Search

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to cape with counter the smallpox epidemics that frequently occured the vast Ottoman geography, the Vaccine Administration was established in 1840 in the Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane (currently Istanbul Faculty of Medicine), and smallpox vaccine production took start (1840). The vaccine strains were imported from Paris, propagated through human passages and provided free of charge to the public and army in the Payitaht (royal capital) Istanbul. The material was contained in glass tubes or vaccination pens and sent to all provinces free of charge Towards the end of the 19th century, smallpox vaccine production took start in smallpox vaccine stations in France, and the Ottoman government switched from importing smallpox strains to smallpox vaccine production in the official Imperial Vaccination Center (1892). However, vaccine tubes and vaccines were sent to the Balkans, remote provinces in Anatolia and especially to the Arab Peninsula through postal service. Delivery by the means of transport of that period took a lot of time, and the vaccines spoiled on the way and would not hold. In order to solve this problem, it was decided to open filigree branches in remote provinces at the beginning of the 1900s, but the planned branches could not be activated due to lack of financial means, and a few opened branches were closed due to inefficiency. The official Ottoman Institute of Vaccination (Telkihhane-i Şahane) produced vaccines during the Second Constitutional period and during the era of Republic under different names. After the foundation of the Republic, while operating under the name of Istanbul Vaccination Institute under the directorate of Dr. Şerafettin Mustafa, it was closed and merged with the Central Hygiene Institute in Ankara. Alongside its director and staff, equipment and two and a half million doses of smallpox vaccine were moved to Ankara (1934). The Central Hygiene Institute's Smallpox Vaccine Branch was found on the experiences in vaccine production acquired in Istanbul after the 1840s. This article is the first to discuss historical accounts on the vaccine production institutions in Turkey as a whole. Production methods, storage of vaccines and supply of vaccine tubes were also evaluated all together for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CEDRUS is the property of Mediterranean Civilisations Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to discuss calf rearing practices depending on farm structure and management in dairy cattle farms registered in Torul county of Gümüşhane province. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 100 dairy cattle enterprise owners in the county. It was found out that 26% of the surveyed enterprises in the county had calf deaths and the annual calf mortality rate was 5.1%. The calves were separated from their dams after birth in 94% of the farms, umbilical cord care was performed in 53% of the farms, 90% of the breeders performed colostrum feeding within the first 2 hours after birth, and the calves received colostrum by suckling their dams (86%). The majority of the breeders had their calves vaccinated against brucella, alum and smallpox (90%) and the most common disease in calves was diarrhea (95%). As a result, it was observed that most of the farmers are aware of the importance of proper calf rearing, but others need more information to improve calf management. Positive results obtained from the educational works in the county can change farmers' attitudes and traditional beliefs and lead them to adopt better farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the historical process, diseases such as cholera, plague, syphilis, malaria and smallpox are the foremost epidemic diseases that have deeply affected many world states. The Ottoman Empire, especially since the 19th century, it has been exposed to smallpox epidemics like other world states. Even though the political crises, military losses and economic depressions, the goverment tried to carry out this process successfully as a result of the health policies it carried out during the epidemic. Vaccination has been the most important treatment method in the fight against smallpox. The province of Konya, which was the capital of the Seljuq Empire and located on the important road route of Central Anatolia, is one of the centers affected by smallpox. Smallpox cases were also occured in the province and in the sanjak, district and sub-districts of the province. The state tried to support the province against epidemics by sending health personnel with sanitary equipment such as vaccine officers, empty and full vaccine tubes. Present study; it constitutes an example of smallpox epidemic cases in the Ottoman Empire. The study was written in line with the documents of the Presidency Ottoman Archives, the sources of the period, the yearbooks of the province and various scientific research-analysis works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diseases can be seen in people in different periods throughout history. Some of these diseases have become epidemics. Epidemic diseases from the past to the present have left deep marks in the society. Measures against epidemics have also been attempted in the past. Since the source of the epidemic diseases seen in the history and the effects of the disease are unknown, fear prevailed in the society. With the changes in the process and the steps taken in the field of health, the appropriate vaccine against epidemic diseases was found and the quarantine system was put into operation. However, despite the steps taken, it was understood that the public did not have enough information, so efforts were made to raise the awareness of the public. Despite the studies, the lethal effect of epidemics has led to ruptures in relations within society. The epidemic also had an impact on the economy and famines appeared in the society. Epidemic diseases affect the socioeconomic life of the society very badly, and negativities have been noticed in individuals due to the epidemic. It has been found that the epidemic mostly affects people with weak body resistance (elderly, children). The Ottoman State continued its determination and acted within the framework of its activities in the fight against epidemic diseases. This determination continues today, and the state continues its struggle against the epidemic with its policies. In this study, after giving historical information about some epidemic diseases such as plague, syphilis, cholera, smallpox, malaria, measles, new coronavirus (covit-19), the effect of these diseases on the society was tried to be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is seen that the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, spent the intensive effort for her vassal despite the political, military and economic troubles. One of the most important health problems in the period smallpox was a great danger, especially for children. The Empire has taken a series of measures against smallpox in order to raise a healthy generation and also to abolish the lack of population. The most important application of these measures was vaccinated against the disease. The smallpox vaccine was conveyed from Europe to extinguish smallpox. Later on founded the house vaccination in the different regions of the country, it was tried to regain the health of those afflicted with the disease. On the other hand, the vaccination especially in public schools and prisons in the living areas where more attention is understood that. Sometimes the school holidays to be taken as measures. By the end of the nineteenth century, especially in the early twentieth century, the four regulations were prepared to eliminate smallpox. Any defects in after each regulation, which will be issued a new regulation, by eliminating all the legal ways to eliminate smallpox is used. To avoid any omissions in the vaccine, particularly the region's administrator responsible for the afflicted families, even families who do not take the smallpox vaccine administered with a fine and punishment. In the Ottoman Empire at that time showed itself in the economic difficulties during the implementation of the smallpox vaccine, and sometimes doctors and also vaccinators could not take any payments due to these economic distress. All these information were reflected in the documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poet Ebu'l - Ala Maarri who has an important personality in Arabic literaure had the small pox in his infancy and had a very difficult life. The poet who began learn Arabic language and literature wrote many works in the field of prose and poetry. He especially contributed the poem' s and prose's being used in philosophy. In this study, we handled the students, teachers and literary personality of Ebu'l Ala el-Maarri and the geography he was brought up. We also tackled the difficulties in his life and how they affected his social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]