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Dairy and meat production are very complex in dry regions due to shortages and the low quality of fodder, especially in dry months. Livestock scientists are enthusiastic to explore and investigate good quality fodder that can boost milk and meat production in an economical way. Moringa oleifera is known as one of the best fodder crops for dry regions with scanty amounts of water. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera as a field crop by harvesting at different cutting heights (30, 90, and 150 cm). The nutritional quality (minerals like P, K, Ca, and Mg, and crude protein) was determined along with antioxidant (SOD, CAT, POD, total phenolic contents) activities. The findings show that a Moringa crop gave maximum biomass (472 g plant-1) with higher mineral content in its leaves when harvested at 30-cm cutting height in August, while the minimum biomass (113.54 g plant-1) was recorded when plants were harvested at 150-cm cutting height. Higher antioxidants, total phenolics content, and photosynthetic pigments were recorded in the hot rainy season (July and August). The seasonal variability affects mineral content in moringa leaves. The highest mineral content was found in August, followed by July. It is concluded that the moringa tree, due to its higher mineral content and antioxidant activities, can be cultivated as a field crop as a good alternate for livestock fodder.

Dairy and meat production in dry regions is very complex due to low quality and shortage of fodder, especially in dry periods. Livestock scientists are eager to explore and investigate good-quality fodders that can boost milk and meat production in an organic and economical way. Some organic meals like soybean, cotton seed cake, and range grasses are being utilized to overcome the fodder shortage. These have some limitations, however, like unavailability in December through May as currently green fodder is least available after wheat, alfalfa, brassica, and maize harvesting. This leads towards reduced livestock production and low-quality milk and meat products. At the same time, the rapid increase in human population is increasing the food requirements, which is in turn threatening environmental conservation and enlarging the gap between the availability of resources and the meeting of human necessities. People are fulfilling their requirements for food and shelter by depleting natural resources. Plant scientists are exploring the types of plants that can fulfill the life necessities of both human beings and livestock but can also be used as growth enhancers for main crops without natural resources degradation. Over the last few years, underutilized crops and trees have captured the attention of plant scientists, nutritionists, and growers. Moringa oleifera is one of those plants that has been neglected for several years but now is being investigated for its fast growth, higher nutritional attributes, and utilization as a livestock fodder crop. It can be grown as a crop on marginal lands with high temperatures and low water availability, where it is difficult to cultivate other agricultural crops. The present review article gives a detailed discussion on the nutritional quality of moringa parts and their palatability for livestock, fish, and poultry, as well as suitable growing conditions and cultural practices.

Moringa oleifera is a miracle tree that can be used in multiple ways, including as foodstuff, livestock fodder, a plant growth enhancer, or a water purifier. While the stem cutting method is easy and successful for tree propagation, the recent introduction of moringa as a field crop for biomass production requires propagation through seeds. The germination of stored moringa seeds is a problem of great concern that may be overcome by employing seed priming techniques. A pot study was conducted to explore the potential of seed priming in moringa. Seeds were subjected to hydropriming, matripriming, and priming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) for 8, 16, and 24 h. Most of the priming strategies enhanced the emergence rate, synchronized the emergence, and improved seedling vigor. However, hydropriming (8 h) was more effective in improving emergence, shoot vigor, and chlorophyll b contents, while MLE priming (8 h) produced vigorous roots and increased the chlorophyll a and mineral contents of moringa leaves. Both of these priming sources are natural, cheap, environmentally friendly, and easily adaptable for farmers to grow Moringa oleifera from seed.

46 ÖZET Bu çalışmada yaşları 20 ile 65 arasında değişen 12 sağlıklı normotansif ve yaşları 29 ile 81 arasında değişen 28 esansiyel hipertansiyonlu kişide Mg, Zn ve Cu düzeyleri incelendi. Kontrol ve deney grubundaki deneklerden yaklaşık 12 saatlik aç lığı takiben venöz kan örnekleri alındı. Bu kan örneklerinden serum ve eritrosit paketleri hazırlandı. Ayrıca deneklerin her birinden saç örnekleri de alındı. Serum, eritrosit ve saç örneklerinde uygun yön temlerle Mg, Zn ve Cu miktarları belirlendi. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçları kısaca şöyle özetleyebiliriz: 1- Kontrol grubunda sistolik kan basıncı 119.17 - 9.0 mmHg, deney grubunda ise 162.68 - 17.13 mmHg olarak belirlendi (P0, 05). 7- Eritrosit magnezyumu deney grubunda biraz düşük olmakla birlikte istatistik! olarak önemli bulunmadı (P>0,05). 8- Eritrosit çinkosunda olduğu gibi saç çinkosunda da deney grubunda önemli bir düşük görüldü (P^0,01). 9- Saç bakır düzeyi deney grubunda önemli ölçüde düşük bulundu (P0,05). According to our findings the metabolism of Mg and some metals might be disturbed in essential hypertensive subjects. 52

Amaç: Adipokinler pek çok aracı mediyatörlerle vücutta pek çok fonksiyonda düzenleyici rol oynamaktadır. Adipokinlere ilgi son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Günümüzde adipokinler birçok sistemik hastalıkta geleceğin potansiyel ilaç hedefleri olarak araştırılmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması ile amacımız metabolik yollarda önemli düzenleyici roller üstlenen adipokinlerin hipertansiyon patofizyolojisinde etkilerinin ortaya konması , hasta ve kontrol kan numunelerindeki çeşitli biyolojik parametreler ile ilişkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Materyal-Metot Tez çalışmamız Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde yapılmıştır. Vaka kontrol tipteki bu çalışmamızın evrenini 01.03.2019-01.09.2019 tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği ve Kardiyoloji polikliniklerine başvuran 18 yaş üstü hastalar oluşturmuştur. Bulgular Çalışmamıza 96 sı hasta 84 ü kontrol grubundan olmak üzere toplam 180 kişi katıldı. Bunların 105 i kadın, 75 i erkek di. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda sistolik, diastolik tansiyon değerleri sırasıyla; 149,07± 15,689, 112,53 ± 10,064. Adipokinlerden hasta ve kontrol grupları için medyan ( min-max) sırayla leptin 7,84(1,13-980,88), 2,40(1,15- 46,92) (P< 0,001), visceral 1,01( 0,23-5,14), 0,79(0,1-2,65) (P=0,41), intellectin 74,18(10,3-1438,78), 37,53(10,1-131,54) (P< 0,001),chemerin 198,57(91,72-1380,13), 177,57(131,46-852,25) (P=0,347), Retinol binding protein 109,64(44,97-5314,66), 48,53(12,56-377,05) (P< 0,001) , adiponektin 5,21(1,08-23,90), 4,07(1,01-10,19) (P=0,016) , rezistin 529,32(119,97-3071,44), 276,18(109,24-1078,04) (P