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The development of industry and anthropogenic effects affect the increase in environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the restrictive effect of Molybdenum (Mo) and Arsenic (As) heavy metals, which are potentially toxic in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on wheat yield, and to determine the toxicity signs of potentially toxic heavy metal in wheat plant. Three repetitive studies were organized in the wheat-chickpea alternation system according to the randomized blocks trial design at different application doses (0, 10, 20, 40 mg kg-1) of Mo and As element in calcareous soils under field conditions. In the results of working; In 3 years, Mo and As applications in wheat plant decreased yields of 27.43%, 16.17% and 6.85% and 30.2%, 49.50% and 18.18%, respectively. The decrease in wheat yields as a result of Mo application was statistically significant in the first and second wheat planting years (F=13.9**, P<0.01) (F=16.2**, P<0.01). The decrease in wheat yields as a result of the application of As was statistically significant (F= 5.33*, P<0.05) (F=1 5.05**, P<0.01) (F=5.36*, P<0.05) in all three years. 14 kg da-1 and 13.7 mg kg-1 level of Mo and As applied to the soil provided 10% reduction in maximum yield. Signs of Mo toxicity; The weak and small unhealthy plant was observed as yellow-orange yellowing starting at the leaf tips and drying at high doses. As signs of toxicity; It appeared as a shortening of plant heights and a decrease in plant density in the plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants need all plant nutrition elements to be available and adequate level in soil for optimum growth and yield production. The uptake of macro and micro nutrients by plants is limited or they can not be beneficial for plants in calcareous soils with high pH such as being in Mediterranean Region. In such situations, management strategies such as foliar spray can be useful to benefit of plants from them particularly under soil-limed condition with restricted micronutrients uptake. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar-applied zinc and iron on chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI) and chemical composition of soybean (Glycine max L.) at different growth stages. Field experiments were conducted over during the second crop seasons of the years 2018 and 2019 under the conditions of Hatay Province. The experiment was designed as split-split plot design with three replications. Varieties (Arısoy, Bravo, Nazlıcan) were placed in main plots, growth stages (V3, R1, R3) in subplots and foliar fertilizers (control, zinc, iron, zinc + iron) in sub-sub-plots. Foliar application of iron and zinc increased chlorophyll content and LAI values at different stages of growth in contrast to control (untreated) groups. The highest SPAD value (36.03) was obtained from Nazlıcan × R3 × Zn + Fe treatment and the highest LAI (7.57) was obtained from Bravo × V3 × Fe treatment. Generally, the higher results of SPAD value were observed in reproductive stages while the higher results of LAI were observed in vegetative stages. Leaf zinc and iron accumulations were higher in reproductive stages. As a result of this study, it was observed that micro nutrients needed by soybean plant can be supplied with foliar applications in calcareous soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur (S) has an important place in meeting the nutritional needs of radish and obtaining high quality products. Biochar applications affect soil quality and plant growth positively. The study was carried out to determine the sulfur fertilizer demand of the radish plant grown in the calcareous soils at Konya that located in Central Anatolia, which has an important agricultural potential. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of biochar application on the plant's use of sulfur and plant growth, and the appropriate sulfur(S) fertilizer dose for radish. In the study, elemental-S (0-200-400 mgkg-1), SO4-2-S (0-25-50 mgkg-1) and biochar (0-1% - 2%) were applied to the cultivation soil. Plant material is 8TR-17 hazelnut radish (Raphanus sativus var.) variety. According to the results obtained, leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight, the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil at the end of the experiment were significantly different with increasing S doses compared to the control (p<0.01). Leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight and the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil(p<0.01) and stem diameter (p< 0.05) showed significant differences compared to the control at the interaction between biochar doses and S application forms. The chlorophyll SPAD value varied between 23.3and 34.8, leaf length varied between 5.59 and 6.49 cm, the number of leaves varied between 2.98 to 4.06 piecesplant-1 and leaf weight varied between 6.01 to 10.45 gpot-1. Stem length varied between 0.75 to 2.23 cmplant-1 and stem diameter varied between 1.5 to 15.24 cmplant-1. Tuber weight averages ranged from 0.136 to 4.566 gpot-1 and with the biochar applications increased compared to control. These increases are especially important in the SO4-2-S application. The remaining S (mgkg-1) concentrations in the soil are between 13.40 to 94.43 mgkg-1. These values showed significant differences with S fertilizers, S doses and biochar applications (p<0.05). At the soil pH value at the end of the experiment considering the mean values of sulfur doses, showed a decrease of 0.07 units compared to the control and this value was statistically significant (p<0.01). As a result, it is thought that good plant growth and tuber formation will be achieved with the application of 2% biochar in the cultivation of hazelnut radish, when the sand content is low and partially clayey loam soil will be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]