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Conflicts between Arab regimes and peoples, conceptualized as a “spring” phenomenon, started with the demand for change in the name of freedoms and economic prosperity. The Arab Spring showed its most devastating effects in revolutionary-republican countries. It continued for a short time in Tunisia and Egypt, and was shaped according to internal power dynamics. The long-lasting spring in Libya and Syria has drawn regional and global powers into the process. While the people-regime conflicts’ security and humanitarian dimensions pulled Turkey into the process, it opened a new door for Iran’s sectarian expansionism. Thus, the question that comes to mind is how these foreign policy initiatives of Turkey and Iran, which were involved in the spring process for different reasons, were perceived in the Arab press. In this article, multiple methods are used as content analysis (CA) and discourse analysis (DA) have been applied on the data extracted from the samples of Arab newspapers. As analysis units, columns have been chosen over framed news from the newspapers. Mainly nationalist and Islamist columnists have covered Turkish-Iranian foreign policy initiatives regarding the Arab Spring. The nationalist discourse is expressed as ‘neither the Turkish Sultan nor the Iranian Mullah.’ The tone of Islamist columnists on the issue is much lower. While conditionally accepting the Turkish model of political Islam, Islamists have suggested that a Sunni alliance must stop Iran’s sectarian expansionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the frames in which the Arab - Israeli normalization is presented to the public in the Middle Eastern press. The main purpose of the study is to determine the similarities and differences of the regional powers framing methods of the normalization attempt, and to discover if there is a casual relationship between framing methods and the countries foreign policies. In this direction, the study adopts the "framing" approach as the conceptual basis. For this research, data collection technique and discourse analysis were chosen as qualitative methods in order to analyze the data. The scope of the research consists of news from the media of four regional powers; Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Egypt from August 13, 2020, the day when the joint declaration was signed, to September 15, 2020, the day when the Abraham Accords were signed. The main argument of the study is that the Arab-Israeli normalization is presented in the Middle Eastern media in a reconstructed way, and the regional powers foreign policy determines the way in which the news are framed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It could be observed that Turkish Republic in its early stage of foundation was faced with the threat of Kurdish activities. As is known, the first and the biggest Kurdish rebellion was the Sheik Sait Rebellion (13 February- 15 April 1925). Even though the rebellion that was incited for the aim of annexation of Musul to the then English mandate, Iraq, and that expanded over a vast geography in a rather short time was suppressed, the unease in the territory kept going on for the next four years. The hiding of Yusuf Çato and his band in the Agri uplands in May 1926 after crossing the Iran border and stealing the animals of the villages in Beyazid led to the outbreak of a series of events known as "Agri rebellions" that continued until the 1930s. The Dersim Rebellion that started with the demolition of a bridge on Tunceli-Erzincan road by Haydaran and Demanan tribes on 21 March 1937 went on until 1938. The rebellions in the east of Turkey aroused great interest throughout the world. One of the countries that paid attention to the rebellions and followed up the matter closely was the United States of America. In this study, how the Eastern Rebellions were perceived and interpreted by the press of the US will be strived to examine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]