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Avocado is a tropical fruit that stands out with its rich nutrient composition and significant oil content. In addition to its consumption as a fresh fruit, the supply and demand for avocado-containing products in the daily diet are increasing. Along with the studies investigating the nutritional value and benefits of avocado, the amount of its production and new uses are increasing day by day. The most important problems in the processing of avocados are the rapid color change of the fruit and its short shelf life due to physical, chemical and microbiological factors. The impact of these problems can be reduced by subjecting fruits to applications such as heat treatment, low temperature conditioning, surface coating, modified/controlled atmosphere and use of 1-methylcyclopropene before processing. Good quality and processable avocado fruits are processed into oil, guacamole, puree, sauce, fresh slices, dried or frozen products, depending on the target market and using appropriate technologies. In this review, the avocado-based product market, which is formed by processing avocado fruits with certain quality criteria and continues to develop day by day, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, demand for minimally processed fresh fruits and vegetables has been increasing. Non-thermal methods are applied to maintain freshness of these foods and to ensure microbiological safety. As a non-thermal technology and alternative to chlorine, UV-C light is used to inactivate microorganisms on the surface of foods. However, the effectiveness of this application is limited due to certain factors such as surface properties of food and low penetration depth of UV-C. Studies on the combined use of UV-C with water, called water assisted UV-C (WUV-C), have been carried out to minimize the effect of these factors. Studies have shown that WUV-C treatment is more effective for the decontamination of microorganisms inoculated onto the surface of food compared to the UV-C system. In this study, the investigations on the use of WUV-C system for decontamination of fresh fruits and vegetables were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, capacity utilization of tourism business-certified accommodation facilities divided into regions according to the Classification of Accommodation Facilities Regional Units of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has been examined by Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Scale Efficiency and Pure Technical Efficiency change. The research covers the four years between 2014 and 2017. The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index approach was used in the analysis. The findings show that in 2014-2017, the capacity utilization of the hospitality sector has a downward trend in TFP. In this case, policymakers and investors should focus on the factors that are driving the TFP increase. The increase of TFP will be possible in the hospitality sector by improving and developing appropriate production technologies. In addition, it is necessary to improve operational efficiency (management and organization) in order to increase TFP. 85% of the 13 regions taken in the study are less than 1 TFV limit value. For these regions, especially technological development is the dominant factor affecting total factor productivity growth. Our study proposes a different perspective in the sector's capacity utilization efficiency and productivity assessment by using non-financial input and output variables in the hospitality sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are those that form the water as the only by-product that directly and efficiently converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy; it is a technology that has the potential to reduce our energy use, pollutant emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. PEM fuel cells, which have started commercializing as a result of long years of research and development, still have difficulties to overcome to be an alternative to traditional technologies. In order to overcome the difficulties such as sustainability, durability and cost, the detailed study of PEM fuel cells’ working principle, thermodynamics, and the tasks of the ongoing research studies; In addition, potential development areas should be known and development activities should continue in this direction. In the compilation study, in addition to the detailed examination of the theory of PEM fuel cell; information on ongoing studies in the world literature has been given and the areas of application that have been in place since the discovery date are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holography is a technique that includes many hologram types. Some of these types could be used in the holographic arts; however each hologram type is not appropriate for artistic use. In order to understand which of them could be used in arts, firstly the classification of this technique as well as the types should be known. In this study, holograms are classified, and hologram types used in the holographic art are examined with examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]