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Istanbul is an important city that carries the traces of numerous civilizations throughout history, having a strategic location and a rich cultural heritage. It has served as the capital of great civilizations, a crossroads of trade routes, and a melting point of diverse cultures. It has been a destination for many travelers over the centuries. Travelers and visitors to Istanbul have aimed to explore the unique atmosphere. Additionally, the city has captured the interest of significant statesmen, writers, artists, and scholars. The recurring visits by Hungarians to Istanbul during the late 19th century are a manifestation of this interest. These visits often transcended mere tourism, acquiring a distinct dimension with the personal receptions by state dignitaries and their accompanying of the visitors. Moreover, owing to the evolving relations between the Ottoman Empire and Hungary, Hungarian visitors enjoyed a privileged position compared to visitors from other countries. Thus, they had the opportunity to thoroughly explore Istanbul’s history and cultural fabric. They have experienced a distinctive Istanbul journey by visiting significant offices of the Ottoman Empire. Towards the end of the century, Hungarian interest in Istanbul became evident through organized journeys. They conveyed their experiences and impressions during trips to the Hungarian press. The impressions conveyed to the Hungarian media, coupled with thoughts about the Turks and Istanbul, fostered a deeper sense of intimacy between the two nations. Additionally, the accounts of these travelers offer diverse perspectives on Istanbul’s political, social, and cultural life. This study focuses on the visits of Hungarians to Istanbul during the period of II. Abdulhamid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albanians with a predominantly Muslim population, had the privilige of being one of the ruling-nations of the Ottoman Empire alongside the Turks for five centuries. While Türkiye, under the leadership of Atatürk, followed a completely independent policy after the establishment of the republic in 1923, Albania, in the absence of a leader like Atatürk, made concessions to Italy and under the influence of that country transformed from Republic to a Kingdom. The Italians prevented Albania from joining the Balkan Pact, and later on invaded the country. Zog, the King of Albania abandoned his crown and his throne with his two-days-old son and his post-partum wife and sought refuge first in Greece and then in Türkiye. The original contribution of this article to the literature lies in the fact that it is the first work to examine the two-months long (May 03-July 01, 1939) forced stay of the deposed King in Turkey. Since no documents can be found either in the Turkish Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Republican Archives of the State Archives on King's forced stay in Turkey, this study is based on the articles published in the Turkish newspapers of the era. This study is limited to King Zog's asylum in Turkey, and do not discuss issues such as the reflections of the occupation of Albania on the Turkish press or Turkish foreign policy, as they are the subject of other scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secularity-oriented domestic policies adopted by CHP (the Republican People's Party) regime, which held the power in Turkey until 1950 following the death of Atatürk, caused a state of unrest among the vast majority of Anatolian public. The strict economic measures taken across the nation during the World War II weighed down on the public. Having the particular support of the conservative population of Anatolian public engaged in farming, the Democrat Party came into power on May 14, 1950. In addition to these developments, the demands of the Soviet Union against Turkey's territorial integrity and sovereignty resulted in the improvement of Turkey-U.S. relations. During this period of improved bilateral relations, the U.S. press often included the news about the Democrat Party's actions, Adnan Menderes and Turkey-U.S. relations. Our aim in this study is to discuss the ascension to power of the Democrat Party in economic, political and religious aspects, and to set out the ever-growing Turkey-U.S. relations against the Soviet threat and the reflections of these relations on the U.S. press in the light of the Prime Ministry Republic Archives and the New Times newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrimony, which provides a basis for family and population policies, has frequently occupied the agenda of the country since the War of Independence. Incentivizing bachelors to get married has been considered among the measures to be taken for the purpose of increasing the population. In this sense, the first legislative proposal with regards to collecting tax on celibacy was made on the date of October 19\ 1920 by Canik Parliamentarian Hamdi Bey. Subsequent to the proposal submitted by Hamdi Bey, the "The legislative proposal regarding the Compulsory Marriage"by Erzurum Parliamentarian Salih Efendi was made on February 22"' 1921. Although these proposals had not been validated by the Parliament, such actions show us the efforts in increasing the population of the country in the early years of the Republic. Following the foregoing proposals, Süleyman Sırrı İçöz, who was the Parliamentarian of Yozgat, had brought his proposal regarding the "Tax on Celibacy "to the agenda of the Parliament on March 18f\ 1929. Although the said proposal initially had a broad repercussion in the press, the Parliament failed to pass it. The proposal made by Mr. İçöz was later repeated in 1931, 1940, and 1944 with several amendments. The celibacy Tax proposals, its respective contents and the repercussions of the said in the press will be elaborated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

April 23,1921,declared as the first festival of the new Turkish state, National Sovereignity Festival was first celebrated in Ankara on April 23,1922.with children's attendance at the celebrations and the support of president Mustafa Kemal,the managers of The Patronage of Children Association began to gather aid on behalf of the association on April 23 ,1923. At the celebrations of 1924,with Latife Hanım's being a representative of The Patronage of Children Association and the openly support of President Mustafa Kemal, National Sovereignity festival on april 23 was called as 'Children's Day' or 'Children 's Festival' after 1925's. The main purpose of "Children Festival" was solving the problems of children such as child mortality rather than amusing children for a few days. Before 1927,although April 23 was called as such concepts "Child Day" , "Children Day" and "Children Festival", the first comprehensive children festival celebration started on April 23,1927. With the support of Mustafa Kemal and the government, "Children Festival" was extended from one day to seven days with the name of "Children Week" and Turkish Culture Society played active role at the celebrations. With Ministry of Education's organization, Childrens Week was celebrated all over the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It could be observed that Turkish Republic in its early stage of foundation was faced with the threat of Kurdish activities. As is known, the first and the biggest Kurdish rebellion was the Sheik Sait Rebellion (13 February- 15 April 1925). Even though the rebellion that was incited for the aim of annexation of Musul to the then English mandate, Iraq, and that expanded over a vast geography in a rather short time was suppressed, the unease in the territory kept going on for the next four years. The hiding of Yusuf Çato and his band in the Agri uplands in May 1926 after crossing the Iran border and stealing the animals of the villages in Beyazid led to the outbreak of a series of events known as "Agri rebellions" that continued until the 1930s. The Dersim Rebellion that started with the demolition of a bridge on Tunceli-Erzincan road by Haydaran and Demanan tribes on 21 March 1937 went on until 1938. The rebellions in the east of Turkey aroused great interest throughout the world. One of the countries that paid attention to the rebellions and followed up the matter closely was the United States of America. In this study, how the Eastern Rebellions were perceived and interpreted by the press of the US will be strived to examine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policies that Democrat Party carried out especially after 1957 elections has been much criticized until today. In that period the relations between the government and the opposition became considerably tense. İnönü, leader of CHP, engaged in hard opposition activities against DP and collaborated with other parties. DP government made some anti-democratic laws sequentially in order to hinder the opposition and the press. As the economic difficulties and anxieties increased, the government became more aggressive. In consequence of political crisis, social polarization and student activities the military seized power on 27th May 1960. In this article, political activities of the 5th Menderes Government and their place in Turkish political life will be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]