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Myopathy and pseudohypertrophy of muscles accompanied by acquired or congenital hypothyroidism is called Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome. Kocher-Debre-Seimelaigne syndrome is a rare disorder which is often presented by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, accompanied by polymyositis, pseudohypertrophy in muscles, muscle rigidity, involuntary muscle contractions, exercise intolerance, myxedema, failure to thrive and neuromuscular findings like cretinism. In thus case report, we present a 5-year-old girl with delayed diagnosis of hypothyroidism and poor compliance to treatment. We suspected Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome when she developed difficulty in climbing stairs and walking. She had bilateral pseudohypertrophy of gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles of the lower extremities, elevation in serum creating kinase levels and physical examination findings relevant with myopathy as hypoactive deep tendon reflexes. It was emphasized that this syndrome should not to be overlooked in cases with pseudohypertrophy due to hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of snoring in children younger than 18 years of age and to identify associated risk factors and complications in a population based study. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Manisa, Turkey. Questionnaires about snoring and associated risk factors were applied to 650 children who were determined using cluster sampling method (339 females, 311 males). Results: Prevalence of habitual snoring was 4.9%. Current history of wheezing or allergic rhinitis increased the odds of habitual snoring 3.1 times when compared to children without current wheezing (p=0.006; OR: 3.11, 95%CI: 1.3-7.3 and p=0.002; OR: 3.11, 95%CI: 1.5-6.6 respectively). Grade 3 tonsil hypertrophy increased odds of habitual snoring 22.5 times compared to no tonsil hypertrophy (p<0.001; OR: 22.4, 95%CI: 6.0-83.9). Nighttime symptoms like apnea were more frequent in habitual snorers when compared to non-snorers (28.1% vs 3.6%; p<0.001; OR: 10.5, 95%CI: 4.3-25.6). Conclusions: Current wheezing, allergic rhinitis and tonsil hypertrophy are significant risk factors for habitual snoring. Therefore, children with these disorders need to be assessed for snoring that may influence their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long standing hypothyroidism without therapy leads to myopathy which is associated with proximal muscle weakness, fatigue, exertional pain, pseudohypertrophy due to myoedema, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and stiffness in muscles. Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome is a specific, rare form of hypothyroid myopathy, which causes hypertrophy of muscles. In this article, we emphasized hypothyroid myopathy by reporting a-13 4/12-year old girl with short stature who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism due to thyroid aplasia that caused pseudohypertrophy of muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]