers, whether papers received monetary support or not, and methods by which papers can be accessed (open or closed access) have no impact on the number of citations received. Implications: Findings indicate that academic promotion and support policies encouraging publishing in high impact journals while forestalling publishing in low impact journals should be developed in order to increase the scientific impact of TR-addressed papers. Originality: This is the first study using hurdle model to investigate the direct impact of several article, journal, collaboration, monetary support and access level explanatory variables on the number of citations that TR-addressed papers receive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive Care Units (ICU) are units where vital support with advanced technology is given to critically ill patients and multidisciplinary approaches are frequently applied. As we all see during the pandemic, the ICU beds are limited in number; therefore, appropriate use of ICU beds is very important to give the necessary treatment to patients on time while allocating the resources rationally and efficiently. Practices to be implemented for this purpose may cause conflicts between the patients, relatives of the patients, the society and the healthcare team. It is crucial to prevent these conflicts and to ensure that they are resolved properly when they arise. This policy paper prepared by Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection (Klimik), Turkish Society of Intensive Care and Turkish Bioethics Association brings suggestions to physicians and healthcare administrators regarding the rational use of intensive care units. We presume that it will be effective as supported by the professional organizations and medical associations operating in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid developments and innovations in information technologies necessitated transformation in accounting practices. In this process, accounting applications were moved from paper to electronic environment and applications such as e-invoice, e-ledger, e-declaration, e-reconciliation came into effect. Thanks to this transformation, the functions of accounting became faster, easier and less costly. In this ever-increasing environment of rapid development and change, it has become very important for professional accountants to follow new technological developments and renew their knowledge according to the requirements of the age. In this research, it is aimed to determine the technology usage levels of accounting professionals. For this purpose, a research was carried out on the members of the profession operating in the Gaziantep region. Questionnaire method was used in the research. As a result of the research, it has been determined that technological products are very important in professional work for the majority of professional accountants and the biggest obstacle in the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the field of accounting is customer resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitated lot sizing is a frequently encountered production-planning problem in manufacturing companies. However, many real life factors are usually not taken into account during the model development phase for these problems. In this study, an integrated lot-sizing and scheduling problem of a paper bag production firm is considered. A mixed integer mathematical programming model is proposed for modeling and solving the problem. Setup cost/time between product and period changes are considered in the proposed model. It is aimed to minimize the total cost of production, holding inventory, backorder, procurement and setup for product type change and product period change. It is observed that productive utilization of manufacturing resources and the generation of more effective production plans are possible by the application of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rags used in the papermaking as raw materialis collected from garbage or second hand cloths from households. In the nineteenth century, the paper production technology developed and it simultaneously caused an increase in the demand for rags. The domination of England and the USA in the paper industry also made them the largest importers of the material. As a result of the competition between the two countries, the rag prices increased in Europe and some European countries prohibited the rag exporting for protecting their paper industries. Therefore the two countries turned towards the Ottoman port cities. This study primarily aims to examine the papermaking and rag sector in the Ottoman Empire and to understand how the internal market was affected and fluctuated after the Western countries' interest in the Ottoman rag market. Afterwards it aims to follow how this sector transformed and organized in the cities with the capital inflowing. In addition, the paper puts forward some views on the formal and informal line of papermaking industry and rag pickers, relationship between the sector and municipal sanitary reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project of modernity, which started in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, turned into a planned action in the country with the Republic of Turkey. In this context, within the project of modernity, planned development for economic independence and the development of industry were given importance. The İzmir Economy Congress (1927) and the First Five-Year Industry Plan (1934) ensured the realization of industrial investments in this process. These investments were seen as the elements that sustain the revolutions and the basic requirements for economic/social development and were realized by the state. As one of the first steps in the modernization process of the country, the Kocaeli SEKA Paper Factory area is a concrete example where the stages of this process can be followed. With the global crisis in the second half of the 20th century, the service sector began to become a predominant sector in industrial cities. Industrial areas, which used to be located in city centers in the past, started to be decentralized towards the periphery. In this process, production areas in city centers began to lose their usability in terms of both location and production due to technological obsolescence. With its locations covering large areas in city centers, it has become attractive in terms of new uses. The need to maintain these areas, which are also important in terms of urban history, except for their original functions, but maintaining the value created by the original function, has revealed the concept of industrial heritage. After the transfer of the SEKA area, whose functioning ended, to the municipality in 2005, it was aimed to reuse. This area, which is important for the history of the city, needs to be evaluated within the scope of the concept of industrial heritage, apart from its original functions, but maintaining the value created by the original function. In this study, the coastline, historical and industrial structures of SEKA, which affects the social and economic structure of the city, will be evaluated especially with the implementation of the Sekapark Urban Transformation Project. In addition, in order to ensure the effective and efficient use of the whole area, suggestions have been developed regarding the buildings and areas that have relatively limited use in the current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial stress, defined as a situation where the financial system is under pressure and disruptions occur in the normal functioning of financial markets, adversely affects markets through various channels, leading to the emergence of uncertainty and a slowdown in economic activity. This study investigates the impact of financial stress on the Istanbul Stock Exchange sector stock market. As part of the research, the Financial Stress Index has been considered as the indicator of financial stress, while the Istanbul Stock Exchange sector stock market includes the Istanbul Stock Exchange Banks, Electricity, Financials, Service, Holdings & Investments, Chemical, Petroleum & Plastic, Leasing and Factoring, Securities Investment Trusts, Primary Metal, Non-Metallic Minerals, Metal Products & Machinery, Wood, Paper & Printing, Industrial, Insurance, Textile & Leather, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Tourism, Transportation, Food & Beverage indices, in addition to the Istanbul Stock Exchange 100 Index. The dataset consists of monthly/closing data for the period March 1997-September 2022. According to the causality test results of Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (2016), a causality relationship has been found from financial stress towards the Istanbul Stock Exchange 100, Banks, Financials, Holdings & Investments, Chemical, Petroleum & Plastic, Securities Investment Trusts, Primary Metals, Non-Metallic Minerals, Metal Products & Machinery, Wood, Paper & Printing, Insurance, Textile & Leather, Wholesale & Retail Trade, and Tourism indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ductility and energy absorption characteristics of concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTCCs) make these columns a good choice. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element method (FEM) (3DFEM) modeling, and simplified numerical modeling results, are compared to those of the computation methods presented in previous studies on estimating the ultimate load capacity of circular stub concrete-filled steel tube composite columns (CFSTCCs). Another comparison between practical design methodology approaches based on advanced analyses, namely, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), relevance vector machine (RVM), and artificial neural network (ANN)-based models were also presented by Avci-Karatas. In order to improve the accuracy of the modeling process and achieve more precise predictions, a thorough set of experimental data was collected. This data encompassed the geometrical and mechanical properties of circular CFSTCC, including parameters such as height, diameter, thickness, steel yield stress, unconfined concrete strength, and Young's modulus for steel. In the present study, it is found that the predicted ultimate axial compression load capacity of circular stub CFSTCCs based on 3D-FEM, numerical modeling, and MARS, RVM, and ANN-based modeling is comparable with the experimentally measured values. In the MARS-based model, the minimum and maximum values of the predicted-to-experimental ultimate axial load ratios (PuMARS / PuE) were found to range from 0.87 to 1.10. For the RVM-based model, the ratios (PuRVM/PuE) varied between 0.90 and 1.06. Similarly, in the ANN-based model, the ratios (PuANN / PuE) ranged from 0.92 to 1.04. As powerful statistical modeling tools as MARS- and RVM-based models are, ANN-based models, achieve high computational efficiency in terms of accuracy in the context of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is an important concept that is directly related to psychological well-being and is mentioned in many theories of clinical psychology. Different psychological theories have various views on the definition of authenticity. While varying definitions according to the theory enrich the view of authenticity, they can also make it difficult to work within a common conceptualization of the concept. This paper reviewed the literature to summarize the different definitions of authenticity and unite them in a common ground. Discussing why authenticity would be important for clinical psychology practice and research and framing the role of psychotherapy in ensuring authenticity were also included in the scope of the study. Considering the commonalities among the theories examined in the study, it can be said that authenticity is shaped by many factors, such as temperament, life experiences, interaction with caregivers, and environment, and can develop throughout life. In addition, it was also inferred that authenticity, which is closely related to psychological health, should be addressed and included in interventions by mental health professionals and researchers working in the field. In this context, it was deduced that it would be important for psychotherapists to discuss and work on authenticity in sessions, regardless of the approach they work with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous weapon systems, as new generation military technologies, are the subject of discussions in many areas such as security, law and ethics. The study aims to test whether non-governmental organizations are successful in mobilizing states to legally regulate autonomous weapon systems. In this context, the working papers of the Government Experts Group meetings and the reports and studies (research, surveys, etc.) of international non-governmental organizations were examined, and the decisions taken at the meetings were compared with the reports. Qualitative research method was used in the study. In the study, the studies carried out to establish legal regulations fell behind the pace of technological development. In this regard, it has been concluded that non-governmental organizations are effective but insufficient in mobilizing states regarding autonomous weapon systems. The study is the first to examine the contributions of non-governmental organizations to the global debate on autonomous weapon systems and claims to fill the gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel operational amplifier (op-amp) model was created by redesigning the internal structure of conventional op-amp (ua741 family) circuit element with the linear dopant drift TiO2 memristor (LDDTM) emulator model. The optimized operating conditions and states of this novel op-amp model were determined. The memristor based op-amp model was used as an amplifier element in the phase shift oscillator (PSO) circuit which is one of the RC oscillators. With the novel new phase shift oscillator, the oscillation settling time, start time, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and their effects on the output parameters are investigated both experimentally and simulated. The new oscillator model novel in this study is evaluated in detail not only in the middle frequency region, but also in the high and low frequency regions. In addition, the efficiency of these circuits has been merged with the experimental circuits, and the accuracy and practicality of the novel op-amp model has been comprehensively studied theoretically and supported by simulation and experimental results. Finally, both experimental and simulation results of the oscillator circuits realized with the novel op-amp model are shown in detail in tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qatar is experiencing significant development as a result of its abundant natural resources. Qatar is taking crucial initiatives to ensure the sustainability of this position, such as the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030. This strategy paper focuses a variety of development issues, including economic diversification, education reform, sustainable urbanisation, transportation infrastructure strengthening, and environmental sustainability. It also seeks to safeguard liberties, promote moral and religious values, and provide security, stability, and equality of opportunity. The goal of this research is to thoroughly investigate the content of the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030, assess its development, and analyse the country's success in reaching the targets outlined in the existing plan. The analysis covers the period from the plan's implementation in 2008 to the present. The study's drawback is the lack of a complete data set to measure all of the pillars of the strategy document simultaneously. In this context, data sets that are commonly used in the literature to measure the dimensions of 'human development," "social development," "economic development," and "environmental development" were used The analysis revealed that, while Qatar has made progress towards the QNV 2030 goals, there are still problems and areas that require improvement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on accounting research by examining the Covid-19 themed accounting articles indexed by Web of Science with the bibliometric analysis method. 761 articles within the scope of the research are analyzed with Vosviewer software. With the global spread of the virus causing Covid-19 disease in 2019, it is observed that the number of publications by accounting researchers increased rapidly since 2020. The number of publications, which is 126 in 2020, increases to 325 in 2021 and 310 in 2022. It seems that investigating the effects of the pandemic is an important subject of study in accounting research. The results show that the Covid-19 themed accounting articles covered financial markets, public finance, business performance measurement, accounting education, corporate governance and sustainability. The journal that publishes the most articles on accounting and Covid-19 is the "Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting Financial According to the co-occurrence analysis of the keywords, the most frequently used keyword is 'Covıd-19'. The country with the most publications is the USA, the countries with the strongest co-authorship connections is England. Turkey ranks 22nd among the countries with co-authorship link with 12 papers, 92 citations and 23 total link strength. Among the researchers' affiliations, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology is the most productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to reveal the suitability of the Turkish Dictionary for Schools prepared by the TDK for the target audience in terms of form and content features. Findings were collected through document review, one of the qualitative research data collection techniques. Form and content characteristics were determined by scanning the literature, and the findings were subjected to descriptive analysis. The aspects that should be examined in terms of the format features of the dictionary were determined as weight, size, spine, cover, combination method, paper, font type and size, based on the criteria in the literature review. The content features of the dictionary were determined from the words in the vocabulary activities of the Turkish textbooks in use and the words in the target word lists of the 5th-8th grade levels, based on whether the object of study corresponds to these words. As a result of the research, it was determined that the formal standards of the dictionary were not only suitable in terms of font size, but also other criteria. In terms of content features, the dictionary was able to cover the words in the target word lists at a rate of 87%-96% according to grade levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the Turkish translations of the Qur'ān had reached a great accumulation. The international symposium titled "Translations of Qur'an: Problems and Solution Suggestions" hosted by Muş Alparslan University (October 13-15, 2023) revealed this once again. During the sessions of the threeday symposium, method, content, goals and problems of the Translations of the Qur'ān / maāls were brought to the agenda. In addition to many criticisms, there were also academician who made offers on what needs to be done for a correct translation. In this review, the scientific meeting in question has been widely introduced and the contents of the papers in briefly reflected, the discussions have been mentioned upon and some evaluations have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uzbekistan seems to be mentioned more often among other Central Asian republics due to significant modification observed in its both domestic and foreign policies. It would be prudent to review Uzbekistan's position within several international organizations operating at regional scale as its geopolitical and geostrategical importance are ascending. The discussion on the possible contributions of both Organization of Turkic States (OTS) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on the resolution efforts of country's water based issues and also Uzbekistan's real strategic importance for the two regional organizations at near future constitutes main objective of this paper. We aim to observe and evaluate the functionalist and liberal institutional perspectives in constructing the theoretical framework of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a two-dimensional two-stage guillotine cutting stock problem which includes determination of how the items should be cut from stock panels in an optimal way, by developing and applying different solution approaches. An integer programming model with new features is proposed. A random key based genetic algorithm is utilized to obtain feasible solutions, and by applying a local search within the algorithm, a hybrid structure is acquired. Besides, a novel two-stage math-heuristic solution method is proposed. In the first stage of this method, a relaxation of the problem is solved; in the second, this solution is improved. The time to obtain the results of the developed two-stage math-heuristic solution approach is significantly lower than the other methods given in the article. Optimal solution values were obtained in 26 of 30 test problems taken from the literature with the proposed mathematical model, in 14 with mathematical programming based heuristic method, and in 16 with a random key based genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unemployment and environmental pollution are two significant obstacles to achieving long-term development goals in most countries. The literature generally agrees that shifting the basic dynamic of economic activity from fossil energy to renewable energy sources is necessary to solve these two problems simultaneously. This paper examines the dynamic influences of renewable energy (REN) consumption on unemployment in BRICST (Brazil, Russia, India, South Africa, and Türkiye) countries using annual data spanning from 1991 to 2021. To this end, the bootstrap LM test is first used to evaluate the cointegration relationship between REN consumption, fossil fuel utilization, economic growth, and unemployment variables included in the econometric model to be estimated in the study. Then, the short and long-term connections between the analyzed variables are explored using the cross-sectionally augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) model, which can produce consistent results when there is cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity and when the variables exhibit different stationarity properties. Findings from the bootstrap LM test provide evidence of a long run cointegration association between the variables. Moreover, the CS-ARDL model estimation results demonstrate a negative but statistically insignificant connection between REN consumption and unemployment and that economic growth and fossil fuel usage significantly reduce unemployment in the short and long run. These outcomes suggest that the proportion of REN in total energy consumption in BRICS-T nations has yet to reach a sufficient level to realize its potential to reduce unemployment and/or that the economies of these countries depend on traditional energy. The findings also confirm the validity of Okun's Law in the sample nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of whether they are young or old, people have quickly stepped into the internet world with phones, tablets, computers and smart devices, which are among today's communication technologies. With the increase in the number of social media users, some negativities are encountered. The most important problem encountered on social media is cyber bullying. Although cyberbullying may seem like daily dialogues between social media users or groups, the incidence of cyberbullying increases day by day with the diversification of shared information, content, and agenda in social media environments. This paper evaluates the performance of a GPT-3 classification model for the task of classifying tweets from tweeters as those that contain cyberbullying or those that do not. The model was first trained and tested on Turkish tweets. It resulted in an accuracy of 55% in total. After the data was translated to English and the model was retrained and tested, accuracy was increased to 66%. Precision, recall, and F1 score for both classes of tweets were 0.65, 0.68, and 0.67, respectively, for tweets without cyberbullying and 0.67, 0.64, and 0, respectively, for tweets with cyberbullying. It was found to be 65. Cyberbullying The confusion matrix of the model showed that 17 tweets correctly contained cyberbullying, while 9 tweets incorrectly contained cyberbullying. The results of this paper show that GPT-3 can be used for the task of classifying tweets into those that contain cyberbullying and those that do not with a reasonable degree of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the adaptive detection of extended radar targets buried in Gaussian clutter, assuming a diffuse multipath environment. The target return signal from each range cell is modeled as the sum of a deterministic data vector, which includes an unknown scaling factor representing the direct path component, and a randomly distributed data vector in a Gaussian distribution with unknown covariance matrix representing multipath echoes. During the design phase, it is assumed that the primary data covariance matrix falls within the vicinity of a sample covariance matrix that is devised from the secondary data set. The paper proposes a constraint Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) for the adaptive detection problem of extended radar targets in diffuse multipath environments, and conducts a performance analysis comparing the developed algorithm with well-known adaptive detectors in the literature. The results and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances the detection performance of extended radar targets in environments with diffuse multipath. Overall, this article provides valuable insights for improving the adaptive detection of extended targets in challenging environments, with potential applications in radar and sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the meaning of the word “Aziz” (except for “Asma-ul-Husna”) and other words with the same root in other forms found in the Holy Qur’an. The research draws on Arabic language sources compiled in the first centuries of the Hijrah. It also utilizes early Arabic language dictionaries, works of Wujuh and Nasa’ir, Tafsirs, and the literature of Maani and Gharib al-Quran, which explains the words of the Qur’an. This article quotes ancient sources to define the word “Aziz,” and identifies ten different meanings attributed to the word. It also attempts to establish a connection between these ten different meanings based on the most concrete one. The study then goes through the verses in which “Aziz” and other words with the same root appear in order. Providing meticulous translations of the source texts about these verses, the article presents the meanings attributed to the word and other derivatives, especially by linguists. It then offers translations of each of these verses accordingly. This paper also cites Turkish translations of Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen, Hasan Basri Çantay, and Ali Fikri Yavuz, demonstrating the various meanings attributed to the word depending on the context. Eight of the ten meanings mentioned are found in the Qur’an. The paper also assesses these translations through examples, aiming to illustrate that a direct translation of the word may cause misunderstandings, although the exact same word exists in Turkish. The conclusion lists all of the meanings attributed to the word and the findings of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesopotamia is a region where diverse beliefs merged and fused, generating an eclectic and syncretic framework. The lunar worshipping cult occupied a significant position among the convictions of the farming societies here and influenced their lifestyle. Particularly, lunar eclipses were significant natural phenomena meticulously observed in lifestyle manners according to the moon's phases. This article explores the significance of lunar eclipses, which had a considerable influence on the social life and religious convictions of Mesopotamian societies. Besides their religious and ritual significance, lunar eclipses also had political implications. Therefore, this paper examines the political consequences of lunar eclipses and scrutinizes their potential character. Mesopotamian civilizations viewed natural phenomena, mainly those linked to the moon's phases, as sings of retribution or as a warning from the moon god Sin. The significance placed on such natural phenomena by Mesopotamian societies, particularly by the governing institutions, is evident in the cuneiform tablets. It is possible to discern from both tablets and state official correspondence that warnings and disciplinary actions sent by Sin had a direct influence on the decision-making process within both the political and religious fields. The State Archives of Assyria and Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period features numerous prophesies and state inscriptions in which the name of the moon god Sin is referenced. Upon examination, an analysis of the religious and political nature of the practices performed to seek protection from the wrath of the moon god and to avoid negative effects during lunar eclipses can be conducted. This article evaluates the impact of Sin, the moon god of Mesopotamia, on political decisions made by the kings. Nevertheless, this study analyses practices performed during lunar eclipses that were found to have an effect in religious and political fields. The influence on monotheistic religions is examined within the scope of Judaism, and the resulting traces are pursued in the Old Testament corpus. Using the descriptive method, this paper evaluates the probable impact of lunar eclipses on Judaism during the monotheistic period through a comparative analysis. The study aims to identify potential parallels that exist. The research findings indicate that the moon god Sin played a significant role in political decision-making as the god of prophecy. Particularly during lunar eclipses, it was found that appointing a "substitute king" was an effective measure. It was found that several religious practices were performed during the lunar eclipses to protect against bad prophecies. The presence of the belief in the moon god in Judaism has been analysed and it was found that the bad prophecies and religious practices were parallel to some passages in the Old Testament. The study is restricted to primary sources from the ancient period due to the limitations of the research. The article primarily employs social science methodologies including description, interpretation, and comparisons. Additionally, a linguistic approach has been applied using Akkadian texts. The study suggests that lunar eclipses, associated with the cult of Sin, had a considerable influence on the religious and political domains, as found in the Judaist sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lexical and semantic studies carried out in the context of signifiersignified in Turkish dialects are necessary for text transfers between dialects. Based on this idea, the verb sakla-"to hide", which is in the vocabulary of Turkmen Turkish, is discussed in the paper. This verb has been the subject of the paper because its usage area is widespread in Turkmen Turkish and it is encountered with different verbs in text transfers to Turkey Turkish. The aim is to determine the meaning and usage areas of the sakla-sign in Turkmen Turkish, which exists in both dialects, and to evaluate the obtained data by comparing it with the same language sign in Turkey Turkish. In this way, it has been shown that a verb that seems to be equivalent in both dialects does not have the same meaning in Turkmen and Turkey Turkish. Thus, the fact that the issue of false equivalence is not only related to the basic meaning but also to the connotations is revealed again in the example of the verb sakla-. In the study, different uses of the verb sakla-were determined by comparing the definitions in the Turkmen and Turkey Turkish dictionaries; In line with this information, witness sentences and phrases containing the verb sakla-in literary works, written media, textbooks, proverbs and idioms of Turkmen Turkish were compiled and examined for equivalence. The overlapping and non-overlapping meanings of the verb sakla-with its equivalent in Turkey Turkish have been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A notion that the theologians consider as a physical explanation model while discussing the movement in accordance with their theological views on the comprehension and interpretation of the universe is i'timād. In conclusion, this notion, which has various meanings in different contexts, has been used to express "the tendency of object in motion, potential energy, pressure or resistance of an object to another object". Within this framework, including weight-lightness, ascentdescent, impulse-pull etc., many phenomena related to the unidirectional and compulsory movement of objects have been explained. On the other hand, theologians dealt with i'timād in the context of their own conceptions of the universe, in relation to their understanding of causality while discussing the movements of bodies in the universe and their changestransformations, and the causality relationship between them. As a result of their discussions, they asked questions about i'timād and tried to find answers to these questions in the perspective of their own views of the universe. Furthermore, in relation to the theory of i'timād, Mu'tazilite scholar Abû Ishâq Ibrâhîm al-Nazzâm (d. 231/845) discussed the theory of tafra (leaping) and put forward contrary arguments. One of those who sought answers to the questions discussed in this direction and expressed an opinion on i'timād is the Ash'arî theologian Abû al-Maâlî al-Juwaynî (d. 478/1085). He discussed i'timād in terms of the accidents of spatial generation and used i'timād as a universal explanatory theory for the phenomena of movement, space, weight and lightness, and directional phenomena such as up and down. From this point of view, he also tried to interpret i'timād with examples from natural phenomena and objects. In doing so, he synthesized i'timād within his own system and presented it as an explanatory element by considering the Ash'arite metaphysical principles through the examples he frequently gave. Thus, he put forward views on whether the movements of objects give rise to i'timād or not, and drew attention to the usage of i'timād in the Muʿtazilite and Ashʿarī schools. In this context, he tried to prove with examples whether the Muʿtazilite understanding of iʿtimād overlaps with the Ashʿarī understanding of iʿtimād. On the other hand, al-Juwaynī put forward his proofs in the context of his criticisms of the Muʿtazilites in general and al-Naẓẓām in particular. His criticisms were generally in response to the views of Muʿtazilite scholars on the phenomenon of motion in the context of iʿtimād. In fact, al-Juwaynī criticized the arguments of Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī (d. 303/916) and Abū Ḥāshim (d. 321/933) in the context of the theory of tawlīd and al-Naẓẓām in the context of the theory of tafra through their arguments. In this direction, the paper concentrates on how Juwaynî stated the examples he put while proving the theory of i'timād in terms of movement phenomenon and what he comprehended from it. In addition, the paper discusses his criticisms against Nazzâm's theoretical and experimental arguments he brought in the context of tafra theory while elaborating Juwaynî's explanation of movement phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLS based Structural Equation Modelling approach widens in usage in Social Research thanks to their expedient and facilitator aspects. Social scientists test their models with PLS-SEM with many programs which are led by SmartPLS. Accordingly with structures of scales in social research, most of the models consists hierarchical multi-dimensional variables. The current paper aims to indicate critical points to be considered while using PLS-SEM. The given checklist offers a list for requirements of convenient usage of PLS-SEM. Additionally, this study aims to guide researchers to build hierarchical structures and to grant their validity & reliability. This knowledge fills the blank which is needed in the Turkish literature with a rare application of the higher-order constructing process. The contribution of this paper includes usage, interpratetion, and reporting issues for end-users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the fiscal capacity of the Ottoman Empire. In the paper the fiscal capacity is defined in terms of the delay in the transfer of tax revenues to the central treasury. Delays in tax collection are analyzed as a function of distance to the center, tax types, and the volume of tax revenues. Econometric analysis based on data from the records of daily transactions of the central treasury (ruznamçe defterleri) of the late 16th century shows that the increased distance from the center is associated with a higher delay in tax collection. Moreover, the impact of the distance varies by tax types. It is also observed that compared to avarız taxes, revenues from jizya, ağnam, and mukataa enter into the treasury in a greater delay. Finally, results show that revenues with higher volumes are transferred to the treasury fa ster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide a general overview of ethical studies published in the first century of the Turkish Republic in three generations. Hilmi Ziya Ulken, Takiyettin Mengüşoglu and Nurettin Topçu are some of the eminent first-generation Turkish philosophers who have been sent to several European countries such as France, Germany and Italy for their postgraduate education. They mainly introduced ethical theories to Turkish philosophy circles. Nurettin Topçu, who wrote his dissertation on the concept of revolution in France, emphasizes in his writings the close relation between morality and religion and puts forth a religion based ethical account of morality. The problem of morality or of value constitutes a central issue in Ulken's studies; he asserts that the subject matter of moral philosophy is to study action, particularly the agent of an action, as well as the realm of values underlying an action. Mengüşoğlu applied an ontological and anthropological approach to ethical issues and wrote an article entitled "A Critical Preparation for a Philosophical Ethics." As the representative of the second generation of Turkish philosophers, one can name, for example, İoanna Kuçuradi, Ahmet İnam and Betül Çotuksöken. İoanna Kuçuradi introduces a theory of value and a new theory of ethics following the footsteps of the philosophers Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Nikolai Hartmann and Takiyettin Mengüşoglu. The fundamental characteristic of her ethics is its starting point, namely, the action of a person, as well as its reliance on values or on the value knowledge of human being. Kuçuradi's ethics differs from other theories of ethics in respect of the peculiarity of its object. An action does not consist of a behavior; a behavior or doing is merely the last stage of an action. In each action there are two further steps, which come before doing (or not doing), namely, the stage of evaluation, and experience in a particular sense. Kuçuradi argues that an action cannot be evaluated simply in terms of the determination of the will underlying an action, in the way in which Kant considers it to be the case. Betül Çotuksöken, one the eminent Turkish philosophers of the second generation, promotes an ethics of anthropontology, which is a natural extension her account of the human being, which she refers to as anthropontology. Ahmet İnam tries to develop an account of ethics based on the concepts as love, heart (gönül) and life (can), and this account of ethics finds its roots in the Anatolian ground, namely, from the Turkish culture(s). The third generation of Turkish scholars are represented in this paper with the names of Hakan Poyraz, Harun Tepe, Demet Kurtoğlu Taşdelen and Süleyman Dönmez, taking into consideration their works on various ethical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, aims to investigate the impact of historical perspective on some contemporary studies. This affect is apparent in comparisons made between assessments of Arabic scholars and modern linguistic theories and notions in the West. The Arabic world, after gaining their independence, had tried their hardest to import the knowledge from the West due to political, scientific, and sociological reasons. While Arabs accepted the superiority of knowledge in several fields that produced in the West, their look, on the contrary, at the modern linguistics has always been suspicious. Nevertheless, they did not hold back from finding out the similar or better correspondent linguistic theories or conceptions in Arabic language tradition. However, the aim of the early Arabic language scholars and the context of the knowledge they produced were quite different from those of the modern period linguists and the conditions of the emergence of linguistics. In this respect, it is a methodological error to decontextualize the concepts mentioned in the history of Arabic language or to subject them to forced interpretations to match them with modern linguistic concepts, and it also disrupts the epistemic value of linguistic knowledge that has gone down in history. The wealth and depth of Arabic language tradition has been useful in ascribing those new linguistic theories and concepts to Arabic tradition as it was asserted that these concepts dealt with by scholars without nomination. We assume that the effect of historical interpretation worked out well here. The ideological dimension of the historical interpretation exceeds the limits of this paper, for that, this paper limited with some examples in which the effect of honorific interpretations of history on Arabic studies is obvious. These examples are selected from the works of people who are known for their linguistic contributions in the Arab world in the modern period. The historical and social conditions of the theories and knowledge referred to in this paper have not been discussed as they would exceed the limits of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the poisoning narrations of the Prophet Muhammad within the context of miracle – prophethood relationship (understanding and interpreting) based on the Quran’s prophethood concept (paradigm). The paper claims that the dominant paradigm is the determining instrument for the understanding and interpreting of the Sirah material. Thus, while the Quran’s prophethood concept expresses the paradigm, the poisoning narrations of the Prophet are a case study for the subject of understanding and interpreting. As the main source of the Sirah discipline, the Quran is also the main authority for the verification and correction of narratives about the Prophet’s life. As such, any Sirah material that contradict with the principles of the Qur'an is in need of criticism and explanation. From this perspective, the Qur'an’s concept of prophethood should be a touchstone for the correct understanding of the Prophet. The expressions of the Qur'an describing the prophethood of Muhammad reveal an imagination of prophet based on the profile of a human-prophet, free from miracles. Therefore, this principle, which the Qur'an defines in the person of the Prophet, determines the limits of our approach to the Sirah material. After determining the basis of the approach to the Sirah material, it is possible to deal with the paradigm – understanding and interpreting relationship in the example of the poisoning narrations of the Prophet. As known, after the Conquest of Khaybar (7/629), the Prophet was subject of an assassination by a Jewish woman named Zainab bint al-Harith. She offered the Prophet and his companions a poisonous meal prepared from mutton; however, the Prophet escaped the assassination by noticing the poison in the food. On the matter of how the Prophet noticed the poison, while some explain by his human abilities; others interpret it as his miracle. These two approaches, traces of which can be seen in both classical and modern works, are remarkable in terms of showing the differences in the understanding and interpreting of the Sirah narrations depend on the underlying paradigm. Because the divergences seen in the understanding and interpretation of the incident in the historical process actually appear as a reflection of different paradigms. In this article, rather than showing the reflections of the paradigm shift, we will discuss how the poisoning incident was handled in the early sources in the context of the dominant paradigm. In this context, we will evaluate the narrations included in the works of Waqidi, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Sa'd and Tabari. Indeed, we have to assume that the narrations in these works are the most appropriate narrations to reflect the paradigm of the period, as they are the closest written texts to the period of the Prophet. Therefore, this paper aims to criticize the poisoning narrations in the early Sirah sources comparatively based on the prophethood concept of the Quran, as the main source of Sirah. In this direction, text criticism method will be used in the paper. By using this method, the similarities and differences between the narrations will be determined and the answer to the question of how the incident actually happened will be sought. Thus, it will be possible to show findings that the narratives about the poisoning incident in the first written sources do not attribute miraculous properties to the Prophet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proverbs and idioms are among the most important language and cultural treasures of a nation. Proverbs are concise and set phrases based on past and life experiences. Idioms are short-set phrases that contain figurative meanings. Proverbs and idioms, which are widely used in daily language, are also used in literary works. The use of proverbs and idioms in poetry enriches the meaning world of poetry. Many studies, especially dictionary studies, have been carried out to reveal the richness of Turkish at this point. Studies have been done on the identification and evaluation of proverbs and idioms in classical Turkish poetry texts based on a rich poetry tradition. In these studies, proverbs and idioms that can be identified from other poetry sources especially divans are generally discussed in terms of subject, content, style and linguistic aspects, taking into account the alphabetical order. In this study, a bibliography of studies such as papers, articles, dissertations, books and book chapters on proverbs and idioms in the field of classical Turkish poetry is presented. The general characteristics of the studies on proverbs and idioms, their statistical meanings, etc. are aimed to shed light on the following studies by making some evaluations on the points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many studies written on tombs, tomb structures and tombstones in scientific fields such as Art History, Archaeology, History and Architecture. Today, studies conducted in this field can be categorized with various data using some software programs. This makes it easier for scientists conducting academic studies to access contemporary sources and provides the convenience of analyzing studies collectively. This approach also allows field studies to be examined from past to present. There are not many current studies in the literature aimed at determining the general structure and characteristics of tombs, grave structures and tombstones within the framework of bibliometric laws. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the bibliometric features of peer reviewed articles published in the field of tombs, grave structures and tombstones. It is important to determine the contribution of academic studies on the subject to scientific field at the international level and the place of the studies in the international publication rankings. When the keywords "Tomb-Tombs", "Gravestone-Gravestones", "Tombstone-Tombstones" are surveyed in the Web of Science Core Collection database using the "or" option, 70 scientific papers appear. 45 of these studies, on which 94 authors worked, have a single author. Moreover, it is found that 25 publications are co-authored studies. Analysis findings show that the first article in this field indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database was published in 2007. For this reason, the starting date is accepted as 2007, and 2023 is not included in the time period since it has not ended yet. Most of the studies related with the field and key word were published in Milli Folklore, Olba and Belleten journals. According to the findings, it is predicted that interdisciplinary academic collaborations will increase the international visibility of art history literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dede Korkut stories are considered among the most fundamental works by many researchers studying Turkish culture. The stories are marked by the repercussions of the cultural elements from varying periods in social life, the admittance and refutation by all the strata of the society from heroes to lower classes, and the included motifs, functions and ideological elements. Having achieved a wide popularity especially in a broad geographical area housing the Turkic people, Dede Korkut is a collection of stories that requires a textual analysis and interpretation as well as an examination by various social sciences and cultural studies owing to its multi-dimensional nature providing data to various disciplines. This article aims to analyse the movie Dədə Qorqud filmed in 1975 in Soviet Azerbaijan and screened in Soviet movie theatres after translated into Russian as Свет погасших костров (The Light of Quenched Hearths) in 1977. Adapted and directed by Tofig Taghizade and written by Anar Rızayev, the movie derives from the script, target audience, the actors and the artistic and political inclinations of the period although it inspires from the book Dede Korkut at large. Recently, there has been an increase in the performing arts and, in particular, movies that originate from the Dede Korkut stories. As the main focus of this study, the movie offers new perspectives to researchers with regard to the analysis of an era since it reflects the cultural policy and ideology of the USSR. We are of the opinion that this paper will contribute to the literature for the folklore studies in Turkey mainly focus on textual analyses and the researches on Turkish folk culture and art in the USSR have received limited interest. This article evaluates the publication process of Dede Korkut in the USSR as well as the cultural policy of the USSR and its impact on the development and transformation of cinema. In this sense, the following study endeavours to expand on the reflections of Soviet ideology in movies by discussing the approaches towards the Dede Korkut stories. After all, the script of the movie was devised not as a mere adaptation but to serve the long-lasting propagandistic activities of the Soviets. Indeed, the analyses under this study indicate that the contents altered during the adaptation process or fabricated in the movie script were used with success in the transmission of the ideological messages of the USSR to the society. The adaptation of the Dede Korkut stories bears significance for applied folklore studies. Ideological ends aside, it can be claimed that the movie supports the representation of the cultural codes and motifs inherent to the Dede Korkut stories. In this respect, further studies by varying disciplines will help to reveal the sphere of influence of the movie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collecting charge through passage of Straits initially began systematically with the Ottoman State. The initial charge collected fort he passage through the Straits was lighthouse service fees. Additionally, health service fees, mooring fees, rescue fees and towage fees were among the initial charges that civil ships had to pay. The number of passages through the Straits sharply increased, especially soon after the Industrial Revolution and the widespread effect of Western capitalism which was bolstred by industrial developments. Contrary to accelerated developments the Ottoman State could not develop and adapt both passage services and newly emerging lighthouse technologies. This incapability led to the granting of the lighthouse service concession in the Straits to a French company, and after that, rescue operations in the Straits were also undertaken by Western countries. In particular, the process of reclaiming the lighthouses concession from French company caused some serious problems, even during the first decades of Republican era. The concession was nationalized a few years after the Montreux Convention with the help of new conditions that emerged at the eve of World War II. In this paper, the granting process of the lighthouse concession to a French company, the problems related to that concession, the process of reclaiming and lighthouse revenues collected through the passage will be analyzed. Additionally, the development process of rescue and health service charges will also be discussed, shedding light on the charging policies for services provided in the Straits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the lifetime of the Prophet, some narrations were occasionally versified with his approval, albeit to a limited extent. Furthermore, it is evident that during the Ottoman period, poets aspired to versify hadiths with the aim of seeking the Prophet’s intercession. This endeavor reflected both religious devotion and a literal perspective in their compositions. The subject of this study is the analysis of the work titled “A Thousand Ahadith Sharḥ” by İsmail Sadık Kemal, which is crafted with the intent of providing commentary on selected narrations from Sahih al-Bukhari. The paper endeavors to ascertain the role of verses, which originated within the realm of uṣul al-hadith sciences and gained prominence in forty hadith literature over time, within the domain of hadith commentary studies. In addition to the formal analysis, including the method and sources employed in the book, a sample narration with normative implications is examined. Furthermore, the status of hadith commentary in verse is discussed utilizing the quantitative analysis method. In this regard, it is observed that out of the 611 narrations in the A Thousand Ahadith Sharḥ, selected from Sahih al-Bukhari, the remainder are chosen from various hadith collections. These narrations are presented in verse format, employing a didactic approach and a literal translation. Moreover, the text is structured as a verse commentary, addressing jurisprudential rulings and incorporating diverse sectarian perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prisons are spaces in which confinement is implemented as a method of punishment. They are typically surrounded by high walls, iron bars, and wire fences and organized into a ward and cell system. Scholarly attention on and studies that address the social–psychological and spatial aspects of human–prison relationships are scant in the Turkish literature. Thus, the current study aims to reveal the prison representations of the three groups: those (i) with prison experience, (ii) without prison experience but are relatives of prisoners, and (iii) without prison experience and prisoner relatives. The study also aims to examine how prison representations are shared or differentiated among these groups. It conducted a field study using the cognitive mapping method and semistructured interviews with 50 participants (18 women, 32 men) from various cities in Turkey selected via the purposeful, snowball, and convenience sampling techniques. In the semistructured interviews, open-ended questions were formulated to elucidate the perceptions, evaluations, and experiences of the participants toward prisons. Using the cognitive mapping technique, the participants draw mental images of prisons on a blank paper. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results demonstrated various commonalities, such as the experience of isolation and the spatial characteristics of prisons in the sociospatial representations of the three groups of participants. However, the findings indicate that the participants exhibit diverse social realities constructed and maintained through their representations of prisons. The primary experiences of, the spatial characteristics of prisons and the production in daily communication channels are important factors in the emergence of these social realities.. Furthermore, the results highlighted the explicit role of the social representation of prisons in forming and perpetuating various social realities within a system that sustains power relation and social inequality. Moreover, the findings illustrated that the cognitive maps reveal the spatial elements of prisons, the contingencies of prisoners, and the social conditions of prisons more clearly than did semistructured interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research that investigated attitudes toward caring for older parents, including filial obligation norms and the intention to support parents in the future. It explores the relationship between these attitudes and cultural values (relatedness and autonomy and instrumental and psychological values of chilldren) and sociodemographic factors (family living situation, maternal and paternal educational levels). This study involved 364 university students who completed the measures of filial obligation norms, intention to support parents in the future, cultural values, value of children, and sociodemographic variables. Results indicated that participants from urban areas were less inclined to endorse material family obligation norms and instrumental and psychological values of children compared with their non-urban counterparts, reflecting lower levels of collectivist tendencies. Moreover, participants with lower maternal educational levels demonstrated higher levels of children’s instrumental value, highlighting their emphasis on intergenerational dependencies. Similarly, those with lower paternal educational levels demonstrated higher endorsement of material and emotional filial obligation norms, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, indicating stronger collectivist tendencies. Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that paternal education level, instrumental and psychological values of children, and relatedness values predicted material filial obligation norms, while psychological values of children and relatedness values predicted emotional filial obligation norms. Furthermore, the intention to support parents in the future was predicted by gender and material filial obligation norms. In the context of relevant literature, the results show a decline in familial and intergenerational collectivist characteristics, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, in Türkiye with socioeconomic development. The intention to support parents in the future was associated with hierarchy-oriented filial obligation norms. These findings are significant for informing family change models and the development of social policies aimed at caring for older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word coincidence, which is frequently encountered and expressed by human beings in their daily lives; It is a concept used in the definition of unplanned, random and instantaneous situations, facts and events. Coincidence, which is encountered in almost every aspect of daily life, has also found its place in the field of art, and has been used by artists as an act of creation in modern art movements, especially since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The inclusion of chance as an element in the act of artistic creation has also gamified this process. The gamification of the creation process contributed to the art creation of the modern period and had important interactions with the subsequent contemporary art process. Original works that emerged as a result of the application of various methods, and visual, stain or formal results achieved by chance at some point, enabled the game to turn into art. The free, enthusiastic, moment-oriented artist, who directs his works by using randomness consciously or instinctively (unconsciously), stains his canvas; He creates improvised practices with splashes, collages by cutting random papers and cardboards, with his body, with the fictions/arrangements he creates indoors or outdoors, or with ready-made objects. Thus, the artist now plays games during the production process of the work, and with the changing understanding of art, art becomes audience-centered, and a 'play friendship' occurs between the artist and the audience, which takes place in the field of play. In the article, the phenomenon of the reflections of the game in artistic action within the scope of art movements developing after modernism was examined within the scope of literature review method and visual research method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing/thawing and conventional refrigerated freezing/thawing at different amplitudes (40%, 70%, 100%) on the quality characteristics of cubed meats were investigated. Analyses were performed on samples thawed in the refrigerator for samples to which ultrasound was applied during the freezing process in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator, and on samples thawed and to which ultrasound was applied during thawing. Although weight loss (7.2.60-8.60%) increased in the samples where ultrasound was applied at 100% amplitude during the freezing and thawing process, lower cooking loss (34.80-38.97%) values were reached in the samples where ultrasound was applied with the thawing process. TBARS values (0.16- 1.05 mg malonaldehyde/kg product) of the meats increased with ultrasound application. For the total colour change values (6.60-15.80) of all samples applied ultrasound, the lowest color change was obtained with ultrasound application at 40% amplitude before and after cooking. According to the textural properties of the meat, it was observed that the hardness (433.81-1455.26 N) and chewiness (140.42-558.92 N) values decreased as the ultrasound amplitude increased. Consequently, the ultrasound process applied to accelerate the freezing and thawing process and to protect the quality of foods had significant effects on the quality characteristics of foods, but the application of ultrasound at 100% amplitude did not provide a significant advantage on the quality characteristics of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative industry workers play a significant role in the growth of urban economy and migration of the creative class (CC) is a major dimension of economic migration in modern economies. Highly talented individuals are more mobile than other workers, and their spatial preferences differ from those of other employees. Many factors influence the migration tendencies of the CC. tolerance, talent, and technology factors (Florida, 2002), determine the attractiveness of cities, and both soft and hard factors can influence locational preferences. Besides better income and living standards, various factors play a role. Quality of Life (QoL) is one of these factors and plays a significant role in locational preferences. This factor creates a magnet-like environment attracting other creative professionals from different cities. In terms of creative sectors, Istanbul holds a significant share. However, recent times display a rising trend of creative migration. This paper intends to analyze migration trends of the CC from Istanbul to Izmir, through the lens of QoL and decipher the reasons why the CC of a leading city in culture and creative industries, migrate to a lower-rank city in cultural economy. The study questions whether the Creative Migration Theory parameters fully explain the local experience (migration from İstanbul to Izmir) by way of investigating migration tendencies of the CC through the indicators of QoL. The research shows that creative migration to Izmir has different reasons and motivations. Findings indicate that the reasons for CC migration from Istanbul to Izmir are related to their satisfaction levels and living standards in terms of social, environmental, economic and physical aspects. Although Izmir does not stand out as an upper-rank city according to the CC Theory and the parameters QoL, it still attracts the CC. in its impact, Izmir constitutes an asymmetric example for mobility of the CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the agenda items and outcomes of the London Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933, convened by the League of Nations with the aim of finding common international solutions to the 1929 World Economic Crisis, in terms of the economic policies pursued in Turkey in the early years of the Republic. During the years of the Great Depression, states were pursuing independent economic policies while struggling against the crisis. However, this not only did not solve the problems, but also deepened the economic crisis. At this point, the conference was expected to end the disagreements between the big powers such as the US, Great Britain and France over monetary policies and customs walls and to take common measures against the global economic crisis. However, the conference failed to reach a consensus on monetary policies and the Customs Truce signed at the conference lasted only a few months. On the other hand, Turkey, one of the participating countries of the conference, kept its customs walls high and adopted an anti-devaluation policy in its monetary policies. In essence, this policy was part of the process that had been operating worldwide after the First World War, to the detriment of the industrialized states in the "center". One of the conclusions of the paper is that the divergence of views at the London Conference gave an advantage to "periphery" countries like Turkey, which wanted to pursue independent economic policies in the international conjuncture. Another conclusion reached in the article is that the process of change in the global economy, which started with the First World War and accelerated with the 1929 Crisis, came to light at the London Conference in 1933. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a high-performance method for designing Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters that effectively control the over-frequency response parameters. The proposed approach involves designing an optimal FIR filter based on an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter, considering various parameters such as pass and stop band ripples, stop band attenuation, transition bandwidth, and linear phase response. The advantages of the IIR filter's better frequency response are utilized in this design. The parameters of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters are optimized using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, incorporating novel fitness functions based on different distance metrics. Visual examination of the filtered signals shows that the proposed algorithm reduces phase delay compared to traditional filters. Additionally, the performance of the designed filter is evaluated by decomposing a sinusoidal signal with four different frequencies into its sub-bands. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves more precise decomposition compared to commonly used traditional filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, effect of small deviations in the parameters that appear either in the definition or determination of a physical problem to the resultant calculated value. Within the study, Perturbation theory and Asymptotic Series expansions have been used as mathematical tools. In this work, perturbation theory has been handled in two alternative ways: numerical and analytical. Electromagnetic waves has been dealed extensively. Electromagnetic propagation equation has been nondimensionalised and presented via asymptotic series approach. Spatial Fourier transformation provides singular perturbation application to the equation. Validity of the solution has been investigated. This manuscript also concerns the electromagnetic feature extraction of the multilayered properties by the inverse scattering theory approach. In this work, in order to characterize the unknown or ambiguous part of the structure, random modeling of the parameters was introduced. Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate the resultant randomness effect. The description of any parameter, including thickness, with any probability density function (pdf) to represent nonnegative/bounded/unbounded cases and any combination of all these parameters, is represented in a framework. Skewness and kurtosis values are added to the output structure in order to lead complex analysis on the output descriptions. In this work, depending on the structure or aim of the analysis, the permittivity or the permeability of a layer is randomized. The overall reflection coefficient is calculated via recursive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]