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Development strategies of economic policy area stress the ever increasing significance of local development day by day. Local development initiatives have come fore following the thought that local structures and processes maximize the positive effects of globalization while they also minimize its adverse effects at the same time. The relationship between local development and employment creation can be explained by industrial ties and multiplier theory. The theory puts forward that a factor that cause local multiplier effect with respect to employment not only leads to employment increase in its own industry but also in other industries as well. Contrary to employment creation, informal employment is a threat for local economy. Because, it does not match up with the goals of local development since it is common in urban areas and potentially obtain workforce from communities which are aimed at for local development. Informal employment is discussed under the concept of non-standard employment. Non-standard working population also refers to individuals with the potential of working in informal economy. This paper aims to discuss local development by conceptually and theoretically while it attempts to demonstrate the role of local development strategies in increasing employment and decreasing informal employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compensation hypothesis which focuses on the effects of globalization has been studied in the literatüre. The purpose of this paper is to test whether there is an evidence of compensation hypothesis in Euro countries. Therefore we examines the causal relationship between trade openness and government size in a panel of 15 selected Euro countries from 1971 to 2011. We used panel causality test which is based on Meta analysis in heterogeneous mixed panels. Empirical results indicate one-way causality from trade openness to government size for 15 Euro countries. That is, compensation hypothesis is valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road transport infrastructure is of great importance for economic growth, consumer welfare and national competitiveness. The financing of roads is a major issue in all countries. Over the past two decades the view about the economic nature of roads has evolved. In the past roads have generally been considered as public goods, financed through national government taxes. After globalization this view has changed. Public goods in general and in particular roads should be based more on the user pay principle in the age of globalization. The purpose of this paper is to summarise methods of financing roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With globalization, immigrant mobility has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the studies that reveal the effects of immigration especially on bilateral trade have accelerated. There are results that related to international immigration influence international trade positively through various channels. In this paper, it's aimed to determine whether the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries effect the Turkey's exports and if so, to explain the direction of this effect. To this end, for the year 2009, countries that have more than 500 Turkish Republic citizen and Turkey's exports of consumption goods to these countries were used. The results show that an increase in the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries increase the exports of consumption goods to these countries through the preference effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]