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Many trade economists, even the WTO, consider The Global Value Chains (GVCs) as a "paradigm shift" in international trade. The radical change occurring in global trade patterns not only creates a need for new foreign trade policy targets but also makes the traditional methods of analysis questionable both empirically and theoretically. This study aims to furnish a holistic frame of research for the correct interpretation of GVC indicators by emphasizing the structural features of GVCs and the importance of different country roles inside in defining the new trade policy objectives. Our study shows that the import dependency in GVCs is no more the main source of foreign dependency and targeting a decrease in the import share of exports can act in a contradictory way with countries' objectives for economic independence. Hence, we redefine the concept of trade dependency by the bargaining power and total value-added shares of countries within the global value chains. Finally, we present in a comparative approach the calculation methods of the new GVC indicators that are available in the literature and used for the analysis of the structure of GVCs and the participation of individual countries. However other than previous work focusing on the Turkish case, we do not conduct an empirical analysis in this research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing financial relations and transactions, which constitute one of the important components of income inequality, is the leading factor that should be considered in analyzing the transformations of internal dynamics of current economies. In this sense, the linkage of the changes in financial sector, which is examined under the concept of financialization, with income inequality is the basis of this study. The financialization-income inequality nexus deals with the period of 1991-2014 for 97 countries by way of analyzing with the fixed effects method. According to the empirical results, which include labor market variables as well as economic variables, there is a positive correlation between financialization and income inequality. In other words, increasing the scale of financial relations and transactions has a positive effect on income inequality. The empirical outputs point out that this fact mainly depends on the current transformation in the labor markets. The reduction in the bargaining power of labor is assumed to have an increasing effect on the level of income inequality within the framework of financialization.

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This study aims to reveal i- how dependence is formed and ii- how it functions, in the organizations that develop dependence relationships within the framework of Resource Dependence Theory (RDT). The basic qualitative research method adopted in the research, which focuses on buyer and supplier companies operating in the automotive industry in Turkey. Structured interviews, which conducted with the executives of 8 buyer companies and 10 suppliers who are the parties to the dependence relationship, are used as a data-gathering method. The data analysis presents in two stages. Since the dependence concept in RDT literature is a guide in determining the initial themes and codes, a deductive approach adopted for the first part of the analysis, which related to the research question "how dependence relationship is formed". An inductive approach adopted for the second research question "how dependence relationship functions", since RDT has no description field, and the themes and codes in this stage derived directly from the data. Therefore, one of the most important contributions of the research results to the RDT literature is the framework revealed on "how dependence functions" as a new dimension in the definition of dependence. Research findings on the conditions of the formation of dependency reveal the asymmetric relationship between the parties of the dependency relationship in a manner consistent with the existing literature. While the importance of the source and the determination of alternatives are important for the researched buyer companies, the importance of the buyer and the substitutability of the buyer company comes to the fore for the supplier company. According to the findings, the main firms represent the strong side of this relationship, but for both parties, qualitative elements are more important than the quantitative ones. Findings on how dependency works include implications for new studies that intersect with RDT and strategic management. For firms, bargaining power is central to the dependency relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Economics / İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)