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Via 1789 French Revolution, it was thought that religion which is dismissed from social life would disappear in modern society over time. However, the question of what will replace this power which has provided the integration of societies for thousand years has pursued its existence as a problematic. Sociology as a new science born in a disrupted social order after the Revolution, will try to produce the knowledge not only of how the society is possible but also of how will the social order be organized. The power that will ensure reconstruction of a social order is actually the “ substitute religion” invented by this new science. The purpose of this paper is to present how the leading theorists of the Enlightenment such as C. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau and Saint -Simon and the French sociology including the perspective of E. Durkheim after approximately a century when A. Comte founded sociology at the beginning of the 19th century have generated this “substitute religion”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]