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Throughout the long history of British theatre, the image of Turk has frequently emerged in the works of famous playwrights. Since the beginning of the Crusades, Western perceptions of Turks have centred upon stereotypical images. These negative stereotypes generated by English literature are still present. However, with the acclaimed playwright Richard Bean, a new and positive Turkish image has emerged in British theatre since the turn of the twenty-first century. In his 2007 play, In the Club, Richard Bean explores the relationship between Turkey and the European Union and draws attention to the great power of Turkish culture. The play discusses Turkey's accession process to the European Club, stressing its benefits while addressing stereotypes and biases against Turks. In this context, In the Club emphasizes that Turkey will strengthen the European Union as a model state with its culture and traditions, with its geographical location and secular structure, and by reminding members that Turks are people who work hard to improve their country. This study aims to examine the new Turkish image in Richard Bean's In the Club. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In world political history, Magna Carta Libertatum (Magna Carta) is seen as one of the first and greatest blow to the monarchy in favor of freedoms. The most important reflection of this document in tax law is that it is shown as the source of the principles of "no taxation without representation" in the legal literature. The principles of "legality of taxation" and "no taxation without representation" can be regarded as the most important principles limiting the taxation power of states in democratic Rechtstaats. Although the source of "no taxation without representation" principle is claimed to be Magna Carta, the truth is different. In this article, in the light of historical data, it will be examined that whether the current concept of "no tax without representation" principle is really based on Magna Carta in the light of historical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East India Company has an important place in British history. India, one of the most important colonies of England, was run by this company for a long time such as 250 years. With the control of the country, the riches of the east were transferred more easily to the west. The most important employment area of the company was the special armies it established. This study is about the lives of the British who joined the company and chose to be a soldier in their armies. It was investigated why the British preferred a difficult profession such as military service in a country far away from their homeland like India. In addition, the conditions under which these soldiers lived in India were tried to be determined. Also, with the understanding of the Indian rebellion of 1857, attention was drawn to the difference in conditions between British and Indian soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English playwright Howard Brenton who mostly brings historical and political facts to his stage is one of the playwrights nurtured by British History after the World War II. In his plays, Brenton intends to reveal Britain's historical and political problems which are the causes of its unsuccessful domestic and foreign pol icy. "A tragicomedy of a hero" (Brenton, 2016b), Lawrence After Arabia, in which the playwright criticizes British policy is no exception. The elements which make the play more interesting are that the play takes place in the last period of the Ottoman Empire and has the traces of Turkish history, and its geographical scene is the land in the Middle East that the Ottoman Empire lost in the Great World War. Lawrence After Arabia was first staged at the Hampstead Theater on April 28, 2016. This date should not be disregarded as it is the centenary of the Arab revolt and the Sykes-Picot Treaty. The negative effects of the conflicts in the Middle East, the Arab spring riots and the events in Syria in the new century make the play even more interesting. It must be said that the playwright claims in the play that Britain should realize its former mistakes in order to resolve its current terrorism-related problems. However, this work handles Lawrence After Arabia from another perspective; it examines Lawrence, the protagonist of the play, through the concept of ideology. In this context, it notably benefits from the works of the French philosopher Louis Althusser; For Marx, Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses and Ecrits Philosophiques Et Politiques, Tome 1. The confusion of the protagonist is examined in the light of Althusser's concept of ideology and by taking advantage of his views on art and literature. This work clarifies how Howard Brenton benefits from ideology as a raw theatral material while forming hi s protagonist and how Lawrence is negatively affected by the ideology that he was born into due to the political mistakes of Britain with the help of the Althusserian approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]