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The gift tradition is a universal and functional culture pattern that is encountered in all cultures. This tradition has been maintained in both primitive and contemporary cultures. In modern cultures, gift-giving has been offering more opportunities to consumers than previous eras In the gift of gift tradition, it is necessary to be brought together fields such as consumer behavior, history of economy, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and culture in order to be able to examine the behavior of women in buying gifts, giving gifts, and accepting gifts from the others. The purpose of this paper is to try to understand the feelings, thoughts and expectations of women about gift-giving. For this purpose, firstly the concept of gift-giving, and in this direction the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of women in gift-giving were thoroughly examined from the past to the present and new suggestions were made as stated in the results obtained from this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing changes in consumer behavior and expectations over the course of globalization is vital for all firms trying to identify the right market to target, and to develop appropriate marketing strategies, irrespective of whether they serve to local or global markets. This paper investigates whether it is possible to study the behavior of young consumers after dividing them into natural clustered based on their global brand attitudes, global consumption orientation and innovativeness. Based on descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and clustering analysis results obtained from a survey conducted with nearly 600 university students, the study concludes that young consumers could indeed be divided into three different clusters based on the characteristics considered in this research, allowing development of segment-specific marketing tools and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a sustainable life, changing habits of consumers that negatively affect the environment and developing new environmental-friendly behavior is inevitable. The planet that we live in is unique but, it was faced with enormous environmental damages and harmful effects of industrialization and urbanization both yesterday, today and especially tomorrow. Acceptance of environmental friendly life styles by consumers becoming more important every single day due to exceeded carrying capacity of the planet. Therefore, scientific research about behavioral changes for sustainability is nedeed more than today. In this study, community-based social marketing approach was used to improve environmentally-conscious behavior in communities, within the sustainable consumption behavior perspective. The field study is conducted with Çukurova University staff (academiscs and officers). The research was planned as an experimental design, in order to estimate the possible outcomes of community based social marketing (CBSM) implications on a specific community. During this study, to develop environmental-friendly behavior (recycling of waste paper), we determine tangible and intangible barriers and then we eliminate these barriers from the current environment. We have weighed the total waste paper in the garbage and recycled paper before and after the experimental settings and we have compared these measuremnets as a result. The results can be announced as a total success in paper recycling behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers' experience in the retail stores is a relational process which can be explained as their interaction with space, products and the other people. The study which is presented in this paper deals with the relation between "consumption space" and "consumers' behavior" in the framework of "Environment-Behavior Studies" (EB). The purpose of the study is to examine the relation between "architectural layout", "consumer behavior", and "marketing strategies" in retail store spaces. Through the case study, the effect of spatial layout on shopping experience is examined, the impact of configuration on spatial perception, interaction between the customers and products, and buying behavior is discussed. Within the case study which is done in an electronics store, 620 customers' moving patterns in the store, and their interactions with products were observed by using "observation with cameras" and "space syntax" methods. By means of four parameters which are determined in the scope of this study; the characteristics of different points within the store space are defined, and the effects of these defined characteristics on consumer perception and consumer behavior are introduced upon measurable data by comparison of these parameters. Study tries to understand the effect of architectural space on consumer perception and customer-product interaction depending upon layout configuration and space organization; and discusses the possibility of its definition as a part of the marketing strategy. In this study, the effects of the architectural layout on consumer behavior are discussed in the framework of the conceptual model. In electronics stores, while customers are making desicions of where to go, meanwhile they try to get information about the products they will purchase or examine. Therefore, they are not only in close relation with the physical environment, but also with the product itself. The electronics store which is selected to investigate the underlined issues and their relationships is "Tekno-SAIstinye" store, which is located inside of the Istinye Shopping Mall in Istanbul, and is one of the 230 stores of this institutional brand. The case study was carried out in four stages, which are explained below; • "EPartition Line" and "Isovist" analyses were applied by "Space Syntax" method to find out the configurational properties of space (Information about epartition lines was obtained by activating a space syntax software called "Spatialist" of Georgia Tech. Univ., USA). • Analysis of the "Architectural Layout" was used to determine different "Locational Values" of the retail store. • The method of observation by means of "camera records" was used to present the frequency and duration of "interaction" between the customer and product. • Data accessed from the archives of marketing department were used to reveal the quantity of sold products and to discover the "Consuming Value". The outcomes obtained from the four stages of analysis provided definitions of different points' characteristics of space. Results show that spatial layout of the retail store affect spatial perception and consumer behavior. It's found that more products were purchased from more integrated spaces of the store. Surprisingly no interrelation was found between interaction with product and integration of spaces. It's suggested that general location (locational value) in terms of entrance location and cashbox location may be more affective than integration of different points in layout. In this sense, perception level of the store affects consumer behavior depending on architectural configuration and spatial layout. Results of this study provide clues about the relation between architectural configuration and inner-shopping behavior. By means of this study, a conceptual framework is created which combined the fields of "Architectural Design", "Consumer Behavior Studies" and "Marketing Strategies". This study aims to fill the gap in the literature that is about effect of architectural layout on shopping behavior and experience, and discusses the efficiency of architectural layout on the interaction of consumer and retail store spaces. Besides, the exploration of the relations between underlined concepts come into question for understanding the architectural design performance of consumption spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major sources of consumer level brand consumption data in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is the household consumer panels maintained by individual organizations. Consumer panels are capable of keeping histories of purchases for a sample of households. Household panel data is collected via barcode scanner technologies in the developed countries. Data collected by the optical scanning of Universal Product Code permits researchers study the effects of marketing variables on customer choice among product alternatives since the mid-1980s and many dozens of papers are published on brand and retailer choice issues since then. Employing scanner technology, panel organizations does not require its members to record all the items they purchase in a shopping trip, as their panel ID cards are scanned during the payment process at checkout. Building cooperation with the retailer companies, scanner panels are able to provide price and promotion data for all the products (in a given product category) without the necessity of being purchased. On the other hand, due to the high levels of technology costs, the household level panel information in developing markets is primarily gathered using the diary mode. It is believed that, in this mode of data collection, both the reliability and the scope of information collected from the panellists are still scarce compared to their scanner type counterparts in more developed markets. One of the important problems of diary mode data is the lack of complete price information. In diary mode panel organizations, households only record the prices of the products they purchase. As it is impossible for a shopper to list the prices of all the products in the product categories (of which the shopping basket includes an item), diary mode household panels are not capable of conducting complete price data in a given product category. As the brand choice models literature using household panel data mostly stands upon the unit prices of the products purchased and their alternatives displayed on shelves, there is a gap of modelling research in the developing markets in which consumer panel measurements are made based on diary mode. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to establish an efficient brand choice model based on diary mode household panel data from the Turkish carbonated soft drinks market. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender is frequently used as a basis for segmentation for a significant proportion of products and services. Men and women are different is commonly accepted in most societies, and a host of social and biological factors seem to drive these differences. Sex differences might also exist in hemispheric lateralization, such that male brains are more functionally lateralized and female brains are more integrated. However, an important marketing question is whether such differences translate into consistent differences in the processing and evaluation of marketing. For this reason, it is important for marketers to understand differences between consumer groups such as men and women. This paper reviews male consumers' purchasing behaviors and presents marketing strategies to male consumers for the enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of the selling point promotional tools such as, discount coupons, price discount, free sample, buy-one-get-one-free , and in-store display on the purchase behaviours of East Blacksea Region consumers on low involvement products. Whether there were potential significant differences according to demographic factors by the impact of the sales promotional tools on consumers' purchase behaviours or not were also investigated in the paper. A total of 404 consumers in the East Blacksea Region were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Finally, the results show that the sales promotional tools such as discount coupons, price discounts, free samples and buy-one-get-one-free were associated with the purchase behavior of low involvement products, where it is understood that in-store display application does not have any significant effect on it. The research that was limited with only one category of product (low involvement products) was considered to investigate in the further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]