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In addition to increasing the productivity of countries, technology is one of the components that will strengthen the competitiveness in international trade. Countries prefer one of two methods to access technology. Transferring technology developed abroad is one of these methods. The level of openness of the country is decisive in technology transfer. In the second method, the country will turn to investments that will develop new technology. Developing new technology depends on the human capital stock of the country on the one hand, and the size of the resources it can allocate for R&D on the other. In this study, the relationship between trade openness and R&D expenditures in G-20 countries was investigated. Annual data for the period 1996-2019 were used. The causality relationship between the variables was examined by Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) Panel Causality Test and a one-way causality relationship was found from R&D expenditures to trade openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical issues regarding non-humanoid intelligence that can turn the dark visions of science fiction into science fact are multiplying and becoming the focus of popular attention as intelligent machines become almost ubiquitous. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms or thinking machines bring with them a number of ethical problems as they take on serious obligations of modern life and move towards becoming an indispensable stage of social life. In this study, which includes thematic problems related to artificial intelligence supported systems, which are launched as transformative technology, it is aimed to clarify the responsibility areas of artificial intelligence and what the ethical concerns and problems about artificial intelligence are. In the article, which draws attention to the fact that artificial intelligence has the potential to redefine our traditional moral concepts, ethical approaches and moral theories, the need for ethical principles in artificial intelligence design is demonstrated with examples from current research in the field of technology. Emphasizing that we are rapidly approaching a period in which the design, distribution and control of new technologies and technological processes are transferred to machines, the aim of this study is to avoid any technological straying that may occur depending on the speed of innovation. The article calls on both policy makers and legislators to meticulously process ethical values and principles into AI under the guidance of philosophy in order to resolve the ethical problems that arise in AI and to alleviate concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging market economies represent a group of countries whose economic and social weight is expected to increase in the world in terms of the increase in their share of World Trade, high growth rates, increasing population and potential in the recent period. "Technology" is considered important for the emergence of existing potential in these countries. But emerging market economies have lagged behind developed countries in technology and failed to unlock their potential. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), on the other hand, is an important type of investment that brings many developments in both economic and social terms, especially in technology. FDI provides capital and technology transfer to the country of entry. It is assumed that this transfer of technology will be transferred to other sectors as a result of the spread, which will lead to both economic and social development. Therefore, it becomes important to determine the economic and social factors that determine FDI. In this study, the determinants of FDI are investigated in the short and long term using data from 22 emerging market economies selected for the period 1996-2019. According to the results obtained using the panel ARDL method, increases in corruption control, external openness rate, total labor force, gross fixed capital and rule of law variables have a positive impact on FDI, while increases in political risks negatively affect FDI inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing pressure of competition in a globalizing world forces the countries that aim to grow rapidly to strengthen their market shares. This requires technological innovations, and scientific knowledge, which is their primary source. In this respect, the main aim of the study is to examine the effects of international technology spillover channels on the innovation performance of firms operating in the Turkish manufacturing industry and to reveal whether this effect shows significant differences with respect to sectoral technology intensity. For the aim of the study, the data of 311 firms covering the period of 2011-2015 were provided by TURKSTAT. The results obtained based on the SGMM estimator show that the technology absorptive capacity of firms operating only in high-technology-intensive industries have a strong positive and significant effect on the innovation performance. In addition, the results of the study show that Foreign Direct Investment has a stronger positive and significant effect on the innovation performance of firms operating in low-technology-intensive sectors than firms operating in high-tech-intensive sectors. Moreover, export activities have almost the same positive and significant effect on the innovation performance of firms in high and low technology intensive sectors. On the other hand, technology transfer expenditures have a positive and significant effect on the new product sales only for firms operating in high technology intensive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of migration and immigrants is one of the most up-to-date topics of the contemporary world. It is studied in a multifaceted manner by different disciplines in the literature. This study tries to determine the contribution of immigrant and exchangees migration, who are international immigrant, to the development of entrepreneurship culture and their effects on the development of regions in the context of information and technology diffusion between regions. For this, Eskişehir and Samsun provinces, where the immigrants and immigrants migrated, were chosen as the research area. In our study, both primary and secondary data were used. As primary data was preferred, the in-depth interview technique of the qualitative research method. In the study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with immigrant associations, institutions, and individuals in the research area using the snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interview forms were used in the interviews. Statistics, books, and other literature sources were used as secondary data. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and presented in a systematic way. According to the analyzes and evaluations made, the economic effects of immigrant and exchange migrations on their regions in the context of information and technology differ. It has been concluded that this situation is caused by the time of migration, the quality of the immigrants and the spatial differences of the destination and source regions. Our study is unique in terms of comparing the regional effects of two different migration phenomena in terms of time, place, and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization processes show development and change in certain periods with the development of technology. Today, the concept of Industry 4.0, which is a period in which machines with artificial intelligence exist, high levels of connectivity are provided and high-tech video technologies are used, is mentioned. With these technologies, human beings provide technology transfer from the production sector to the service sector, as in the previous industrial periods. In this period, the technologies developed in the industry started to be applied in the Held of advertising. Therefore, innovative changes are expected in advertising technologies, advertising types, advertising media, advertising methods and practice areas of advertising. In this research, it is aimed to create a road map for the future by predicting how the technologies mentioned together with industry 4.0 will change the advertising industry. In this context, data which consists of three stages was collected from advertising experts using the Delphi survey method. With the data obtained within the scope of the study, the reflections of the developments experienced with industry 4.0 in the Held of advertising were mentioned and the future road map of advertising was created. It has been concluded that the prominent issues in the changes to be experienced in the advertising technology will be personalized advertisements, region-specific advertisements, advertisements that appeal to the senses, and augmented or virtual reality advertisements. The outputs of the study are expected to guide advertising professionals and practitioners to prepare for future changes and to shed light on future advertising research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to ensuring the permanence of learning by transforming theoretical knowledge into practice, internship has an important place in university education in terms of familiarity with the business environment and professional experience before graduation. The main issue in internship practice is to see and experience the work and processes related to the discipline they study in. However, due to the Covid-19 epidemic of 2020, the institutions' refusal to accept interns has hampered the appropriateness of the practices. Some departments seeking to not deprive students of the achievements of internship practices, applied online internship programs for a solution, as in theoretical courses. In this study, it is aimed to measure the effects on students of online internship practice of Department of Information Management, Çankırı Karatekin University, which was carried out as a result of the cancellation of the internship, which has an important place in Information Management education, during the pandemic. In this practice, which is carried out in cooperation with the two leading professional associations of the discipline, University and Research Librarians Association and Turkish Librarians Association, in a 4-week period, online seminars were given to 114 students by 30 speakers in 22 sessions on 5 main topics, including the skills transferred to students in face-to-face internship practice. In the study, which was planned to determine the attitudes of the students about the seminars, the situations of the sessions, speakers and the department were evaluated. In the study using descriptive method, at the end of the internship application, the results of the questionnaire applied to the students were evaluated by the "surveey" tool and it was understood that the students generally benefited from the program. Although there is no alternative to face-to-face internship, it has emerged that they defend the opinion that participation in such practices carried out due to force majeure is necessary. The study will be successful to the extent that such programs serve the awareness that planned and systematic implementation and broad participation with both the student and the institution are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2011, when the concept of Industry 4.0 was introduced, it has become a compulsory competition tool for businesses rather than a technological enthusiasm, and every unit within the business has started to achieve more efficient results by taking advantage of these technological developments. Moreover, the new industrial tools, which are becoming popular among SMEs, not large enterprises, have started to be seen as a way to get more shares from the profit pie. The main purpose of this study is to examine the approach and perception of companies in the Düzce region on Industry 4.0. The convenience sampling method was used in the study. Data were obtained from 69 companies by conducting surveys. According to the results of the analysis, the general knowledge level of the enterprises towards Industry 4.0 and their strategy and organizational approaches increase their innovation tendencies. Management and organizational approaches to Industry 4.0 also positively affect the level of cooperation with other institutions (universities, economic development organizations, technology transfer offices, consultancy companies, etc.). Additionally, it has been observed that enterprises do not benefit from these technologies as much as the importance they attach to Industry 4.0 technologies. In other words, although businesses care about Industry 4.0 technologies, they do not benefit from them sufficiently. In addition, it has been observed that businesses mostly benefit from wireless communication technologies and sensor technologies, and at least in subjects such as robotics and automation, machine learning and artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world growth rate is mainly driven by the technologically leading economies. Technology and science are important factors in terms of increasing the growth, development and welfare level of countries. In the study, the technology phenomenon and whether the countries can be independent in terms of this phenomenon or not are also evaluated. Technological developments are important agents of change of a society both at the social and economic level. Technology is based on innovation. Various variables such as R&D expenses, R&D inputs, internet usage, number of personnel and number of patents are used to measure the innovation level. In this study, in the context of the technology phenomenon, for the 1996-2017 period, the countries which are industrialized and have high technology such as USA, Canada, Germany, Japan and France are selected. And as the important indicators of the trade performance; the relationship between imports, exports, real gross domestic product per capita and the number of patents accepted as an innovation indicator is determined. Panel data analysis method is used for this study. The model is tested by the panel data analysis and controlled whether the model provided the assumptions or not. The model is estimated by the Driscoll-Kraay resistive standard estimator. The random-effects model is included in the analysis and when the outputs are examined, it is concluded that all variables used in the model were significant in explaining the patent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic maintenance and malfunction/damage detection are usually carried out manually, by maintenance personnel. Although there are some situations where simple observations are sufficient for fault detections, measuring instruments are generally needed. On the other hand, direct intervention of maintenance personnel is also required in many cases to eliminate malfunctions. Because of the fact that it is not yet possible in today’s technology to transfer all the activities performed by the maintenance personnel to the robots, the robots used in maintenance, fault detection and repair are seen as auxiliary equipment for maintenance personnel. As there is no one robot useable for all sorts of maintenance needs, many applications call for task-based robots. In this study, applications and benefits of robotic maintenance are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological development takes place largely through international technology transfer and is measured by total factor productivity. Total factor productivity increases through technology transfer. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of technology transfer on total factor productivity. In this context, BRICS-T countries, which constitute a significant part of developing countries, examined the total factor productivity of 2001-2015, the effects of foreign research and development activities and foreign direct investments on the import channel. Long and short term predictions with panel data analysis show that the import channel works in technology transfer. Research and development expenditure in the importing countries increases total factor productivity in the host country. Although foreign direct investment is less influenced by research and development activities, it increases total factor productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey and Germany are two countries which have well advanced relations in the fields of politics, economy, military, education and science for many years. These relations contribute to both sides in different aspects. However, when two countries are compared with each other, Germany transfers massive amounts of science and especially technology to Turkey. The present study deals with the transferring scientific experience from Germany to Turkey within the framework of universities, especially focusing on the Turkish-German University. Following a brief history of Turkish-German relations, the importance of the republican period as well as Turkish-German universities regarding the relations between both countries will be analysed through expert opinions and empirical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The share of offset practices in the world trade has been increasing over the years. Offset practices are incresingly being used as a way especially to transfer technology from abroad and to finance new investments. In Turkey offset practices are used extensively in defense industry. They have been instrumental in reducing the high cost of aquiring weapons, vehicles and equipment needed by Turkish Armed Forces, and in minimizing the effect of these expenditure on balance of payments. In this study we review the offset as a concept and types of offset and explain the functions the offset serves. We also discuss the importance of offset practices for the world trade and Turkey. In addition, history of offset practices and projects in the world and Turkey is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foresight is the whole systematic studies performed for determining spreading technologies and strategic researches which will provide the most economic, environmental and social benefits to the country in the future by taking into account of the long term expectancies relating to science, technology, economy, environment and society's future. In its other definition, it is a systematic process which includes to concern with science, technology, economy and society's long term perspective in order to define strategic researches and spreading technology fields. Foresight studies can be gathered under three generation. In the first generation studies, foresight consisted of only technology forecasting. Technology experts and futurologists were participated in these foresight studies, in the second generation foresight studies, market and technology were considered together and participants consisted of academicians and industrialists. And in the third generation foresight studies, social dimension was accompanied to technology and market.. Expertise levels of experts who are consulted for their opinions and their effects to the results of foresight are subjects of the discussion in this extent. The subject is concerned within the frame of scientific approach by basing on these discussions and the effects of expertise levels of the experts consulted to the outputs is measured statistically by making use of data with the permission of TÜBİTAK from Vision 2023 delphi survey, the first national technology foresight project of Turkey. The subject on selecting experts consulted for their opinions delphi surveys according to their expertise levels, which is discussed many countries and literatures within the context of National Technology Foresight projects is studied. The matter that the persons having knowledge and experience regarding the subject intensively being in agreement recently in the literature is in the direction that every expertise level adds a different point of view to the study. The argument that the studies including only the experts regarding the subject reflect a narrow point of view is common However, in the articles written before 2000, traditional approach defense was in the direction that studies only with experts having high-er and medium expertise levels provides to focus on more specific technology fields and obtains more effective results scientifically. Japan Delphi survey still carries out its performances with experts having higher expertise levels. "Expertise" subject taking place in the literature is examined with a new agenda by approaching more different point of view within the study extent. The effect of taking into account of determination of expertise levels and specific/strategic technology fields of the expert consulted both in panels and in Delphi survey as a factor to the results is examined statistically within the context of national technology fore-sight project. Hypothesis is that taking into account of expertise levels of the experts participating in Delphi Survey and consulted for their opinions as a factor creates a difference in the grading strategic technology fields determined as a result of the study. Data of Delphi Survey is firstly evaluated by considering the expertise levels of all experts equal and then new results are occurred by weighting the answers they stated for every statement with their expertise levels. Two different results from the answers the same sample group gave are compared to each other and are entered to appropriate tests. The results of these tests prove that the contribution values are different from each other in cases of the same expertise level and of the different expertise level of all participants. And this shows that taking into account of expertise level as a factor causes differentiation of the strategic technology fields determined according to Delphi Survey performed within the context of foresight study and confirms hypothesis. National technology foresight projects have a critical importance for countries wishing to gain competency to be a power for building the future on their own. In this field; it is expected that new results obtained with scientific approach by analyzing the re-searches made for methodology, performance and result, evidences put forward with different approaches will be a base for next studies and provide important improvement opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes some characteristics of canned food culture in Dagestani society, and draws attention into its economic importance for society and its impact on family budget. On the other hand, it puts out the interrelationship between culture and economy. Dagestanes learnt canned culture from Russians, but by the time they could contribute it and made it their own culture. Although the production of canned food has decreased in the factories due to not to be able to keep pase with modern thechnologies and occuring economic crises, people prepare canned food in their households more than that before. The reason underlining such a difference is that the governments could not take necessary measures to improve the technologies in canned food industry, but people could succeed to continue their useful cultural habit. Our survey research has showed that 98 percent of the families made canned food every year. They have formed many new norms and values concerning the canning culture. The average of canned food produced by Dagestani families per year is approximately 100 balon (300 litres). Thus it has appeared that canned food culture today plays a vital role in overcoming economic crises in Dagestani society by contributing family budged. We can say that canned food is a good and true answer to the question "What have you prepared today for tomorrow?". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology forecasting is used for analyzing the level of technology in long term and the impacts of this technological level. Technology forecasting methods are basically divided into two categories as qualitative and quantitative methods, which are further divided into more detailed subgroups. The purpose of this research is to develop forecasting methods which would help companies to predict the future of the technology that they are planning to use on their products and manage their resources and investments accordingly. In this article, comparisons among several technology forecasting methods are made after an explanation of these methods in detail. Then, isolation technology in white goods sector is set as an example and some performance criteria are defined for this technology. Patent analysis is used as the technology forecast method and the forecasts are made using pearl curve and technology substitution model that is created from this patent analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER APPLICATIONS CONDUCTED BY TURKISH DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN TECHNO PARKS OF ANKARA; APPLICATIONS OF ODTU TECHNO PARK AND BİLKENT CYBERPARK" is presented.