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Objective:The sleep/wake cycle plays a vital role in mental health and daily life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in the young population and their effect on psychological health and mental disability.Materials and Methods:The present study is part of the first phase of the Ravansar cohort (a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran cohort) and included 2991 participants from Ravansar, Iran. Data were collected using standard questionnaires, including the Kessler Psychological Distress (PD) Scale (K10), Sheehan Disability Scale, and sleep timing.Results:The prevalence of advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD) was 0.4% in the sample, the prevalence of delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) was 4.1%, and the prevalence of the desire to change sleep patterns was 61.3%. The results also showed that the level of PD in people with and without ASPD was not significant, but the level of PD was significantly higher in people with DSPD compared to those without (p

Assessments of Soil physical properties and estimation of their associated variability are essential for making site-specific decisions on soil and crop management This study examined the spatial variability of soil hydro-physical properties and variance structure at Sector F1 of the Jibia Irrigation project Katsina State, Nigeria. Grid sampling technique was used to obtain one hundred and forty-four (144) soil samples from 206 ha of land using Google earth. The grids were drawn using Google earth software at intervals of 150 m x 150 m. Surface soil samples (0 - 20 cm) were collected at grid intersection points. The collected soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 2mm sieve, and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures for physical parameters. The ArcGIS software package 10.3 was used to model the variance structure of Sand, Silt, Clay, Bulk density, Particle density, Percent total porosity and Organic Matter (OM). Results obtained revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 5.724% in particle density to 109% in clay. The Semivariogram showed that the range of spatial dependence varied from 0.342m for (Dry mean weight diameter) to 9.3m (Organic matter) for all measured soil properties. High Spatial dependency ratios were observed for Bulk density, Sand, Silt and clay contents. Particle density exhibited moderate spatial dependency (Nugget to sill ratio 0.25 – 0.75%). Wet Mean weight diameter and organic matter content have a weak spatial dependency. The results indicated that sandy textured soils dominated the greater part of the study area with low to moderate organic matter content. The soils being sandy-dominated has a high infiltration rate and low ability to retain moisture and nutrients were observed as the major characteristics of the soil of the study area.

Aim:Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is one of the most important components of the immune system and has a prominent role in preventing infections that are transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory mucosa. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of massage on the salivary sIgA level in pre-term infants and the secondary objective was to assess the effect of massage on neonatal weight gain.Materials and Methods:This study was performed on 150 preterm infants weighing between 1,500 gm and 2,000 gm who were hospitalized in 3 main medical centers of Khorramabad city, Iran between March 2018 and March 2019. The 3 major selected centers were Asalian, Shahid Madani and Shahid Rahimi Hospitals. All infants were randomly allocated to either the intervention (n=75) or the control (n=75) group. Due to our criteria, 18 patients were excluded from this study. In total, 132 infants were included in this study. The initial samples of sIgA were obtained from the saliva of the neonates in both groups on the second day after birth and when acute symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome had resolved. The second samples were collected on the 14th day after birth. During this period, neonates of the intervention group were massaged properly using the Field technique for 15 minutes, three times a day by a trained Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nurse for 12 consecutive days. It should be noted that due to the effect of breast milk on the neonates’ sIgA levels, we selected all subjects from those who were not fed with breast milk for some reason, but were fed with formula instead.Results:According to our findings, a significant difference was observed between the mean weight of the infants between the second and 14th days after birth in both the intervention and control groups (p

Introduction: Nowadays, due to the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics, it has been a problematic agent in clinical settings. As a significant nosocomial pathogen, A. baumannii isolates use resistant genes and biofilm development as means of survival. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, aminoglycoside and carbapenems resistance genes, and biofilm formation among clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019. In all, 133 nonduplicated isolates of A. baumannii were isolated from Yasuj and Bandar Abbas, located in Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion. Carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistant genes were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction method. The ability to generate biofilms was evaluated using the microtiter plate method. Results: In this study, all isolates contained blaOXA-51-like and were confirmed as A. baumannii. High-level resistance was observed for carbapenems and aminoglycosides. The prevalence of oxacillinase genes blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like was 89 (66.9%) and 46 (34.6%), respectively. Moreover, the co-occurrence of bla-OXA-23-like and bla-OXA-24-like was 10 (7.5%). A total of 73 (54.9%) and 69 (51.9%) were positive for aac (3)-I and aph (3’)-I, respectively. Furthermore, the coexistence of two genes was obtained in 55 (41.4%) isolates. The result demonstrates that 129 (97%) of isolated were strong, three (2.3%) moderate, and one (0.8%) weak biofilm producer. Conclusion: Results revealed that bla-OXA-23-like and aac (3)-I genes were the most prevalent resistance genes. Since a vast majority of isolates were drug-resistant with strong biofilms, infection control programs and policies should be frequently upgraded to control the transmission of drug-resistant A. baumannii isolates in the future.

Güneş kurutucu sistemi, ileri bir doğal güneş kurutma teknolojisi olarak geniş alanlardada kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; atık boya çamurunun yönetimi sürecinde güneşle kurutmayı alternatif bir proses olarak incelemektir. Çalışmada faz değiştirme malzemesi olarak parafin içeren bir güneş kurutma sistemi tasarlanarak kurutma verimliliği araştırılmıştır. Kurutulan çamur kalınlığının düşük olması sebebiyle kurutma sırasında karıştırmanın etkisi gözlenememiştir. Kurutma işlemi 8 saatte 1849 Wh/m2 kümülatif güneş radyasyonu ile yapılmıştır. İç sıcaklık, nem, güneş radyasyonu, zaman, çamur kütlesi ve hacmini azaltmanın yanı sıra kurutucuda kullanılan ekipmanlar ısı transferini güçlendirmek için önemli faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Sistemde fan ile oluşturulan hava sirkülasyonunun yetersiz olduğu hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) ile tespit edilmiştir, ve simülasyon modeli kurutma sisteminin optimize edilmesi için kullanılmıştır. Gözenekli yapının oluşumu, bir tarama elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak kurutulmuş çamurda gözlenmiştir. Atık boya çamurunun yönetiminde güneş kurutucusunun geliştirilmeler sonrası kullanılabilecek bir alternatif olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Son yıllarda, farklı konular için sunulan dijital bilgi kaynaklarının sayısı aşırı miktarda artmaktadır. Bu dijital bilgi kaynaklarına erişim desteği sunan sistemlerin birçoğu tarama, arama ve bilgi geri kazanımı araçlarına odaklanmıştır. Sayısal kütüphaneler, elektronik kitaplıklar ve Web sayfaları, bilgi erişimini iyileştirmek, belge koleksiyonlarını farklı anahtar kriterlere göre hiyerarşik olarak oluşturmak ve düzenlemek için yeni birçok açılım sunmaktadır. Farklı arama araçları, bilgi erişim teknikleri kullanılarak erişilebilen belgeleri düzenlemek, endekslemek ve özetlemek için yazılım tabanlı hizmetleri kullanarak daha kapsamlı bir doküman kapsamı sunulabilmektedir. Dijital kütüphanelerdeki arama mekanizmalarına uygulanan teknolojiler, doküman koleksiyonlarını yönetmek, anlamlı veri çıkarmak ve doküman ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi için farklı yöntem ve teknolojilerin kullanımını zorunlu kılmıştır. Özellikle belgeler arasındaki ilişki ne biçimleri ne de türleri ile açıkça tanımlanamamaktadır. Bu çalışma, sayısal kütüphaneler için belgelerin içeriğinden üst-veri çıkarımı, varlık isimlerinin elde edilmesi, anahtar kelimelerin elde erilmesi ve doküman benzerliklerinin oluşturulması için kullanılan yöntem ve teknikler için kapsamlı bir çalışma sunmaktadır.

The article describes the history of the Koran, published by the “Terdzhiman” printing house in Bakhchisarai in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The author analyzed the peculiarities, reviewed the types and number of copies of the Muslim holy book published by I. Gasprinsky, as well as provides data on the copies of the Bakhchisarai press that have survived today.

Maize grain yield is a complicated character which depends on multiple factors. Considering this aspect, we carried out an experiment to estimate the genetic parameters and character association of thirty inbred line in maize during November 2017 to April 2018. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for a Number of kernel row per ear (NKRE), ear diameter (ED), plant height (PH), number of kernels per row (NKR). However, heritability (percentage) exhibited highest for the yield per plant (YP), thousands kernel weight (TKW), cob weight (CW), first ear height (FEH), ear length (EL). The percentage of genetic advance (GAM%) was high for YP, CW, PH, FEH, TKW. Results demonstrated that EL has a significant positive correlation with NKR (r = 0.661**). YP showed significant positive correlation with PH (r = 0.718**). While EL (r = 0.587**), NKR (r = 0.501**), NKE (r = 0.422**), and TKW (r = 0.612**) showed insignificant association with YP (0.718). YP has insignificant association with EL to NKRE (r = -0.0414) and PH to FEH (r = -0.092). Highest and positive direct effect on YP was exhibited by TKW (0.519). Considering all traits, IL-28, performed better followed by IL-9, IL-15, and IL-10. The development of hybrids genotypes, these genotypes have the chance to obtain higher heterosis with high performing crosses.

Metastasis to the optic nerve is very rare. We report a case of metastatic breast cancer to the optic nerve head without the involvement of other ocular or orbital structures. The patient, a 39-year-old female who had been previously treated for breast cancer, reported a gradually progressive decrement in visual acuity of the right eye during the past two months. Fundus examination of the affected eye revealed swelling of the optic disc which was infiltrated by a yellowish mass. Further evaluation using optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography showed optic disc swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no pathologic findings. With a diagnosis of unilateral infiltrative optic neuropathy, we referred the patient to an oncologist for further evaluation.

Citrus reticulata Blanco crude flowers extracts (CFE) at four different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4%, v/v) were used as natural milk coagulant instead of rennet to apply for Cheddar cheese making from buffalo milk. The physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheeses were compared with cheese made with 0.002% (v/v) rennet (control cheese). Physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheese showed that cheese made with 1% and 2% of CFE had a crumbly and slightly softer texture/appearance. While cheeses containing 3 and 4% crude flowers extracts had semi-hard texture/appearance of curd similar to rennet added cheese. Protein analysis shows that crude flowers extracts made cheese had significantly higher protein content than control. The Cheddar cheese with 3% and 4% CFE were preferred by panelists instead of 1% and 2% CFE for their taste, texture/appearance and overall acceptability. Conclusively, crude flowers extracts coagulated Cheddar cheese fulfills the compositional requirement with acceptable organoleptic characteristics and at the same time provides nutritional health benefits.

Understanding consumer segment is important especially in marketing strategies. Segmentation of the consumers depend on many factors including socio demographic factors of the consumers, product line to be considered, types of retail formats used by the consumers, attributes of the product as well as that of retail formats among other factors. This study examined and segmented the fresh fruits consumers based on the product attributes and store attributes considered by the consumers in choosing the place for their fresh fruits purchases. Results of the study indicates the most important fresh fruits attributes and that of retail formats considered by the Klang valley fresh fruits consumers when purchasing the product. Also using statistical analysis technique with the data collected from the fresh fruits consumers; they were segmented into three different segments each with its peculiar characteristics different from the other. The result suggests that for effective marketing strategies, there is need to consider the needs of each member of segment in meeting their needs as well as capturing the targeted segment.

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology is gaining popularity worldwide for its potential of extending shelf life of fresh produce with better fruit quality. Effect of MAP (using Xtend® bags), was investigated on postharvest storage life and quality of mango cvs Sindhri and Sufaid Chaunsa stored at 11°C with 80-85% RH for 4 and 5 weeks respectively, in comparison with un-bagged (control) fruit. Uniform physiological mature fruit of Sindhri and Sufaid Chaunsa were harvested from a commercial mango orchard along with 4-5 cm long pedicel and were de-sapped in 0.5% lime solution (to avoid sap burn injury). Later on fruit were given cold water fungicidal dip (Sportak @ 0.5ml/L, Active Ingredient: Prochloraz) followed by hot water treatment (52°C; 5 min). After shade drying and pre-cooling (11°C; 10-12 hours), fruit were packed according to the treatment combination and stored at 11°C. Fruit of both varieties were removed after 2, 3 and 4 weeks of storage followed by ripening at 24±2°C with an additional removal after 5 weeks for Sufaid Chaunsa only. Fruit quality was evaluated for various bio-chemical, organoleptic and physical parameters at two stages of ripening (at removal day and at final ripening day). Fruit of both varieties stored in MAP exhibited better firmness and retained green colour as compared to un-bagged fruit. Quality of fruit subjected to postharvest fungicidal application and hot water treatments and stored under MAP at 11°C showed better peel colour development and less disease development. Moreover, storage durations and post storage ripening stages significantly affected fruit peel colour, textural softness and disease development. Further, cv. Sindhri showed better storage potential with lower disease incidence as compared to cv. Sufaid Chaunsa which warrants further studies on disease control aspects.

Copyright of Archives Medical Review Journal / Arsiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sınır ötesi yasal anlayış, herhangi bir yargı yetkisinin, söz konusu sistemle çelişen durumu çözmesine yardımcı olacak eril bir aygıttır. Anlamanın farkına varmak için, bazı teorik araçlar merkezi oyuncular olarak işlev görür. Bu araçlar arasında yasal haritacılık çok önemlidir. Son yıllarda batı hukuk akademisinde karşılaştırmalı hukuk disiplininin yükselişini tetiklemiş olabilir. Buna karşılık, İslami yasaların, tüm bu anlayışlarla ve yüzyıllar öncesinin ötesinde zengin olduğu görülmüştür. Doktrin yöntemini benimseyen bu makale, İbn Haldun'un Mukaddimesindeki jeolojik ev sahipleriyle eşleştirildiği şekliyle İslam Hukuku'nun çeşitli yasal metodolojilerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, İbn Haldun'un, farklı doktrinsel okulların (madhahib) alanını, kartografik bir paradigma olarak betimleyip, batı hukukçuları ve hukuk akademisyenleri tarafından ağır basan bir İslami yasal haritacı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Pancreatic insulinomas are rare endocrine tumors and their diagnosis needs a high index of suspicion. Several patients receive an initial misdiagnosis before the tumor is being finally detected. We report on two patients who presented with vague and bizarre personality and behavioral changes. One patient was initially diagnosed with hysteria and both eventually were diagnosed with complex partial epilepsy. They had not improved on anti-epileptic medications and their symptomatology continued to deteriorate. Their final diagnosis turned out to be pancreatic insulinoma. Because of the rarity of insulinomas as well as their diverse and non-pathognomonic symptoms, the diagnosis remains challenging and may quite well escape detection unless it is entertained. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(4.000): 860-867]

Amaç: Çeşitli çalışmalar, periferal arterler üzerinde romatoid artrit etkisini (RA) değerlendirmeyi araştırmış ve intimal kalınlaşmanın geç gelişimi ve ateroskleroz arasında bir ilişki bulmuştur. Biz romatoid artrit hastalarında subklinik periferik damar hastalığının (PVD) yaygınlığını ortaya çıkarmayı denedik. Materyal ve Metod : Bu vaka kontrol çalışmasına romatoid tanısı almış 60 hasta dahil oldu. Kırk yaş, cinsiyet ve vücut kitle indeksi uyumlu sağlıklı bireyler kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Tüm katılımcılar sigara içmeyen, hipertansif ve diyabet olmayan, normal lipid profiline sahip bireylerdi. Periferik arter hastalığı varlığı alt ekstremitenin her arter düzeyinde ayak bileği-kol basınç indeksi (ABPI) ölçülerek değerlendirildi. 0.9 ≤ indeks anormal olarak kabul edildi ve PVD" nin altında yatan olası bir yansıma olduğu düşünüldü. Bulgular: 40 kontrol bireyin sadece 3"ünün (% 7.5) anormal sonuçları (p-değeri

Amaç: İnmeler genellikle çok sayıda elektrokardiyografi (EKG) değişiklikleri ve QTc aralığının uzaması ile karakterizedir. Çalışmamızda akut inme ile başvuran kadın ve erkek hastaların QTc aralığını analiz ettik. Materyal ve Metod: Bu gözlemsel çalışmada Ağustos 2012"den Mayıs 2013'e, Süleymaniye genel eğitim hastanesinin nöroloji bölümünde akut inme ile başvuran 100 hasta dahil edildi; 50 iskemik inme ve 50 intraserebral hipertansif kanamalı. Tüm hastalara A&E kabulünü müteakip yarım saat içirisinde dinlenme durumunda EKG yapıldı. QTc aralığı hesaplanıp analiz edildi. Her iki inme tipinde de kadınlar ve erkekler arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıldı. Bulgular: İskemik grubunda 25 erkek ve 25 kadın vardı, 25 hastada (% 25, 13 erkek ve 12 kadın) QTc aralığı uzaması saptandı. Otuz iki erkek ve 18 kadın hemorajik grubu oluşturdu; QTc aralığı uzaması 18 erkek ve 8 kadında gözlendi (n = 26;% 26). QTc aralığı uzaması açısından hemorajik grup erkekler iskemik inmesi olan erkekler ile karşılaştırıldığında (P-değeri

Akut posterior fossa subdural hematom nadir olarak gözlenir ve çoğu travmaya bağlıdır. Travmatik olmayanlar ise anti-koagulan tedavi görmüş yada idiopatik trombositopenik purpura hastalarında rapor edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda ani ve ciddi oksipital baş ağrısı ile birlikte halsizlik, tekrarlayan kusmalar, dengesiz duruş ve yürüyüşü olan iranlı 57 yaşındaki bir erkek rapor edilmiştir. Bu kişi hipertansiyon veya diabet hastası değildir. Başında travma geçmişi bulunmamaktadır ve kişi uyuşturucu yada alkol kullanmadığını söylemektedir. Akut intra serebral hemoraji için ön bir tanı yapıldı. CT beyin taraması, posterior fossa bölgesinde sağ taraflı, ekstra aksiyal hilal şeklinde yoğunlaşmış bir alan olduğunu gösterdi. Rutin kan testleri, kanama zamanı, koagülasyon durumu ve trombosit sayımı normaldi. Hastada spontan gelişen akut infratentoryal subdural hematom vardı. Hasta tedavi edildi ve 5 gün sonra iyi bir şekilde taburcu edildi. O zamandan beri hasta klinik olarak veya radyolojik olarak takip edilemedi, çünkü hasta irana geri döndü. Hastanın durumu, klinik seyiri ve görüntüleri konservatif bir yönetim gerektirmiştir. Dolayısıyla genel anlamda hastanın durumu nispeten iyi olsada, CT beyin taramasını iyi yorumlanmadıkça ve olası teşhis konusunda önceden fikir sahibi olunmadıkca hastalık kolayca gözden kaçabilir.

Akut supratentoriyal intrahemisferik subdural hematomların gelişimi yaygın olmamalarına rağmen sıradışı lokasyonları, bilinmeyen hikayeleri ve tartışmalı yönetimi nedeniyle oldukça ayırtedicidir. Majör nedenleri kafa travmaları, kanama yatkınlığı veya koagülopatidir. Burada akut supratentoriyal intrahemisferik subdural hematom geçiren 3 hastayı rapor ettik. Hastalar sırasıyla 72, 66 ve 65 yaşlarındadır. İlk 2 hasta erkek, 3. hasta ise kadındır. Bu hastalarda kafa travması, kanama eğilimi veya koagülopati yoktu. İkinsi hipertansif ama diyabetik, epileptik veya alkolik değiller. İki hasta sırayla 1. ve 2. günlerde öldüler, üçüncü hasta akrabası tarafından akut ve acil bölümüne kabülünden 3 saat sonra taburcu edildi. Hiçbir hastaya nörocerrahi girişimi yapılmadı ve tüm hastalara konservatif tedavi protokolü uygulandı. İki hastada sol frontooksipital hematom tespit edilirken 3. hastada sağ parietooksipital hematom tespit edildi. Tüm hastalarımızda hematomun etiyolojisi ve gelişimi tartışmalı olmasına ve iyi araştırılamamasına rağmen ilk iki hastanın erken ölmesi ve 3. hastanın erken taburcu olması bu çalışma grubunun bütünlüğünü bozmuştur. Ayrıca bu iki hasta eğer daha erken takibe alınabilseydi belki de ölmeleri önlenebilirdir.

The development of acute supratentorial interhemispheric subdural hematomas is an uncommon yet a highly distinct event because of their unusual location, unknown natural history, and debated management. The majority develop in patients with head trauma, generalized bleeding tendency, or coagulopathy. We report on 3 patients who developed spontaneous acute inter-hemispheric subdural hematomas. They were 72, 66, and 65 years old, respectively. Two were males and the 3rd was a female. There was no head trauma, bleeding tendency, or coagulopathy. Two of them were hypertensive but none of them was diabetic, epileptic, or alcoholic. Two patients died, on day 1 and 2 respectively, and the 3rd patient was discharged by his next of kin after 3 hours of admission to our Acute and Emergency department. No neurosurgical intervention was carries out and all patients were treated conservatively. The hematoma was fronto-occipital and was located on the left side in 2 patients while in the 3rd patient it was a right-sided parieto-occipital one. Although the initial investigations had pointed out to the spontaneous development of those hematomas in our patients, a further search for an underlying etiology was supposed to be done, but the early death of 2 patients and the premature discharge of the 3rd patient had intersected with this work-up. The rapid deterioration and death of 2 patients might have been prevented if an early evacuation was done.

Purpose: Several studies tried to assess the influence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on peripheral arteries and found an association with later development of intimal thickness and atherosclerosis. We tried to uncover the prevalence of subclinical peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Materials and Methods: This case control-study had involved sixty patients who were diagnosed with rheumatoid. Forty age, gender, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals were selected as the control group. All participants were non-smokers, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetics and had a normal lipid profile. The presence of peripheral arterial disease was evaluated by measuring the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) at the level of each artery of the lower limbs. An index of ≤0.9 was considered abnormal and a possible reflection of an underlying PVD. Results: Twenty three (38%) out of the 60 RA patients demonstrated one or more abnormal arteries while only 3 (7.5%) out of the 40 control individuals had abnormal results (p-value

Purpose: Strokes results in a multitude of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, and a prolongation of the QTc interval is a well-observed one. We analyzed QTc interval prolongation among males and females who presented with acute stroke. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted at the department of neurology of the Sulaimaniya general teaching hospital, from August 2012 to May 2013, and involved 100 consecutive patients who presented with acute stroke; 50 had ischemic stroke and the rest (n=50) had hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. All patients underwent resting 12-lead ECG within half an hour of A&E admission. The QTc interval was calculated and analyzed. A comparison among males and females in both stroke types was done. Results: The ischemic group had 25 males and 25 females; 25 patients (25%; 13 males and 12 females) demonstrated QTc interval prolongation. Thirty two males and 18 females constituted the hemorrhagic group; QTc interval prolongation was observed in 18 males and 8 females (n=26; 26%). There was no statistically significant difference in the QTc interval prolongation among males of the ischemic stroke versus hemorrhagic group (P-value

Acute posterior fossa subdural hematomas are rare and most of them are trauma-related. Non-traumatic ones have been reported in patients who had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or those who had been receiving anticoagulant therapy. We report on the case of 57-year-old Iranian man who developed sudden severe occipital headache, drowsiness, repeated vomiting, and instability of stance and gait. He was neither hypertensive nor diabetic. No history of head trauma was obtained and he denied illicit drug or alcohol ingestion. A preliminary diagnosis of acute intra-cerebellar hemorrhage was made. His CT brain scan revealed an acute right-sided, extra-axial, crescent-shaped hyperdense area at the posterior fossa. His routine blood tests, platelets count, bleeding time, and coagulation profile were unremarkable. The patient had spontaneous acute infratentorial subdural hematoma. He was treated conservatively and discharged home well after 5 days. Since then, we could not follow-up him, clinically and radiologically because he went back to Iran. Our patient’s presentation, clinical course, and imaging study have called for conservative management, as the overall presentation was relatively benign. Unless the diagnosis is entertained and the CT brain scan is well-interpreted, the diagnosis may easily escape detection.

Amaç: Laküner Iskemik inmeler tüm iskemik inmelerin yaklaşık % 25"ini oluşturmaktadır.Bu çalışmada bu inme türünün kadınlar ve erkeklerde risk faktörleri ve klinik paternleri açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Bu gözlemsel çalışma, ilk kez Laküner inmesi olan 50 ardışık hastada 1 Aralık 2010-1 Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında Irak Süleymaniye Genel Eğitim Hastanesi Nöroloji Bölümünde yapılmıştır.Hastaların risk faktörleri, klinik sunumu, ve inme paternleri kaydedilerek erkekler ve kadınlar arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıldı. Bulgular: Erkek ve kadın oranı 1.7"dir, erkekler (% 64) kadınlardan (% 36) sayıca fazladır. Kadınlarda ortalama yaş 61 iken erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 63"tür.Hipertansiyon kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha sık olmasına rağmen, diyabet ve sigara kullanımı erkeklerde daha yaygındır; ancak, 2 cinsiyet arasında hipertansiyon ve diyabet açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yokken sigara kullanan erkeklerde anlamlı farklılıklar mevcuttur. Saf motor hemiparezi, ataksik hemiparezi, saf duyusal inme ve dizartri-beceriksiz el sendromu erkeklerde daha yaygındır; sadece sensorimotor inme erkeklerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (P-değeri

Amaç : Antiepileptik olan sodyum valproat (valproik asit: VPA) ın anti aritmik bir etkiye de sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı VPA"ın ektopik kardiak aritmi tedavisi üzerine etkisinin olup olamadığını araştırmaktır. Materyal-Metod: 1 Aralık 2009 ile 1 Haziran 2011 tarihlerini kapsayan çalışmamızda kriptojenik generalize tonik klonik nöbet tanısı almış 80 hasta prospektif bir çalışmayla gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma Irak Sulaimaniya Genel Eğitim Hastenesinde yapılmıştır. Kırk hastaya VPA verilirken ve geri kalan 40 hastaya plasebo verildi. VPA uygulaması başlamadan 1 hafta öncesinden başlayarak ve 1 hafta sonrasına kadar tüm hastalar 24 saat boyunca kardiyak holter ile gözlemlenmiştir. Minumum kalp hızı oranı (MiHR) ve maksimum kalp hızı oranı (MxHR) ile total ektopik atrial aritmi sayıları (TNAE) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: VPA nın MiRH, MxRH ve TNAE yi önemli derecede azalttığı görülmüştür. Plasebo grubunda; MiHR grubundaki azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken MxRH ve TNAE gruplarındaki azalma anlamlı değildi. Ancak VPA ile tedavi edilen grupta görülen azalma doza bağımlı bir etki oluşturmamıştır. Terapiden 1 hafta öncesinde ve sonrasında yapılan değerlendirmede iki grup arasındaki MiHR azalma oranı istatistiksel olarak bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Sonuç: Sodyum valproat tedavisinin atrial ektopik atımlara etkili olduğu görülmektedir, dolayısıyla ektopik aritmi ve nöbet görülen hastalarda antiaritmitik olarak VPA"nın kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Fahr hastalığı, bazal ganglion, talamus, subkortikal hemisferik beyaz cevher ve derin serebellar nukleusda bilateral ve simetrik olarak kalsiyum birikmesiyle karakterize nadir görülen, idiopatik bir hastalıktır. Genellikle yaşamın 4. ve 6. dekatlarında ortaya çıkar. İstemsiz hareketler, Parkinsonizm, presenil subkortikal demans, nöbet ve ataksi gibi bulgularla birlikte değişik kombinasyonlar şeklinde görülebilir. Bu longitidünal gözlemsel vaka serisi Irak Süleymaniye Eğitim Hastanesi Nöroloji bölümünde yapılmıştır. Üç hastada Fahr hastalığı teşhis edildi. Olguların esas şikayetleri ve bunlara eşlik eden diğer klinik özellikleri not edilerek en az bir yıl takip edildi. Hastaların yaşları sırasıyla 25, 34 ve 21"dir. İkisi kadın, biri ise erkektir. Bu üç hastanın esas şikayetleri heterojendir ve sırasıyla kognitif bozukluk, nöbet ve korea şeklindedir. Tanı koyarken tüm hastalarda kognitif gerileme ve parkinsonizim bulguları mevcuttu. Üç hastada da distoni, diskinezi veya atetozis asla gelişmedi, sadece bir hastada hafif şiddette serebellar ataksi görüldü. Nöbet sadece bir hastada görülürken diğer iki hastada gelişmedi. Tüm hastalarda değişen derecelerde intraserebral kalsifikasyon vardı. Fahr hastalığı radyolojik ve fenotipik bulguları heterojenite gösteren, klinik özellikleri tahmin edilemeyen bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalığın parkinsonizm özelliği olmasada tüm hastalarda teşhis sırasında parkinsonizm bulguları olmaktadır. İstemsiz hareketler ve serebellar disfonksiyon yaygın değildir, ve kognitif bozukluk ile frontal lob subkortikal disfonksiyonu vardır.

Fahr’s disease is a rare idiopathic bilateral and symmetrical calcification of the basal ganglia, thalami, subcortical hemispheric white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei that usually presents between the 4nd and 6th decade of life with a variable combination of involuntary movements, Parkinsonism, presenile subcortical dementia, seizures, and ataxia. This longitudinal observational case series was conducted at the neurology outpatients’ department of Sulaimaniya general teaching hospital, Iraq. Three patients were diagnosed with Fahr’s disease. Their chief presenting complaint and other coexistent clinical features were noted and followed-up for at least one year. The ages of those consecutive patients were 25, 34, and 21 years, respectively. Two were females and the other patient was a male. The chief presenting complaint among the 3 patients was heterogeneous; cognitive impairment, seizures, and chorea, respectively. At the time of diagnosis, Parkinsonism and cognitive decline were present in all patients. The 3 patients never developed dystonia, dyskinesia, or athetosis and one patient only had mild cerebellar ataxia. Seizures were the presenting feature in one patient and they never developed in the other 2 patients. All patients had a variable degree of intracerebral calcification. Fahr’s disease has heterogeneous phenotypes and the brain radiological findings do not predict the clinical presentation and course. Although Parkinsonism was not the presenting feature, it was found in all patients at the time of diagnosis. Involuntary movements and cerebellar dysfunction were uncommon and the cognitive impairment was of the frontal lobe subcortical dysfunction. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(4.000): 823-831]

Objective: The antiepileptic sodium valproate (valproic acid; VPA) is thought to possess an antiarrhythmic action. We aimed to explore whether this medication influences cardiac atrial ectopics or not. Methods: From December 1, 2009 to June 1, 2011, 80 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with cryptogenic generalized tonic-clonic seizures were enrolled in this prospective short-term longitudinal observational study, which was conducted at the Sulaimaniya General Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Forty patients were allocated to receive VPA and the rest (n=40) were given placebo. All patients underwent cardiac 24-hour Holter monitoring before and after one week of VPA or placebo administration. The minimum heart rate (MiHR) and maximum heart rate (MxHR) as well as the total number of atrial ectopics (TNAE) were evaluated. Results: VPA significantly reduced the MiHR, MxHR, and the TNAE. In the placebo group, the reduction in the MiHR was statistically significant while the reduction in the MxHR and the TNAE were not. However, the reduction in the target parameters in the VPA-treated group did not demonstrate a dose-dependent effect. When both groups were evaluated head-to-head for the reduction in the MiHR before and after week of therapy, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion: Sodium valproate therapy appears to be effective against atrial ectopic beats and may be used as an antiarrhythmic medication in patients who co-experience seizures and troublesome atrial ectopics. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(4.000): 592-600]

Abstract: Objective: Lacunar ischemic strokes comprise approximately 25% of all ischemic strokes. We compared the risk factors and clinical pattern of this type of stroke between males and females. Methods: This observational study involved 50 consecutive patients with their first-ever lacunar stroke and was conducted at the department of neurology of Sulaimaniya general teaching hospital, Iraq from December 1, 2010 to March 1, 2013. Patients’ risk factors, clinical presentation, and strokes’ patterns were noted and a comparison was made between males and females. Results: Males (64%) outnumbered females (36%) with a male to female ration of 1.7. The mean age of males was 63 years while it was 61 years in females. Although hypertension was more common in females than in males, diabetes and smoking were more common in the latter group; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 genders in terms of hypertension (P-value

Abstract: In this article, He's variational iteration method (VIM) is implemented to solve the non-homogeneous dissipative wave, Helmholtz and some nonlinear fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries (FKdV) partial differential equations with specified initial conditions. The initial approximations can be freely chosen with possible unknown constants which can be determined by imposing the boundary or initial conditions after few iterations. Comparison of the results with those obtained by exact solution and Adomian's decomposition method reveals that VIM is very effective, convenient and quite accurate to both linear and nonlinear problems. It is predicted that VIM can be widely applied in engineering. Key words: Variational iteration method, Helmholtz equation, FKdV equation, nonlinear partial differential equations DALGA PROBLEMLERİNİN FARKLI TİPLERİ İÇİN BİR YAKLAŞIK ÇÖZÜM Özet: Bu makalede, He'nin varyasyonel iterasyon yöntemi (VIM), belli başlangıç koşulları ile homojen olmayan dissipative dalga, Helmholtz ve bazı lineer olmayan beşinci mertebeden Korteweg-de Vries (FKdV) kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerini çözmek için uygulanmıştır. Başlangıç yaklaşımları, birkaç iterasyon sonra başlangıç ve sınır koşullarının uygulanmasıyla belirlenebilen mümkün bilinmeyen sabitler ile keyfi olarak seçilebilir. Analitik çözüm ve Adomian'ın ayrıştırma yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırılması, VIM'in çok etkili, uygun ve hem lineer hem de lineer olmayan problemler için oldukça hatasız olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. VIM'in mühendislikte yaygın olarak uygulanabildiği tahmin edilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Varyasyonel iterasyon yöntemi, Helmholtz denklemi, FKdV denklemi, lineer olmayan kısmi diferansiyel denklemler

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Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies / Sarkiyat Mecmuasi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pankreatik insülinom nadir görülen endokrin tümörü olup teşhisi ciddi anlamda yüksek şüphe gerektirmektedir. Hastaların çoğuna son aşamada gözlenen tümör bulgusundan önce yanlış teşhis konulmaktadır. Bu raporda belirsiz ve şüpheli davranış gösteren iki hastayı ele aldık. Hastanın birine ilk olarak histeri teşhisi konmasına ragmen sonunda her ikisine birden karışık kısmi epilepsi tanısı kondu. Her ikisine anti-epileptik ilaçlar verilmesine rağmen iyileşme gözlenmedi ve belirtileri bu durum daha kötü hale gelene kadar devam etti. Son olarak pankreatik insülinom hastası oldukları ortaya çıktı. İnsülinomlar farklı ve patognomonik olmayan belirtilerinin yanı sıra nadir görülmelerinden dolayı oldukça zor teşhis edilmektedirler ve çok belirgin olmadıkça gözden kaçabilmektedirler.