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Malaya bazaar, which was formed in its present place with the relocation of the city center in the last century of the Ottoman Empire, had commercial and administrative functions together after the establishment of the Republic. The city's multi-layered and multi-cultural structure can be seen with buildings such as mosques, baths, churches, government offices, and small bazaars comprising merchant groups. Keeping the Malatya bazaar alive with all its tangible and intangible components is essential for preserving urban identity and all elements that reveal, contain, and carry it to the next period. Today, the bazaar structure, which has been exposed to many deteriorations, needs both physical improvement and intangible values to be made visible. The Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation, developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2011, to preserve and continue to use historical urban areas, offers an approach for managing urban centers with a dynamic structure. The aim of this paper is to seek possibilities for the manageability of Malatya bazaar within the framework of the Historic Urban Landscape approach and offer suggestions in this context. In the first stage of the study, the possibilities offered by the Historic Urban Landscape approach are investigated by literature review and the second stage, the inventory of tangible and intangible cultural components of Malatya Bazaar is determined with field studies. Finally, as a result of the evaluation made, suggestions are presented on these problems through historical urban landscape application tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network of roads, settlements and the distribution of the tumuli that constitute the unique cultural landscape of Central Anatolian are primary indicators of the determinacy of natural topography and water elements, as well as the spatial continuities that have been enduring since Antiquity. Ankara Tumuli can be defined within this framework as elements of a cultural landscape that has regional expanse. To properly evaluate the significance of the Ankara Tumuli visible in the city, they must not be viewed as merely isolated structures, but with careful consideration of their entire urban and regional context. Ankara Tumuli have been researched and documented since the end of the 19th century, with about twenty tumuli to the west of the city center being studied and excavated during the Republican era. Due to increasing urbanization after the 1950s, increasing numbers of tumuli in urban areas were either destroyed, or became forgotten as they lost their primary visual characteristics. Nevertheless, research conducted since the 2010s has used historical photographs and maps to recreate the original appearances of the tumuli, while documentary evidence has enabled previously unknown tumuli to be located. This study explores how Ankara tumuli were transformed from the 1930s due to urban development. This is the period within which, along with other environmental elements, the tumuli exhibited original formal features that can be seen and contribute to the today's urban spatial structures. The theoretical framework presented by the current landscape and conservation discourses; and exemplary cases of preserved tumulus areas; were therefore investigated in this context. Departing from the extracts, the transformation of tumulustopography-urbanscape relations was evaluated through a proposed urban experience route among the still visible Western Tumuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is possible to define agricultural structures and agricultural production modes as the main determinants of the rural cultural landscape. The unique characteristic of rural cultural landscapes, which are shaped based on agricultural production, continues to exist by experiencing changes in the process with its agricultural structure, rural culture and related lifestyles. Studies that define the elements that make up this unique charactesristic and explain the evolution and transformation of these elements in the process are important for the resilience of rural cultural landscapes. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the hazelnut production in Ordu province located in the Eastern Black Sea Region and the rural cultural landscape created by this production mode and to describe its unique characteristics. In-depth interviews were conducted with 66 people in their rural dwellings or hazelnut orchards, and observations were made. The data and observations are grouped under three headings: (1) why and (2) how hazelnut is produced, and (3) how it is marketed. The results revealed that the only agricultural product in the rural areas of Ordu, hazelnut production, is a production mode that defines the economic structure, place and social life by adapting to its own special conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safranbolu district is one of the rare settlements of our country, which has been declared a protected area with its traditional structures and urban texture from the Ottoman period. Due to these features, the area was included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994 as a cultural heritage site. However, the rapid increase in global change in recent years, urbanization movements, industrialization activities, tourism demands, population growth and economic concerns have caused the area to change in terms of structural and cultural aspects. For this reason, in this study, the effect of increasing urbanization on the cultural landscape change of Safranbolu was considered worth examining. In the study, the urbanization of Safranbolu and the analysis of the cultural landscape change were made by evaluating the compliance of the area with the cultural landscape criteria with on-site observations and examinations. The area in this evaluation; It has been examined in terms of aesthetic, artistic, social, scientific, history and archeology with identity values. As a result of the examinations, it was concluded that the traditional texture was gradually moved away from the settlement areas outside the protected areas in Safranbolu and the cultural landscape was also changed. It has been determined that this change is mostly experienced in terms of identity, social and artistic values. As a result, in the study, the importance of protecting the cultural landscape values of Safranbolu, which is one of the most important areas of our cultural heritage, as a whole, and transferring them to future generations has been emphasized and suggestions have been made for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is built on the hypothesis that "Rural areas have originality with their natural and socio-cultural values such as land structure, production style, local landscape character, and the determination of original landscape values is a factor in planning and design studies". In this context, it was aimed to determine the natural and socio-cultural landscape values of Kırklareli Province Kocayazı and Kula villages and their unique characteristics in this study. Based on literature data and field studies, local potential for natural and socio-cultural landscape values has been defined. Maps of topographic structure (elevation, slope, aspect), hydrological structure, large soil groups, land use capability classes, erosion status, stand status, current land use status and historical and archaeological values were produced via ArcGis 10.1 program within the framework of GIS. Regarding the data obtained from literature, field studies and maps, natural and socio-cultural identity cards were created and values and potentials were revealed within certain concepts with BEK Analysis. As a result, it has been specified that Kocayazı and Kula villages have natural and sociocultural landscape values and local characteristics such as land structure, ethnic origin, settlement style, folkloric values, and economic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each city has its own culture, sociology, history and nature. This is another analysis of the avenues and streets of Kilis, located on the transition course between Gaziantep and Aleppo, two important settlements throughout history. In this country, certain criteria are taken into account in the Kilis street and research exam. avenue and street names in Kilis are in 10 categories. In this analysis, it has been determined that the names of religious, local and national persons in Kilis have an important role in naming avenue and streets. In Kilis, there are important toponymic findings belonging to the dominant political period, the republic period and the achievements of this period. Another important find of the research is that in Kilis in general; While the names of the republican, war -related and national important persons are given to the streets, it is the giving of the names related to the local prominent persons, the natural and cultural landscape, the words of worship and the architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's understanding of protection is contemporary, innovative, and more appropriate to its purpose than in previous years. The understanding of conservation has evolved from the monumental building scale to a holistic approach to conservation in the world and our country. Unfortunately, due to the shortcomings in the law, the unconsciousness of the public and the inadequacy of the state institutions, historical environments, and cultural landscapes cannot be fully protected and continue to be destroyed. This study aimed to examine the historical street texture within the cultural landscape areas as a whole; to develop urban design proposals for the conservation and maintenance of these areas to prevent destruction. In this context, İspir district, which has cultural landscape features and original regional architectural elements, has been chosen as the research area. To determine the theoretical foundations of the study, studies on cultural landscapes, historical environments, Turkish urban and street texture issues, especially urban planning in historical environments were examined. Data collection, analysis, and evaluation studies were conducted within the scope of the research method. In the findings section; the urban texture of İspir was examined in detail, the data were transferred to the computer, and maps were created. As a result of the research, it was seen that it is necessary to establish policies for the protection, repair, survival, and management of cultural landscape areas within the protection-usage balance, as well as the integrated planning of these areas and their environment with a committee consisting of local governments, local people and related professional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with how the sacred places in the Nazimiye district of Tunceli province constitute an environmental perception between man and nature. The main question the research tries to answer is; how the relationship between man and the environment gives a privilege to the space with the values of faith. In this direction, this research focuses on the relationship between human and sacred places through symbols, spatial emptiness, implicit environmentalism and spatial awareness approaches. Since the subject is cultural research, a qualitative method has been adopted. In light of this method, first of all, a literature review has been done about the research subject and the research area. Interviews, focus group interviews and observations were made using the ethnographic method. A total of one hundred twenty days of fieldwork was conducted following the method chosen. The research results show that, people develop a sense of belonging towards the sacred places with the reflection of cultural values on the space. As a result of the narration of the sacredness on a place, symbolic spaces have been formed within the sacred places. The visit to the sacred place is an essential element for visitors. On the other hand, when visitors have difficulty in accessing the sacred place due to material or spiritual obstacles, they have imitate these places in another area. For this reason, alternative special places have been constructed representing the sacred place, rather than the actual visiting site. In addition, the level of consciousness of people in their actions in the sacred place develops depending on the effect of spatial awareness. As a result of the belief structure in the region, it can be seen that the behaviors that are accepted as service/worship in the space take place in the form of implicit environmentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third age tourism gradually gains importance due to the demographic change in the world. In general, today's retirees or the ones at that age are healthier and have more economic savings as comparing with the ones in the past. Elderly people having that potentiality are also willing to spend their free time for tourism. Therefore, they create new opportunities for the tourism sector. It is observed that countries have developed various practices and policies for this form of tourism which forms a unique market. Because the importance of this occasion is realized in recent years in Turkey, inadequacies in the practices and planning are observed. There are also shortcomings in the supply of demands and expectations of this type of tourist. In Turkey, only medical tourism and climate-related resources are available, therefore it is understood that their main travel motivation is not considered. In this study; motivation, expectations and needs of that age group were scrutinized and suggestions regarding with proper resource utilization are made. Additionally it is tried to have an idea about eventual marketing in future by evaluating third age tourism potential. In this study, evaluations were made by using document analysis technique which is widely used in qualitative researches. In the evaluation; in accordance with the age and consciousness levels of this age group; it is observed that their interests towards cultural, historical and natural tourism resources which need not too much activity are more dominant. Turkey has a powerful supply for that demand. However, the absence of studies about these attractions is noticeable. The status of the country's potential considering regions, sub-zones and provinces has not yet been determined. When transportation and accommodation demands of the ones who contribute to third age tourism are considered in addition to resource utilization, the suggestion of "attractive cities" and "tourism passages" is developed. There made suggestions for organizations to be carried out through these destinations. Finally, ideas for accessibility and age-friendly accommodation have been proposed as complementary to resource use for this age group. The study is expected to contribute to touristic resource presentation of publications about third age tourism and limited literature about tourist potential and provide forecasts to the industry's decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important events in sustainable tourism, as in all areas of life, is awareness. In every sense, we have many values underneath. These values will contribute to development. Even in social, cultural and environmental sense, they have a great potential to contribute to our development. We are not aware of these values as our own priority. Even if we are aware, we waste because we do not create awareness. One of the most important factors in this is that we are dealing with our subject matter values by isolating them from their natural environment. When we consider the geographical position of our country and its place in geological processes, we have many riches in the context of natural assets with scientific and cultural values. These values are; establishing awareness of enriched geotourism routes (geotourism routes) in the context of sustainable tourism and taking into account the principles of geotourism will play an important role in the creation of sustainable tourism-based development and even sustainable environmental awareness both at local scale and regional scale. In this context, Gümüşhane-Eski Gümüşhane-Dörkonak route was considered as an enriched route of geotourism. It is aimed to create awareness by bringing together the natural, cultural and geologic elements of the mentioned route to the public attention. In this context, a route has been introduced for the local people to enjoy on a daily basis. It will also be appreciated as a day-trip tourism route in the national and international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative tourism activities have increasing demand in recent years. Alternative tourism types offer different and varied opportunities for people who get bored of stress and urban life as realized for different purposes. Nature tourism, which has a closed relations with nature, also provides an opportunity for the users to experience different ways of relieving and experiencing stress as an alternative type of tourism. In this context, activities related to natural and cultural landscape potential can be considered together with daily trips or with accommodation. Burdur province located in the lakes region has a rich potential for nature tourism activities. The aim of this study is to establish nature tourism routes in the Burdur province as part of alternative tourism activities. For this purpose, network analysis method was applied by using ArcMap 10.6 based on geographic information systems and in this context, alternative 4 tourism routes were determined. The designated routes are related to nature tourism and offer suggestions within the scope of activities that can be carried out at all times of the year due to the fact that it is connected with the silk road and cultural landscape values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious rituals such as the tradition of visiting shrines and tree cult have been in existence for thousands of years in the different regions of Anatolia. Clear examples of such still- existing rituals are the visits paid to “Türbe” Quarter in Yaka Village of Fethiye District in the Province of Muğla and making wishes and hoping for heals from the holly tree. The data, which has been obtained from the research that has been launched the scope of a TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) Project in 2011 and the study that have been on the drawing of historical ruins and documentations in Türbe Quarter, have been transferred to the Geographic Information Systems. Although the certain date of the historical ruins is not exactly known, it has been thought that the ruins may belong to Menteşoğulları Seigniory of Türkmen Tribes. In the scope of project, the study have also been done to determine the age of 3 Cupressus sempervirens var. horizantalis (cypress) that are within the ancient ruins and their environs. The oldest one has been understood to be about 910 years old. As a result, in this study, historical ruins and monumental trees within the boundaries of Tlos Antic City being one of the important settlements in the Lycian Region have been assessed in terms of cultural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism, natural resources, cultural heritage, rural lifestyle and an integrated tourism is a type of local economic activities. Therefore, rural tourism in rural areas was carried out with a number of elements in their natural landscape and cultural landscape (water, vista, topography, vegetation, clean air), as well as in the variety of recreational activities suitable for all kinds of environments. Therefore, rural tourism and its natural assets and raw materials to create, as well as directing people to travel is an attractive force. In this study, natural landscape features of the town of Tekirdag Province Şarköy determined by the effect on rural tourism. Research as a result of the natural landscape features Şarköy (maquis, covered with vineyards and olive groves of natural vegetation structure, microclimatic features of climate, marine and coastal topographic structure and motion, etc.) have highlighted a significant impact on rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]