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Recycling, remanufacturing and repair processes increase the profitability of companies by providing less energy use and less waste generation, and have a positive effect on the total cost of the supply chain. In the present study, an integrated inventory model, which considers economic and environmental objectives together, was developed for a two-level supply chain system consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer located in different countries. The problem is the simultaneous calculation of the manufacturer's number of shipments and the buyer's shipment sizes, that is, the parameters of the integrated production-inventory policy, to minimize the total cost of the system. Each batch the retailer received contains both good quality products and defective products. Some of the defective products are scrapped and sent back to the manufacturer to enter the recycling/remanufacturing process, while the other part is added to the inventory after being repaired at a local company. The carbon emission costs of transporting products from manufacturer to retailer and defective products from retailer to manufacturer and repair center were included in the model. Our aim was to model the joint effects of outsourcing repair, recycling/remanufacturing, and carbon emissions on supply chain performance. Theoretical results were obtained with the help of a numerical example and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Numerical analysis showed that the repair process together with the recycling/remanufacturing process has a positive effect on the total inventory cost of the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spare parts inventory management is of vital importance in maintaining high equipment availability at minimum cost, especially for industries utilizing fully mechanized systems and aiming mass and continuous production such as mining. In this paper, it is intended to solve the spare parts inventory problem of a large-scale mining company operating in Turkey, by proposing a mathematical model to optimize the spare parts provisioning strategy in such a way that the total inventory related cost is minimized. Based on the current system analyzed and the real data provided by the company, a case study is conducted on inventory management problem of industrial lubricants, having a great importance in fully-mechanized systems to provide mass and continuous production. The optimization results show that the company's current lubricating oil inventory policy can be improved financially by yielding an annual saving up to ?18,566. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of inventories consists of the sum of purchase cost, conversion cost and other costs. Conversion costs include direct labor costs, fixed overhead costs and variable overhead costs. Various legislation provides different views in the matter of reflecting fixed overhead costs, which is one of the conversion cost elements, to product costs. Tax Procedure Law (TPL) approve transfer of fixed production overheads to product costs according to absorption costing method. On the contrary Turkey Accounting Standards (TAS) recommends transfer of these costs to product costs according to normal costing method. BOBİ FRS and KÜMİ FRS state that either of these two methods can be used. This study aims to examine the absorption costing method and the normal costing method used to reflect the fixed overhead costs to the production costs. For this purpose, in the first stage of the study, the effect of two different cost calculation methods on the product costs was revealed. At this stage; unit cost calculated as 0.66688₺/unit according to full cost method was calculated as 0.66425₺/unit in normal cost method. In the second stage of the study, the effect of these cost calculation methods on taxation (deferred tax income / expense) was examined. At this stage; it has been confirmed that selling inventories at different periods reveals the effect of deferred tax income/expense. These effects revealed in the study are explained by integrating into order cost system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]