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Soon after the Declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy on July 24th 1908, in the Ottoman Empire, there appeared numerous newly printed magazines and newspapers in a great freedom atmosphere that they performed an important function for illuminating the Ottoman public and raising the level of knowledge and culture of its people. One of the newspapers published in this period was Tonguç [Tonghidje]. Only 36 issues were published from 24 February 1909 to 1 April 1909 by Mirza Sait Bey and also followed very closely, and with a great interest, in territories like places where Crimean Turks living in Romania, where the Muslim Turks were largely settled. Literary genres, such as a series of articles, poetry, letters, as well as summary reports related to Europe, Balkans and Islamic World were also published in the newspaper. In addition, in order to increase the level of knowledge and culture of people, news and topics, health, agriculture, gardening and farming were published in the newspaper. Magazines and newspapers were very important in order to understand the era from the Declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy to the New Republic. The newspaper Tonguç had important functions to unify and shed light to the press history of Ottoman Era. In other words, Tonguç could be seen as a mirror reflecting the problems of the public facing inside and outside of the Ottoman Empire. With this article the Tonguç as one of the the newspapers introduced after the Declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy, was studied very first time and evaluated what it had meant for Müslim Turks in Romanian territories at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of religion is one of the most important spiritual values used in wars. It attributes a sacred meaning to wars. Thus, the army has been fighting with a greater enthusiasm. Moreover, the people are integrated and identified with the army. This motivating effect of religion over the wars has been accepted by all states in the world. Therefore, somehow all states have excessively utilized the phenomenon of religion in wars. The Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) also was aware of this phenomenon from the beginning of the National Struggle. The phenomenon of religion was used in Inönü wars and Sakarya war. It was tried to get the support of Turkish nation and also the whole Islamic world. In particular, the press had become an important tool in achieving this revival of the religious feelings. Thus, not only by Turks, all of the Islamic World gave financial and moral support to the Great Offensive. The phenomenon of religion contributed to victory in the Great Offensive in terms of financial, moral and political aspects. In this study it will be examined the impacts of the Islamic religion on the Great Offensive. The newspaper and magazine archives and the state archival documents are going to be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]