Search

Objectives: Autism is a lifelong disease characterised by a lack of neurodevelopmental and social communication and limited interests and behaviours. Popular dietary approaches such as gluten-free, casein-free, elimination, Feingold, ketogenic, and low-oxalate diets draw attention to its treatment. For this reason, it is aimed to question the medical nutrition therapy applied on children and its effectiveness on symptoms. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with forty-eight children studying in public and private education centres in Northern Cyprus between January and June 2014. The researcher applied a face-to-face interview technique to the questionnaire, which covers: the cases of nutrition therapy of the children; the status of receiving nutrition therapy for their diagnosis; if they are receiving nutrition therapy; why and on whose recommendation they apply this treatment; and its effectiveness in the treatment. Statistical evaluation of the data was made with the SPSS-21 program. Results: The study was completed with forty children with autism spectrum diagnoses. As a result of the survey, 25.0% of children with autism apply medical nutrition therapy for their disease, and the most frequently used treatment is a gluten-free and casein-free diet, with a rate of 40.0%. As a result of the applied medical nutrition therapy, an improvement in the symptoms of 50.0% of autistic children was observed. The rate of getting an education from a professional about nutrition in autism was 5.0%, and 82.5% of the families thought that their nutritional information was insufficient. Most of them reported that they want to get information about autism and nutrition. Conclusion: With this study, it was determined that families preferred the gluten-free and casein-free diet model to improve their symptoms, but they wanted professional support to increase their nutritional knowledge about autism and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, we analyzed the most cited 101 articles on nutrition from the intensive care literature. Materials and Methods: Using an advanced mode of the Web of Science (WOS), the keys “WC = Critical Care Medicine and TS = nutr* or WC = Critical Care Medicine and TI = nutr* or WC = Nutrition & Dietetics and TS = intensive care or WC = Nutrition & Dietetics and TI = intensive care or WC = Nutrition & Dietetics and TS = critical care or WC = Nutrition & Dietetics and TI = critical care” were used to identify the articles on June 2021. Results: From 1975 to the present a total of 7,093 articles related to nutrition of critical care were published in the WOS. The most cited article received 1,011 citations; the least cited articles received 166 citations. The average number of citations was determined as 287.77±178.57. The mean annual citation number was 21.86±35.46. The most cited article was by McClave, Stephen et al. “Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.” The three most cited areas of critical care nutrition articles focused on “Enteral Nutrition,” “Immune-nutrition,” and “Outcomes of the Nutrition” and were conducted in 20.8%, 20.8%, and 17.8% studies, respectively. The three most frequently journals in the top 101 position were Critical Care Medicine (43.6%), Intensive Care Medicine (10.9%), Clinical Nutrition (7.9%), and the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (7.9%) happened. The USA (38.6%), Canada (%12.9), and England (7.9%) took the top three places for authors. A total of 36.6% of the authors were from the European continent and 63.4% were from outside the European continent. No significant difference was found between the continent of authors, the journal’s index, the total number of citations and the annual average number of citations. A significant relationship was found between the year of publication of the article, the journal in which it was published, the country of the journal in which it was published, continent of the journal, type of the study, the subject area, number of citations per year, and between the type of study and the total number of citations of the article (p<0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to search for the most citations articles in the field of nutrition in the intensive care literature. The most frequently cited articles in the field of nutrition in the intensive care, included “Enteral Nutrition” and “Immunonutrition” topics. It is noteworthy that the articles published after 2015 and the guidelines and articles on the enteral and parenteral nutrition received more citations in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Initiation of nutritional therapy from an early age in patients with phenylketonuria may cause abnormal nutritional behaviors. The aim of the study is to evaluate the food consumption levels of phenylketonuria patients by determining their dietary habits and the amount of energy and nutrients they consume. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire including their dietary habits and 24-hour food consumption records was applied to the patients between December 2018-March 2019. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between age groups and the most commonly consumed cooking methods. As the age increases, the use of frying cooking method increases compared to healthy cooking methods. A statistically significant relationship was found between age groups and the frequency of french fries consumption. An inverse correlation was found between the number of formula meals and blood phenylalanine levels. As the number of meals increases, the blood phenylalanine values of the patients decrease. It was determined that the average energy consumption was insufficient for all age groups and patients aged 10-18 and over 18 years old received insufficient protein. It has been observed that the amount of phenylalanine taken at 0-4 and 4-10 years of age is higher than the amount of phenylalanine that should be taken. It has been found that each age group receives tyrosine and protein at safe rates carbohydrate consumption rates are higher than recommendations and fat rates are lower. Conclusion: Diet therapy affects nutritional habits and nutrient intake. Life-long follow-up of nutrition is important in order to prevent chronic diseases that may be caused by these effects for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to determine the awareness of obese, overweight and normal-weight patients about the complications, causes and prevention of obesity. Materials and Methods: Patients who were admitted to our clinic during a four months period were included. Demographical features, familial histories of obesity, smoking, alcohol use, chronic diseases, medications, medical nutrition therapy and exercise habits were questioned. Patients were divided into groups as normal, overweight and obese according to the WHO criteria. Results: The median age of 352 patients was 45 (18-88), Of all, 282 (80.11%) were female, and 70 (19.89%) were male. Fifty-one patients (14.49%) were normal weight, 72 (20.45%) were overweight, and 229 (65.06%) were obese. The level of education was lower in obese patients, and the family history of obesity was higher (p<0.001). The percentage of patients who agreed that obesity was a risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, sleep apnea, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, depression and other mental problems, and death was changing between 65% and 92. Awareness of obesity risk factors was similar between groups. The rate of those who knew that eating 4-6 meals a day and not missing snacks was important for a healthy diet was highest in the obese group (p=0.043). Conclusion: Although awareness of some obesity-related complications was high in our study, awareness of risks such as cholelithiasis, pancreatitis and cancer development was low. For the prevention and effective treatment of obesity, it is necessary to increase the level of awareness of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balance between nutrient intake and nutritional requirement is important for optimal health; in this context, determining nutritional status is fundamental. Neck circumference (NC) is one of the anthropometric measurements used to determine the nutritional status; this is a simple technique that helps to reach the result without the need for more complex methods. In addition, NC is accessible and easy to measure; as this measurement does not change throughout the day, the usability of this method is currently being investigated. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the relationship between NC measurement and other anthropometric measurements, nutritional related diseases and related biochemical findings and metabolites. As a result of the literature review conducted for this purpose, NC is evaluated in comparison to other anthropometric measurements (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio), as well as examined for high correlation for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, NC also appears to be a measurement tool that can be used to identify insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In type 1 diabetes, medical nutrition therapy is crucial for both preventing complications and maintaining metabolic control. Carbohydrate counting technique is accepted as the gold standard to provide optimal metabolic control as well as basic nutritional recommendations. However, recent studies have shown that pre-meal insulin doses adjusted by carbohydrate counting are insufficient in maintaining metabolic control and reducing blood glucose exchange. This is derived from that proteins and fats also have effects, although macronutrients which the most influential on blood glucose levels are carbohydrates. Proteins affect blood glucose as a result of changes in hormones that affect glucose homeostasis, and conversion of amino acids into glucose by gluconeogenic pathways. Fats are effective on blood glucose with four different mechanisms: gluconeogenesis, the direct effect of free fatty acids, effects on hormones, effects on gastric emptying. Protein and fat consumed in carbohydrate meals reduce early postprandial increase (1-2 hours) and contribute to postprandial hyperglycemia in the late postprandial period (3-6 hours). To cover this late glycemic effect of fat and/or protein, it may be necessary to extend the duration of the insulin and increase the total dose. For this reason, there is a need for alternative pre-meal insulin dose calculation algorithms including macronutrients other than carbohydrates, and different alternatives have been proposed. In this review focuses on the effects of protein and fat on postprandial glucose and new alternative algorithms that can be used to determine the pre-meal insulin dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Initiation of high protein, especially on the first day, was reported to positively affect growth and neuromotor development in premature infants. However the effect of high protein content on metabolic and biochemical parameters is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low and high dose protein administration on biochemical parameters in premature infants. METHODS: Premature infants born ≤34 gestational weeks were included in this retrospective study. The infants were divided into two groups as low protein (LP; first day of 1 g/kg/day, daily 1g increments up to max. 3 g/kg/day) and high protein (HP; first day 3 g/kg/day, max. 3,5-4 g/kg/day) and both groups were compared in terms of antenatal and postanatal characteristics, biochemical results, and growth. RESULTS: A total of 364 infants, 264 in HP and 100 in LP groups, were included in this study. When the groups were compared in terms of biochemical markers; blood urea nitrogen levels showed an increase in HP group in correlation with protein intake, however, no deterioration in renal functions occurred. No electrolyte impairment was observed between two groups. Compared with HP group, more number of infants in LP group had weight, height, and head circumference of <3 percentile at the time of hospital discharge DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: This study showed that high dose protein administration is safe and effective. Furthermore, when considering the positive effects on postnatal growth, it was observed that the main goal of the feeding was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of appetite and nutritional difficulties such as food selection and food phobia are common health problems in childhood, especially in infants and young children. Under each nutritional behavior, there can be important physiological causes as well as psychological reasons.The primary aim of treatment is to determine the underlying causes of loss of appetite and other nutritional problems. In the presence of an underlying organic cause, priority treatment should be elimination of this cause. One of the other important approaches is the identification of nutritional problems. This situation is important for the effectiveness of treatment approaches. Nutritional principles appropriate for the age of the child or baby may support the effective treatment of nutritional problems in practice. Determination of the nutritional strength of the patient and the planning of treatment methods for it are important for the effectiveness of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of enteral nutrition (EN) therapy in patients who require vasopressors are limited. Unfortunately, hemodynamically unstable patients or patients receiving vasopressors were mostly excluded from the large randomized controlled trials in nutrition. We aimed to present the protocol by Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Nutrition Support Team as different approaches to EN of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of enteral nutrition (EN) therapy in patients who require vasopressors are limited. Unfortunately, hemodynamically unstable patients or patients receiving vasopressors were mostly excluded from the large randomized controlled trials in nutrition. We aimed to present the protocol by Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Nutrition Support Team as different approaches to EN of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect and side effects of ketogenic diet in addon therapy for treatment-refractory epileptic children cohort followed by our ketogenic diet team. Methods: The medical files of 27 patients who were followed up for at least 6 months between March and November 2016 in HSU Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Neurology Polyclinic were evaluated retrospectively. After the diseases in which the ketogenic diet was contraindicated were excluded, the consent form was obtained from the families and the diet started after the training. Patients were monitored quarterly by our team for clinical and laboratory findings with regard to efficacy and side effects. Results: A total of 27 patients (male, n=11; 40.7%, and female, n=16: 59.3%) aged 11 months to 15 years. participated in the study. The majority had focal seizures and 15 (55.5%) of them had other types of seizure. Most (77.7%) of them had symptomatic epilepsy. Retrospective chart review revealed that in 74%, and 11.1% of the patients number of seizures experienced decreased =50%, and <50%, respectively. While. 14,8% of them were seizure-free and in 7.4% of them seizure activity increased. Complications were seen in 37% of the patients which consisted of hyperlipidemia (14.8%), urolithiasis (14,8%) and gastrointestinal disorders (7.4%). Number of seizures decreased = 50%, in 15 of 19 patients aged 0-11 years and in 6 of 8 patients in the 11-15 age group. In 8 (29.6%) children secondary benefits (in motor, cognitive and speech areas) were derived from ketogenic diet. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that ketogenic diet was an efficacious nonpharmacological therapy for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. These children must be followed regularly by the experienced ketogenic diet team for potential side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease.It occurs due to the mutations in the gene of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH).While the level of plasma phenylalanine (Phe) is within normal range after birth,the plasma Phe level of infants arise when they begin to feed.If appropriate medical and nutritional therapies are not implemented,many clinical sings,such as mental illness (IQ<50),skin-hair pigmentation disorders,growth retardation,microcephaly,epilepsy,behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, anxiety and so on may be observed. There are several methods for treatment besides the most important one which is nutritional therapy. The first aim of nutritional therapy is to prevent the accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood and brain. The second purpose is to replace tyrosine deficiency due to lack of conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. When nutritional therapy is implemented, the growth and development of the child will return to normal, and complications may be prevented. The implementation of nutritional therapy is too easy at early ages. However, the compliance of diet is getting harder with aging. New treatment approaches can facilitate compliance with diet and clinical signs may be prevented. Some of the new therapeutic approaches are usage of large neutral amino acids, glycomacropeptide and tetrahydrobiopterin. Tetrahydrobiopterin treatment may be used only in patients with classical phenylketonuria who responds to treatment or metabolism disorders of BH4 metabolism. Glycomacropeptide and large neutral amino acids can be used in nearly all patients.The use of phenylalanine ammonialyase which is in the study phase converts accumulated phenylalanine to its harmless metabolites.However, to ensure implementation of an effective nutritional therapy, it is necessary to provide strong communication between the family members and health professionals and the treatment methods must be widely described to family.Also supporting the nutritional therapy effectively with the new treatment approaches is important to prevent clinical signs and to improve the patient's life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare condition in patients who have oral feeding intolerance. Due to decreased fat tissue around the duodenum, the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and duodenum also decrease. Despite normal peristaltic bowel activity, nutrients cannot pass the duodenum. There are various causes for this. The basic treatment modality is early nutritional support. We share this article to increase awareness of this condition and recommend early nutritional support for immobilised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is a major problem in hospitalized patients during admission and the hospital stay. The morbidity and mortality rates would be decreased once the malnutrition is diagnosed and treated. The patients must be monitored to evaluate the efficacy and complications of the nutritional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Malnutrition is a common clinical condition that leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients. Good nutritional support treatment is essential for the reduction or prevention of malnutrition. In this study, by examining nutritional support therapy in a medical intensive care unit (ICU), we aimed to determine the methods, problems, efficiency, and impact of this therapy on mortality. Material and Methods: Patients hospitalized for more than 72 hours in a medical ICU of a university hospital between January 01, 2010 and June 30, 2010 were included into the study. In this retrospective study, 159 patients were accepted. Patient demographics and nutrition-related data were extracted from hospital and ICU databases, patient files, and records of nursing care. SPSS for Windows, version 15.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the study population, the median age was 66 years, and 51% of the patients were men. The median Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 24, and the median nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002 score was 5. Based on NRS 2002, 99.4% of the patients had malnutrition and needed nutrition support therapy. There was occasional oral intake in 46.0% of the patients. As it was insufficient, enteral nutrition (EN) was delivered in 45%, whereas parenteral nutrition (PN) nutrition was delivered in 88% of the patients. Patients received only 50% of the targeted amount of calories, and only 36% of the targeted amount of proteins on day 3 of nutritional support therapy. The targeted amount of calories was achieved in only 31.4%, while the targeted amount of proteins was achieved in only 33.3% of the patients. In the multivariate analysis, it was demonstrated that mortality was increased by high APACHE II and NRS 2002 scores and modification or interruption of EN and PN, whereas mortality was decreased by oral feeding. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that severe nutritional support was needed in patients admitted to a medical ICU in a university hospital during the first 6 months of 2010 and that the targeted amount of calories and proteins was achieved in a minority of patients, despite the combined use of EN and PN. It was also demonstrated that mortality was increased by high APACHE II and NRS 2002 scores and modification or interruption of EN and PN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Adoption of western lifestyles with alterations in diet and activity patterns has been implicated in the increasing risks for cardiovascular disease in low income countries. This study investigated the prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, overweight and obesity as modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a low income semi-urban community in the Northeast Nigeria. METHOD: 1004 adults who were 20 years and older were recruited through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Definition of prehypertension and hypertension were based on the World Health Organization (WHO) /International Society of Hypertension guidelines while the WHO body mass index (BMI) cut-points were used to define overweight and obesity. RESULTS: The mean age, BMI and blood pressure of the participants were 41.5 ± 13.5 years, 22.2±3.73Kg/m2 and 125/78mmHg respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, overweight and obesity were 40.3, 25.2, 15.4 and 3.8% respectively. The Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) for the hypertension among the obese persons compared with normal weight and overweight participants was 2.75 (1.25-6.04) and 1.62 (0.068-3.82) respectively. CONCLUSION: Prehypertension and hypertension sequentially were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors in the study population. The relative risk for hypertension among obese participants was about three times that of normal weight and about two times that of the overweight participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific interest on tannins has been increased because of their high antioxidant activities and therapeutic effects on some diseases during the last two decade. Many studies in the literature have been focused on the tannin contents of foods and the effects of processing on tannins. This article reviews the description, classification, chemistry and occurrence of tannins in foods and the effects food processing technologies on tannins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity is a complex multi-factorial disease, accompanying with endocrine, metabolic and behavioral changes. It is one of the most important health problems in the world and has become a pandemic. The etiology, although that was not fully clarified, genetic and environmental factors now known to play a major role. Main findings: Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. In the presence of excess calories, the body will subsequently convert and store these energy nutrients as triglycerides in adipose tissue. Over time, if excess calories are consumed without an increase in energy expenditure, excess body fat will be stored which may lead to obesity. It should be noted that in long-term weight reduction diets, it appears that both standard protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) and high-protein (HP; 30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) diets result in net weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. In addition to macronutrient influences, the volume of food intake may play a role in satiation and subsequent energy intake. It has been shown that eating low-energy-dense foods like fruits and vegetables helps sustain satiety while concurrently reducing energy intake and appears to be a more effective weight loss strategy than fat reduction and decreased portion sizes. Conclusion: Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45-60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a syndrome characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure, without hydrocephaly or a mass lesion. It is most commonly encountered in obese adolescent girls, young women, and pregnant women. Its prevalence rate in all 3 groups is the same. Herein we present a pregnancy case with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and an evaluation of the effects of idiopathic intracranial hypertension during any trimester and the effects of its treatment on pregnancy, as well as the correlation between idiopathic intracranial hypertension and pregnancy. Moreover, treatment options are assessed in light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our purpose was to investigate the effect of acupuncture and diet or only diet therapy on body weight, basal metabolic rate, body fat weight and without fat body weight. Methods: Forty women were studied in two groups as follows: 1) acupuncture and diet group (n=20; mean age=48,70±8,97, mean body mass index {BMI} =35,84±6,62, mean body mass=90,94±16,29 kg); 2) only diet group (n=20; mean age=49,45±12,91, BMI=35,45±4,55, mean body mass=90,28±15,06 kg). Electroacupuncture was performed using the ear points and the body points, three times weekly for one seance daily. Diet program was applied on all patients that consisted to calculations of their basal metabolic rates and daily life activities. Our purpose with these diet program was to reduce body weight per one kilogram a week. Results: There were 5,18%, 8,33%, 11,57% body weight and 6,9% 11,54 %, 15,24% body fat weight reduction on patients with electroacupuncture and diet application on 30, 60, 90th days (P<0,001). Whereas patients on only diet restriction had a 3,46%, 5,47% and 6,76% weight and 2,08%, 4,03% and 5,23% body fat reduction on 30, 60,90th days (P<0,001). There were differences in body weight percentage (P<0,05, P<0,01, P<0,001, respectively) and body fat weight percentage (P<0,01, P<0,001, P<0,001, respectively) between two groups on 30, 60, 90th days compared with the initial weights. We found a decrease in body weight and body fat weight in electroacupuncture and diet application group than only diet group. Conclusion: It may be considered that the 2 Hz electroacupuncture application with diet restriction in obesity treatment is more effective than the diet restriction alone for body weight and body fat weight reductions. İt is thought that increasing serum beta endorphin or another lipolitic substance level probably occurs by electroacupuncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]