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Urban lighting can ensure the safety of people or properties, highlight the architectural or historical features of cities, or provide a healthy use of functionally various facilities by users. In this respect, a properly designed urban lighting can respond to various functional needs and play an active role in revealing the different features of the city. In this respect, it should not be ignored that exterior lighting not only illuminates the environment, but also has social, cultural, and aesthetic effects. It is necessary to specially consider and construct the lighting designs of regions that reflect the connection of cities with the past, such as historical areas, that contribute to tourism, that have a positive effect on the identity of the city, and that have historical value. In this study, the existing lighting schemes of 26005 and 26012 streets, which are located in the Kayalıbag District of Adana city, where registered and traditional buildings are located, were examined and the insufficient conditions in terms of lighting were determined by on-site measurement and observation method. In the light of the obtained data, functional lighting design alternatives are suggested. Suggested designs were modeled in computer environment and compared with current lighting conditions and analyzes were made. It has been revealed that the proposed designs are more successful in providing visual comfort conditions and use energy more effectively compared to the current situation within the framework of lighting standards. In addition, it has been seen that the designs made illuminate the buildings and regions in accordance with the historical importance of the area. With the design and analysis made, it is aimed to draw attention to the urban identity, aesthetic value, and the effect of urban lighting on energy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gashanes, which were established to meet the lighting and heating needs of Dolmabahçe and Beylerbeyi Palaces, shared their surplus production with the outside to illuminate the surrounding districts. Thus, the lighting of Istanbul with gas started and the public lighting of its streets was first possible with gas. After the Dolmabahçe and Kuzguncuk gasworks established in the middle of the 19th century, Yedikule and Hasanpaşa Gashouses were put into service in the last quarter of the century. The use of gas in Istanbul, in its journey that has passed through many stages and reached a century and a half, experienced the biggest leap over the rate of increase in the number of subscribers after 1945, when Hasanpaşa and Yedikule Gasworks were nationalized, and entered a downward trend after 1965. The working range was determined between 1945-1967 after the nationalization, in which the use of coal gas was intense. Over the inter-year performance of the enterprise, the gas consumption of the society has been evaluated and the economic income-expenditure balance has been compared. It is aimed to determine the profit or loss of the gas company and to address the reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased electricity consumption as a result of countries‟ economic development indicators has caused the examination of the contribution of electricity consumption to economic growth by scholars and policymakers. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the electricity consumption and the economic growth in the light of data on sectorial level that come from Turkey‟s 81 provinces. In this respect, the relationship between electricity use and economic growth in government facilities, industrial facilities, commercial facilities, residential and other facilities (agricultural irrigation, street lighting, etc.) of 81 provinces for the period 2004-2016 was analyzed using Panel ARDL Boundary Test. According to the test results, a positive relationship was found between the amounts of long term electricity consumption in commercials and residential and the reel GDP of the provinces. However, a negative relationship was also found between electricity consumption in government facilities, industrial and other sector facilities. Further, , the results showed that electricity consumption of all the sectors has positive and significant coefficients in the short term. The residential electricity consumption was found to possess the highest effect among the variables affecting the real GDP values of the provinces both in the long term and short term. When the analysis is examined in terms of provinces, it is observed that though the long-term coefficients are common, the short-term results differentiate. It is seen that error correction coefficient gives significant results only in 21 provinces among 81 provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]