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At the beginning of the 20th century in India, living conditions were quite harsh for about 60 million Muslims. With the British taking over the land where they lived in dominant position for centuries, they suffered a great loss of prestige and found themselves in a troubled period both politically and economically. Perceived as principal responsible for the Mutinity in 1857, the Muslim people and ulama were increasingly oppressed by the British. Under these circumstances, a few prominent Muslim scholars who were looking for a way out thought that traditional Islamic approaches could not cure the troubles of Indian Muslims and put forward some ideas to foster reformist ideas in Islam. These discourses outside of the traditional stereotypes caused various reactions among the Muslims, as well as among some missionaries. In order to understand how these reformist movements that emerged in India were perceived by missionaries, it would be appropriate to look at the conference papers read at the missionary conferences held in Cairo in 1906 and in Lucknow in India in 1911. Since these conferences are closed-circuit organizations where missionaries can present their views open-heartedly, there is no doubt about the accuracy and validity of the information provided. The missionaries who made presentations about India at these conferences evaluated the new Islamic approaches in India in their own way. In this article, the comments of Protestant missionaries about the situation of Muslims living in India at the beginning of the 20th century are discussed in various aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the arrival of the Ghaznavids to North India, which has been among the lands that many states and nations wanted to have since ancient times, the Muslim population started to increase rapidly. Muslim Turks in these lands preferred education in order to spread of Islam. The education system, which started with the Ghaznavids in the Indian subcontinent and was mostly religious, was maintained regularly with the Ghurids, Delhi Turkish Sultanate, Kalacs, Tugluks, Mughal, Nizamşahs, Kutubşahs and Adilşahs. During this time period, which is called as the "Golden Age of the Turks in India", Baburid women have always been at the top with their political authorities, education they received, literary works they brought to their period, public schools and constructions in addition to the charity and trade they carried out in this geography. In this paper, especially the studies about the period were examined and the education in the first Turkish societies was briefly mentioned, and especially the education in the first Muslim Turkish states in the Indian geography, under the subheadings of "The Basis of Education in the Baburs", "The Baburid Rulers Who Directed Education" and the Education of the Baburid Palace Women" Their contribution to education and training will be mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibetan medicine is one of the five major sciences, called gSoba Rig-pa, the science of healing, originating some 2500 years ago. Despite their exile, Tibetans have preserved the teachings in Dharmsala, India, including the seven-year training course necessary for becoming a doctor of Tibetan medicine. An essential aspect of the science is in the analysis, diagnosis and treatment of a person's condition, which rely principally on urine, pulse and tongue diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the philosophy, principles and practices of Tibetan medicine and its view on health and how imbalances are expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the achievements and activities of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA) of the United States. IWRA has achieved considerable landmarks in the year 2005. The Association has leaped forward despite major water disasters in the world starting with South Asian Tsunami and the major damage of Hurricanes in the United States and the persistent drought in Africa. The Association has also completed the 12th World Water Congress in New Delhi, India. Around 500 participants from 50 countries attended the conference. They presented some 200 papers and key note addresses focusing on the contemporary water issues of the day. In this conference, the members of the Association added several special sessions to highlight specific regional water issues of interest to all the participants. It was a learning experience for all the participants. The occasion was accompanied by an excellent dose of cultural events and surrounded with traditional Indian hospitality. Apart from the New Delhi conference IWRA has sponsored and co-sponsored several events in the United States, Finland, Sweden, Italy, Egypt, China and elsewhere to strengthen the dialogue on water issues across the world.