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Pectobacterium spp. are ubiquitous bacterial plant pathogens with a wide host range which cause soft rot disease on the invaded plant tissue. This study aimed to isolate the bacterial soft rot disease agents belonging to Pectobacterium spp. on potato tubers delivered for consumption in the local bazaar, grocery and markets in the Center district of Yozgat province and Kaman district of Kırşehir province of Turkey between 2018 and 2019. Local bazaar, market and grocery stores were surveyed and 168 potato tubers were collected. The humidity cell test was performed to investigate the presence of pectinolytic bacteria in asymptomatic and soft rotted potato tubers. Bacterial isolation from 54 different soft rotted tuber slices was performed on Crystal Violet Pectate (CVP) medium. A total of 42 bacterial isolates, that formed pits on CVP medium, were obtained following isolation. Among these, 27 isolates were observed to have shiny, transparent, irregular, crater-shaped colony morphology on Nutrient Agar (NA) plates. All isolates were gram and oxidase negative, catalase-positive, facultative anaerobe, non-fluorescent morphological characteristics and caused soft rot on potato tuber slices. Following PCR analysis, 19 of 54 symptomatic tuber samples were determined as infected by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (9 isolates), P. atrosepticum (6 isolates) and Pectobacterium spp. (4 isolates). In 8 of 114 asymptomatic tuber samples, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (5 isolates), P. atrosepticum (2 isolates) and P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (1 isolate) were determined as responsible agents of latent infections. The presence of Pectobacterium isolates in the stored potato tubers brought for consumption suggests the pathogen can be transferred to different regions. Potato tubers offered for sale for consumption are thought to be an important inoculum source for the transfer of Pectobacterium isolates to disease-free areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is not only a valuable spice plant of Mediterranean and Europe but it has used for aroma and medicinal purposes in foods and industries respectively. Fennel production is common in Burdur province and its districts. However, last year and this year, fennel production areas were infected with a fungal disease. Fennel producers have brought samples to our laboratory. For this reason, studies have been conducted to diagnose the disease causing fungus, Koch postulates were conducted and appropriate management methods for the disease were recommended. Microscopic studies have revealed that a fungal pathogen, Cercosporidium punctum is the causal agent of the disease on fennel plants. The symptoms appear as blight on plant tissues. The fungal spores are able to cause epidemics under suitable high temperature and humidity conditions. The Cercosporidium blight disease should be controlled by using disease free seeds, disease-resistant varieties and appropriate cultural management methods. The development of the disease should be suppressed with cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the growing season of 2007, surveys carried on in eight important plum-producer counties (Central Country, Ýncirliova, Köþk, Nazilli, Buharkent, Çine, and Bozdoðan) of Aydýn Province revealed that plum rust was found in most of the orchards ( 88%). The highest mean disease severity (82.3 lesions per leaf) was found in Ýncirliova County. Of two plum varieties commonly grown in the Province, 'Papaz' was found to be heavily infected and exhibited severe premature defoliation; however 'Bekiroðlu' showed less disease severity and lower leaf fall In 2008, monitoring changes of rust severity throughout the season revealed that the severity was low from mid-May to early-June and sharply increased in late-June, July and August. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, production of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate by Rhizobium strains which are isolated from the soil sample obtained from different regions of Elazig province using Plant Infection Method was studied. Rhizobium strains were grown in Yeast Extract Mannitol medium at 28 °C for 48 hours. After incubation period cultures were cenrifugated and biomass which are obtained were dried. After dry cell weight had been measured, PHB were obtained by ultrasonication. PHB is converted to crotonic acid by using sulfiric acid. The amount of the last substance is measured by using UV spectrophotometer at 235 nm. Dry cell weight of R. phaseoli CIAT 899 is measured as 0,2016 g/l. The measurement of dry cell weight of R. phaseoli isolates is between 0,0982-0,2424 g/l. Dry cell weight of R. leguminosarum Le 735 is measured as 0,2834 g/l. The measurement of dry cell weight of R. leguminosarum isolates is between 0,2544-0,4424 g/l. Amount of PHB produced by R. phaseoli CIAT 899 according to dry cell weight was 23,03%. The amount of PHB produced by R. phaseoli isolates was 17,23%- 26,04%. Amount of PHB produced by R. leguminosarum Le 735 according to dry cell weight was 18,91%. The amount of PHB produced by R. leguminosarum isolates was 8,69%-14,65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]