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Pathology of the 8th cranial nerve may be caused by trauma, congenital malformations, tumor formation, infection and vascular injury. Common symptoms include sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness, nystagmus, and tinnitus. Central auditory processing disorder can be defined by at least one or more deficits of the central auditory processing skills. When evaluating 8th cranial nerve pathologies and central auditory processing disorders, the application of appropriate and effective differential diagnostic tests are important for determining proper audiological rehabilitation methods. This review article attempts to provide guidelines for audiologists. Thus, it includes definitions, symptoms, differential diagnosis tests and audiological findings in 8th cranial nerve pathologies and central auditory processing disorders in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Material and Method: The study was included 285 patients who treated with the diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss between March 2016 and March 2022. The patients were divided into two groups as the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period. The annual number and incidence of patients before and after the pandemic, presence of chronic disease, and pure tone audiograms before and after treatment were ascertained separately. PCR test results of patients infected with Covid 19 were examined. In both groups, the incidence rate of sudden sensorineural hearing loss was statistically compared. Results: When the pre-pandemic period was evaluated, it was detected that the highest incidence was 9.15 in the period of 2017-2018. In the pandemic period, it was observed that the incidence decreased partially with 6.3. When the period before and after the pandemic was evaluated, there was no statistically significant difference, although there was a change according to the years. Male patients were more common in both groups. Diabetes was the most concomitant chronic disease in both groups. Pure tone audiogram levels were similar before and after treatment in both groups. Conclusion: In the Covid-19 pandemic period, the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss has been partially reduced compared to the prepandemic period. We think that measures such as the use of face masks, social distance rules, and hand hygiene applied during the pandemic period may be a factor in reducing the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inner ear diseases can lead to cochlear hearing loss, which can significantly affect the communication skills of individuals in their daily lives. The etiology of this type of hearing loss can usually be determined as a result of detailed evaluations planned with a multidisciplinary approachWhile evaluating cochlear hearing losses, applying correct and effective differential diagnosis test methods in the audiological evaluation process is important in determining the appropriate treatment/rehabilitation methods. In this review article, which is intended as a guide for audiologists, besides the general symptoms and audiological findings seen in inner ear diseases, the differential diagnostic tests that can be applied in common pathologies and the possible results of these tests are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden hearing loss (SHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that develops within three days, leading to a minimum 30 dB hearing loss, involving at least three frequencies. Appropriate treatment in SHL is still in search. Numerous treatment protocols have been suggested for this clinical entity In this article treatment protocols of SHL loss are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sudden hearing loss is a sensorineural hearing loss that develops within three days, leading to a minimum 30 dB hearing loss, involving at least three frequencies. This study aims to investigate the correlations between sudden sensorineural hearing loss with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Material and Methods: 58 patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were included in our study. Blood samples and the hearing assessments of the patients were carried out. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups as "recovered" and "unrecovered" according to their response to the treatment. Results: The mean NLR and PLR values in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.001). In addition, NLR and PLR levels were higher in unrecovered patients compared with recovered patients. Conclusion: NLR and PLR values may be used as a novel marker that is easily administered in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and obtained with low cost tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cogan's syndrome is a rarely seen inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology which affects vision and hearing. It is characterized by findings of keratitis and hearing loss. Medium and large vessel vasculitis may accompany the disease. In the present case, a 14-year-old male was applied to our clinic with vision and hearing loss and consequently diagnosed as Cogan's syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythroderma is characterized by generalized erythema and scalling of skin. A 65-year-old male patient was referred to the dermatology clinic with complaints of redness, itching and scalling on his scalp, face and body. Dermatological examination showed erythematous scaly patches involving the scalp, face and trunk. Histopathology revealed cleavage within the granular layer, spongiosis, interstitial and perivascular mixed inflammatory infiltrat in the superficial dermis. The patient was started oral corticosteroid treatment. A sudden loss of hearing occurred in his left ear on the third day of hospitalization. Sensorineural hearing loss has been reported in the left ear by audiometry. Lesions had become eritrodermic. At the end of the first month of hospitalization skin lesions responded to systemic corticosteroid therapy and the patient was discharged. In our patient, we couldn't reveal the cause of the erythroderma but current findings were suggestive of an autoimmune disease. Skin lesions and hearing loss responded to corticosteroid treatment. We present a case of erythroderma by whom sudden hearing loss has occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic steroid treatment with concurrent systemic steroids as an initial therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods: Patients who were diagnosed as idiopathic SSNHL and received no therapy were included in the study. Patients were divided into control and study groups. Patients in the study group received concurrent intratympanic steroid treatment with systemic steroid therapy. Patients in the control group received standard systemic steroid treatment alone. The duration of time before the treatment was evaluated for all the patients. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed for all the patients in the pre-treatment and post-treatment period in order to record the responses for both in terms of the individual frequencies and the pure tone average. Results: Twenty nine patients (16 female and 13 male) with a mean age of 43.6 years were enrolled in the study. There was 15 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group. The mean duration of time for the initial therapy was 4 days for the control group and 6.5 days for the study group (p=0.125). The mean recovery in PTA for the control group was 10.29±4.10 decibel (dB) (0-15) while it was 19.40±18.84 dB (3-68) for the study group (p=0.003). Conclusion: At the end of treatment, significantly better hearing results were obtained for the patients in the study group when compared to the control group both for PTA and all the frequencies individually. We suggest that concurrent intratympanic steroids with systemic steroid therapy gives better hearing results than the standard systemic therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]