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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are those that form the water as the only by-product that directly and efficiently converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy; it is a technology that has the potential to reduce our energy use, pollutant emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. PEM fuel cells, which have started commercializing as a result of long years of research and development, still have difficulties to overcome to be an alternative to traditional technologies. In order to overcome the difficulties such as sustainability, durability and cost, the detailed study of PEM fuel cells’ working principle, thermodynamics, and the tasks of the ongoing research studies; In addition, potential development areas should be known and development activities should continue in this direction. In the compilation study, in addition to the detailed examination of the theory of PEM fuel cell; information on ongoing studies in the world literature has been given and the areas of application that have been in place since the discovery date are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]