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Aim: Obesity is a more common and important health problem in childhood. We aimed to determine sociodemographic and clinical factors contributing weight loss. Material and Methods: Medical records of 120 obese patients (6-18 years old) applied at least twice for follow-up between 2012 ( January)-2016 (September) were reviewed. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, family obesity, comorbidities, medications, operations, exercise frequency, screen time, physical examination findings and biochemical/hormone values [thyroid hormone, fasting insulin/glucose, cholesterol levels, Homeostasis model assesment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance test results (if applied) were recorded. Patients with a difference between the initial and last body mass index standart deviation higher than -0.2 were defined as "the good losing weight" group; the rest as "the poorly losing weight" group. The SPSS 22.0 program was used for analyzes. Results: Puberty stage showed a significant difference (p=0,019); 65% of patients in the poorly losing weight group but 54% of other group were at stage 4-5 . The initial body mass index standart deviation and exercise frequency were higher in the good losing weight group, the last measured body mass index standart deviation was lower (p=0). In the other group, baseline HOMA-IR was higher (p=0.037); there were more metformin-initiated patients but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We observed that exercise frequency was higher in cases with good weight loss; therefore, we consider that increasing physical activity is an important step. Other crucial outcomes are that the initial body mass index standart deviation is higher while HOMA-IR is lower in those cases and that puberty stage is higher in poorly weight losing patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on metabolic syndrome and insuline resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and Methods: This study evaluated retrospectively with 30 patients who received OSAS diagnosis following polysomnography between the years January 2016 - January 2017, whose Respiratory Disturbance Index were above 15, and who were between the ages of 18-78, having no diabetes, chronic liver and kidney disease, malignancy and mental retardation. The anthropometric measures and blood values of these patients before the CPAP treatment and 3 months afterwards were evaluated in their controls. The effect of CPAP treatment on metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance assessed by homeostatic model assessment index was investigated Results: It has been observed that the body mass index (BMI) decreases significantly following the CPAP treatment. No significant changes were found in the anthropometric measurements including the neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip ratios as well as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome parameters (before of treatment BMI: 31.33±5.58, post treatment BMI: 30.83±7.13, p=0.03). The ESS evaluating the subjective daytime sleepiness following the CPAP treatment has decreased significantly. Conclusion: Although this study didn't improve insulin resistance with assessed homeostatic model assessment, and metabolic syndrome, a significant improvement in BMI and ESS was demonstrated in post treatment. Long-term studies with more cases and with high compliance are needed to demonstrate the effects of CPAP treatment on metabolic syndrome in OSAS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and design: In this study, we aimed to identify whether there was an association of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in reproductive women. Materials and methods: We investigated insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which is known to be associated with insulin-resistance, in 55 females with AGA (Ludwig I and above) who were under 45 years of age and 50 age-matched woman without AGA. We used homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) to identify insulin resistance. The cut-off value for HOMA was accepted as 2.7. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was established using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Results: Serum fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in females with AGA than in controls (p<0.05). According to HOMA index, insulin resistance was determined in 11 of 55 (20%) patients in the AGA group, whereas it was identified in only 6 of 50 (12%) controls. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The two groups were also compared for the levels of QUICKI. The mean levels of QUICKI in patient control groups were 0.36±0.04 and 0.36±0.03, respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Finally, when the two groups were assessed according to the NCEP ATP III-criteria, metabolic syndrome was identified in 5 out of the 55 (9.1%) patients in the AGA group whereas none of participants had metabolic syndrome in control group. The difference between these groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, it was shown that there was no significant relationship of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with AGA in women. (Turkderm 2015; 49: 134-8) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Telmisartan has been reported to increase insulin sensitivity by acting as a partial PPAR-gamma agonist, regardless of its reninangiotensin system inhibition, but losartan has no such activity. In this study, we compared the effects of telmisartan and losartan on insulin sensitivity among type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Method: Age-, sex- and weight-matched patients, who had been on telmisartan or losartan treatment for at least 3 months, were included. Their anthropometric measurements were performed, blood pressures were recorded. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for analyzing the levels of glucose, HbA1C, insulin and adiponectin. HOMA-IR was calculated. An euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure was performed in each subject and M index was calculated. Thereafter, telmisartan and losartan were withdrawn in both groups. A cross-over design was planned; following a wash-out period of 15 days, losartan group (Group 1) was given telmisartan 80 mg/day, telmisartan group (Group 2) was administered losartan 50 mg/day. After 12 weeks of therapy, all measurements, calculations and the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were re-performed. Results: General characteristics of the patients at inclusion were similar. Nine cases in group 1 and 8 cases in Group 2 concluded the follow-up. In Group 1, among all follow-up parameters, only weight exhibited a significant decrease at final evaluation (p=0,034). In Group 2, only M value was found to increase (p=0,028). Discussion: Our findings indicated that losartan improved insulin sensitivity in patients with concomitant hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and telmisartan use resulted in more weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin resistance can be broadly defined as a subnormal biological response to endogenous or exogenous insulin. This definition may pertain to many biological actions of insulin in many tissues of the body. Insulin is essential for normal growth and development; and for normal homeostasis of glucose, fat and protein metabolism. Understanding the signaling patways involved in insülin action could lead to a beter understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance has an important role in the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been shown to be associated with prevalent atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Thus the recognition of insulin resistance seems to have clinical relevance in identifying subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes and/ or cardiovascular disease. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in insulin action could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]