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The subject of our study is the reflection of the concept of coffee, which took its place in the lives of Europeans as a part of Turkish admiration in Europe in the 17th-18th centuries, on European painting. Turkish and European societies were influenced by each other due to the political, economic and social relations between them, which inevitably reflected on their arts. This reflection, as it manifests itself in every field of art, was widely felt in the art of painting, fed by visuality. In general, although European influences began to be seen in Turkish art after the 18th century, this influence was seen as the influence of Turkish culture on European art in the 17th and 18th centuries. Despite the fact that the origin of the concept of coffee, which we discussed in our study, was not Turkish lands, its entry into Europe through the Turks enabled the Europeans to see coffee as a Turkish image. For this reason, the concept of coffee in European paintings of the 17th and 18th centuries was always associated with 'Turk' and presented to the audience. It is clear that the art of painting was inspired by some segments of daily life as well as having fictional expressions. Therefore, it was impossible for Europeans to transfer this new concept to their lives and paintings alone, and it can be said that they accepted any concepts, that came to mind when they thought of coffee, together with coffee. This enabled the Turquerie movement that emerged in this period to spread to large areas in Europe. The examples discussed in the study are examples that can be discussed under the title of Turquerie within the scope of the 17th-18th centuries. Although in many examples at that time there was a coffee image placed somewhere in the paintings, the examples in the study were selected from those that directly referred to Turks, had Turkish names in the titles of the works, or had figures wearing Turkish clothes in the works, or where the figures were depicted in places reminiscent of Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to make a bibliometric analysis of graduate theses published between 1988-2022 on coffee, coffee houses and coffee equipment. For this purpose, 192 theses were accessed from the website of the National Thesis Center and the theses were analyzed using parameters such as author gender, publication language, publication year, research method, published university, department, type and study subject. As a result of the analysis, the majority of the postgraduate theses on coffee (88.02%) were master's thesis, the first doctoral thesis was written in 1993, Ege University, Gaziantep University, Yıldız Technical University and Hacettepe University were the universities that prepared the most theses, and the coffee subject was sociology, chemistry, and chemistry., biology, tourism, folklore, etc. It has been found to be studied in many disciplines. During the research, the relevant literature was scanned and national and international literature was examined. In the national literature, no study was found in which the subject of coffee was studied bibliometrically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University / Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In classical Turkish literature, almost everything related to social and daily life finds its place in poetry. It is seen that coffee, which is known to have entered the Ottoman society in the XVIth century, was immediately included in the poems by the poets. While some poets included coffee in one or a few couplets of their poems, some wrote separate poems by putting coffee in the center and making their repeated voices/redifs "coffee". When we look at these poems, they have been treated in terms of subjects such as the homeland of coffee, its vitality, the need for ignorant people to stay away from it, the drink of scholars who can understand its essence, its comparison with wine, and has been the subject of various analogies in terms of its color and smell. On the other hand, the rules of the coffee house, which is the environment where such a valuable beverage is drunk, who can come and the virtues of the coffee shop, who is the person serving the coffee, are also mentioned. In addition, coffee was banned and released at various times and was the subject of fatwas. As a result of the popularity of journal research in recent years, it is seen that this type of coffee, which has not been seen before, has emerged. The content of this study consists of the poems of Sâdîkî, Huldî and Şinâsî, which are in two separate journals, with coffee, coffee offering and coffee house content, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary debates constitute a very important genre in a very popular genre in Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian, Aramaic, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish literatures. They can be about the struggle for supremacy of opposite entities or concepts such as "night and day", "pen and sword", or "mind and love". The most original and most striking examples of this genre in Turkish literature - the origins date back to the Sumerians - are the competition debates about pleasurable substances try to claim and prove their superiority over each other with the help of identification and persistence arts. While many have been published, many more remain unpublished. In this article, we shall analyse one such a debate of pleasurable substances (Süleymaniye Library Tercuman Manuscripts No. 361). It talks about the how the "seven pleasure substances" (opium, berş, cannabis, boza, wine, mead, coffee) enter into a fierce competition in a mansion built in a vineyard called İşret-âbâd, to prove themselves as the best in the world. Coffee wins, however the debate finishes in peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artuklu Human & Social Science Journal is the property of Artuklu Human & Social Science Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coffee is one of the most frequently consumed beverage that has an important place in our daily life. Owing to bioactive components in its content, it has antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunoprotective, anti-carcinogenic effects on health. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to compare the bioactive potential of commercially available Espresso, Americano, Macchiato, Latte, Cappuccino and Mocha coffee drinks by analyzing the antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH Methods) and the total phenolic compound (Folin-Ciocalteu Method). The highest values were determined in the Espresso sample, which has the most intense coffee content; extractable, hydrolyzable, bioaccessible phenolic fractions were determined respectively as 28.15, 35.04, 30.28 μmol Troloks mL-1 according to TEACABTS and 14.69, 17.98, 9.84 μmol Troloks mL-1 according to TEACDPPH. By the increase of the milk amount in coffee samples, decrease was observed in the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content results. Addition of steamed milk by steaming treatment showed relatively higher values compared to adding milk as hot. The bioaccessibility % of the samples varied between 41-48 % according to total phenolic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitlis Castle excavation findings, located on a rocky hill in the center of Bitlis Province, are very important in terms of reflecting the socio-cultural life in the region. During the excavations, many nozzles, coins, glass and metal finds, especially ceramics, were found. The porcelain cup findings obtained during the 2018-2020 excavations of Bitlis Castle will be handled and analyzed in our study. Many Kütahya-made cups and nozzles, as well as porcelain cups, were found near the place, which is thought to be a coffee house in Bitlis Castle. Although porcelain cups are examined in terms of paste, form, decoration and composition properties, it will be tried to identify similar and different aspects with Kütahya made cups. It is seen that underglaze and over-glaze painting technique is frequently used in porcelain cups located in different parts of the area. It is estimated that the cups, which are thought to belong to the 18-20th century Ottoman period, came to the region as imported and it is aimed to determine the possible production places of our subject samples. In addition, it is seen that the porcelain cups in the Late Ottoman period Bitlis Castle reflect the socio-cultural structure of the region. Porcelain samples, whose production ranges are estimated to a large extent, are also important in terms of dating other excavation finds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with such a pleasure-inducing substances debate named Hikâyet-i Cemiyyet-i Mükeyyifât-ı Âlem ve Mübâhase ve Mücâdele which is mentioned in the related sources but has not been studied independently to date. Hikâyet-i Cemiyyet-i Mükeyyifât-ı Âlem ve Mübâhase ve Mücâdele, which is among the 35b-49a leaves of a 182-leaf story collection in Taksim Atatürk Library and written in a mixed verse and prose, with its fourteen pleasurable items (opium, berş, marijuana, boza, tobacco, wine, glowing fire, müselles, mead, apple liqueur, mukim, maddetü'l-ferah, arrack, coffee) among the pleasure-inducing substances debates the number of pleasurable items is the largest one. The work is also in the class of inconclusive debates, unlike the other pleasure-inducing substances debates, as the struggle for superiority between coffee and wine was not concluded. In this article, the pleasure-inducing substances debate titled Hikâyet-i Cemiyyet-i Mükeyyifât-ı Âlem ve Mübâhase ve Mücâdele which stands out among the other pleasure-inducing substances debates due to its unique characteristics was discussed and the work was introduced to the world of science with its translated text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey had to turn to more protectionist policies in the 1930s in order to preserve its economic structure due to the impact of the World Economic Crisis of 1929. The decline in the price of agricultural products due to the crisis has negatively affected Turkey, whose source of income depends largely on agricultural production. Accordingly, the emergence of a foreign trade deficit has reduced the value of Turkish money. Thus, to combat the crisis and ensure the balance of foreign trade in order to protect the value of money has become one of Turkey's most important economic targets. During this period, Turkey took important decisions to protect its commercial interests and instead of paying money in trade, the understanding of selling goods in exchange for goods was adopted. In this process, some countries have not entered into a trade agreement in order to have little trade relations with Turkey or to protect their interests. One of these states is Brazil. Although Brazil has exported a significant amount of coffee to Turkey for years, it has received almost no goods from Turkey. Brazil's unilateral profit-oriented trade approach has attracted attention due to the trade relations that have been reconsidered with the impact of the crisis. Turkey, which considers ensuring the balance of foreign trade as its most important economic policy, has concluded new agreements with Brazil since 1933. During the period of Atatürk, Turkey-Brazil trade relations showed an interesting development in terms of foreign trade balance. In this study, it was tried to show how the commercial relationship between the two countries developed during the reign of Atatürk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia’s export earning is heavily dependent on primary agricultural commodities and raw materials. Coffee has been the principal export commodity of Ethiopia for many years and continued to be the leading export commodity. The objective of this paper was, therefore, to identify the determinants of Ethiopia’s coffee export to the major trading partners. Eighteen countries were selected based on the importance of the country as Ethiopia’s coffee export destination and availability of the required data. Annual panel data from 2001 to 2016 was collected from FAO database and other relevant sources. After appropriate econometric tests had been applied, random effect model was selected and used to analyze the data. From the seven variables entered into the model, four variables were found to affect Ethiopia’s coffee export significantly. GDP of the importing countries and population size of Ethiopia affect Ethiopia’s coffee export positively as expected. Weighted distance between Ethiopia and its trading partners was also found to have an expected effect, negative, on Ethiopia’s coffee export. Contrary to the hypothesis, foreign direct investment flows to Ethiopia affected Ethiopia’s coffee export negatively. Based on the results, the study draws conclusion and policy implications. To increase Ethiopia’s coffee export, government and other stakeholders should give prime attention to countries where there is high demand for Ethiopia’s coffee. Moreover, coffee exporters should exploit the existing nearest market opportunities. Finally, favourable conditions should be created for the large unemployed labor of the country to increase coffee production and export.

In the history of Turkish literature, many poets and authors are remembered for the works they left behind. Sometimes, pleasant wit appears between poets and mystics. As a result of a poet’s word or action during the conversation, a poet who is in the assembly eternalizes that situation with his verses. As a matter of fact, Huseyin Vassaf and Rıza Bey, who were affected by the famous sufi and poet Ali Behcet Dede’s making and serving coffee in such an environment, sing a verse each to Ali Behcet, whom they love and respect. In poetry, they express that his coffee is healing for souls and his poems are a cure for hearts. Thereupon, Ali Behcet Efendi, who received spiritual training from five different sects, adds his own couplets to these verses. The poems of Ali Behcet Efendi, who has many works, are scattered. In this study, the poet’s poems that are not in the volume and feature to form a divan and this beautiful event are discussed, brought together and examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geographical Indication (GI) adds value through product differentiation based on quality, protection of consumers through provision of certified information regarding product attributes and enhances and preserves the identity and cultural heritage of people in the region where a product is produced. Studies on potential GI products in Tanzania are yet to (be done) to show how producers may capture above mentioned benefits. This study analyses quality traits, factors and conditions with potential to increase value of Agricultural products in Tanzania through GI protection. The hypothesis is that origin products exist in Tanzania whose unique characteristics are linked to rather well-defined geographical areas of production. Three Tanzanian origin products were studied, and investigated as product cases: Rice from Kyela, Coffee from Kilimanjaro and Cloves from Zanzibar. Quantitative and qualitative case study analyses were done for each of the three selected Tanzanian origin products with plausible prospects for Tanzania to leapfrog into exports of Geographical Indications products. Findings shows the institutional structure of a country and how it may facilitate GI protection, the producer’s perception of being a member of a cooperatives in marketing their products, producer’s awareness of GI and the quality traits of their unique products. Finally, the paper provides policy options identifying opportunities for government in recognising unique origin products - whether agricultural or nonagricultural and the importance of potential GI´s to producers and exports options for the country.

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is an important agricultural product in Colombia accounting for 16 percent of agricultural GDP. Issues of high humidity in the Central Andean Mountain Range make managing post-harvest product quality a challenge. In fact, Colombian coffee farmers do not store coffee due to the climate and the lack of affordable storage technologies. This research analyzes the economic potential of hermetic storage of green coffee in the Central Andes region of Colombia. Seasonality in prices, the effectiveness of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, and reuse of the bags lead to positive net economic benefits related to adopting this quality management approach. The estimated discounted net economic returns are between 1,480 COP ($0.50 USD) and 4,895 COP ($1.70 USD) per 50 kg bag over a three year expected life or approximately 329,327 COP ($113.50 USD) to 1,089,089 COP ($375.50 USD) for the average sized Colombian coffee farm’s total expected production.

Coffee, which entered our lives in the 1500s, has also included coffeehouses in our lives. In this context, a widespread cultural accumulation has occurred. Considering both cultural and spatial factors among beverages, there is no other example as popular as coffee. It is known that the popularity continues today. The study aims to examine the formation and development of coffee culture in the world and Turkey, along with the change in refreshments culture over time. In addition, it is aimed to investigate the importance of coffee, which has a deep-rooted place in our beverage culture, in incorporating cafe places into our lives and the density of cafe places. When the literature is examined, it has been seen that Konya has not been evaluated in this regard before. Thus, the need for research on the subject arises in the region. For this reason, the scope of the research consists of cafe places operating in the central districts of Konya. In this context, the density of cafes related to the placement and spread of cafe spaces in Meram, Selçuklu and Karatay districts of Konya province was examined by the field observation and the digital research method. The distribution of cafe spaces by region is shown with maps. From the 1500s to the present day, cafes continue to exist by becoming increasingly popular. The usage rates of these places have increased over time and spread to various regions. As a result of the research carried out in the central districts of Konya, it has been observed that the cafes are concentrated along the main axes of the central districts and in the shopping centers.

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The saying “Coffee comes from Yemen” gives information about the origin of Turkish coffee and is well known in Turkey, being quoted in a folk song in Turkish. However, Egypt being an important stop on the coffee trade route from Yemen to İstanbul is not well known. Cairo, the administrative center of Egypt, and other port cities were important stops for the coffee trade, as well as places where coffee was extensively consumed. Since African cultures and civilizations are not generally the focus of studies on the Ottoman Empire, the number of studies on the period when the Ottoman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Africa is quite small. Cultural studies, in particular, is also a neglected field in Ottoman-African research. However, since Egypt was a key location in the coffee trade and played an important role in the introduction of “Turkish coffee culture and tradition,” inscribed to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2013, to different cultures, studying the culture of coffee and coffeehouses in Egypt is of utmost importance. In this regard, Evliya Çelebi’s Book of Travels is a unique source. Evliya Çelebi, who lived in the 17th century and traveled to various places from Europe to the Caucasus and from the Arabian deserts to Egypt, brought together his observations in his Book of Travels. This is an exceptional source on the history of coffee trade and culture, describing the culture of coffee and coffeehouses in Egypt in detail, including narratives about the emergence of coffee and the religious views on coffee consumption, depicting coffee as appealing and accessible to all segments of society, detailing the elements considered important in coffee presentation, and explaining the functions of coffeehouses. While traveling throughout Egypt, Evliya Çelebi counted at least one coffeehouse at almost every single stop, he emphasized the gatherings for entertainment held in relatively larger coffeehouses in big cities, and he described coffee culture as a sine qua non for people of all levels. For this reason, in this study, the text of Evliya Çelebi’s Book of Travels is evaluated as a compilation and the culture of coffee and coffeehouses in Egypt is discussed in a comprehensive way. Evliya Çelebi’s text is compared here with other travel writings of historically similar periods, and the descriptions of Evliya Çelebi are evaluated together with archival documents. Thus, this study aims to fill an important gap in the historical adventures of this beverage, which is still a part of our lives today, by crossing centuries and the boundaries of prohibitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor soil fertility is important constraints that limited crop production in Ethiopia. The Masha district was highly prone to phosphorus fixation with ions like Aluminum ion since soil of the area is prone to acidity. This experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of of phosphorus fertilizer with agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal on yield of faba bean and agronomic efficiency of the fertilizer on acidic soils of Masha district. Field experiment involving two rates of phosphorus (23 and 46 kg P2O5/ha) and the three soil amendments was in randomized complete block design with three replication. The result indicated that significantly high grain yield was obtained from integrated application of 46 kg P2O5/ha with the agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal with the observed values of 2265, 1953 and 1943 kg/ha, respectively. Agronomic efficiency significantly great values were obtained from treated with the agricultural lime+23 kg P2O5/ha, agricultural lime+46 kg P2O5/ha, coffee husk ash+23 kg P2O5/ha and coffee husk charcoal+23 kg P2O5/ha with the observed values of 14.86, 14.60 and 10.07, respectively. It can be concluded that 46 kg P2O5 with 2.5 ton agricultural lime, 7.5 ton coffee husk ash or 7.5 ton coffee husk charcoal per hectare on acid soils for high yield and yield components on faba bean at Masha district. When 23 kg P2O5/ha was integrated with the soil amendments, relatively high agronomic efficiency was observed.

Copyright of Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin Üniversitesi sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mersin University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fatwas which had a legal aspect in the Ottoman were given were also given as poetry, and Turkish literature thus became the owner of an original genre. The explanation of fiqh issues in such an interesting way has led these fatwas to become valuable, and these fatwas have been carefully kept and recorded in poetry books. In the Ottoman period, fatwas were given in the form of prose in general, and giving them as poetry was seen as poetness of the sheikhulislam or mufti who gave the fatwa. It was observed that the sheikhulislam and other scholars who had a special place among the poets of the divan in the Ottoman Empire gave many verse fatwas in various dates. To date, around 60 poetry fatwas belonging to various sheikhs and mufti have been introduced by us, these are generally short poetry between 3-10 couplets. In this study, 64 couplet coffee fatwa editions which have brought a lot of noise in the period of Bostanzade Muhammed Efendi, where we have introduced poetry fatwas with two separate articles before, are critically introduced. This fatwa was recorded in writing copies by the enthusiasts on various dates due to its importance, and this was an evidence how much was read. However, the fact that it was recorded in different copies caused quite a difference in the words and phrases. For this reason, in order to reveal a solid text, it was necessary to reveal an critical text by scanning and examining different manuscripts. This article is written to show these differences and reveal a solid text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating and other consumption habits embrace the information related to the way of thinking, interpersonal relations and economic structure of a society. We may have detailed information related to the society via the usage and exchange of a consumption or eating objects. Food sharing reveals the collective patterns of a society. Preparing food requires a transformation process to make it edible. Besides, food not only gives power but also taste for humans. In point of both spending time to prepare and giving taste, food makes contribution to construct memories. As a consumption attitude, nourishment makes class differences visible, also. Like food, beverages provide information figuring out the collective similarities and differences as well. As a consumption material, coffee is scarcely the most preeminent one among the hot beverages category in the world. Preparing coffee and its presentation takes an important place in Balkans likewise Anatolia in the means of social and cultural manner. Turkish coffee consumption and coffee drinking culture in Prizren which is an important cultural city of Kosovo, includes lots of details related to both city culture and the daily life. In the multicultural city of Prizren where Albanians, Bosnians, Roma people, Serbians and Turkish Kosovars reside, coffee consumption culture concordantly varies. In the context of nuncupative cultural praxis, preparing coffee and its presentation reveals the relations between the individuals and intergroups and the cultural identity. Coffee presentation is practiced within some rituals during wedding ceremonies, asking for the girl’s hand in marriage and funerals. ‘Din gayreti coffee’ or ‘celin yani coffee’ in local language and fincan coffee give cultural information intrinsic to Prizren. Including the economic life, besides, some changings on coffee consumption culture in the city life can be observed just after the war that happened in the country between the years of 1998 and 1999. It seems that the economic change in the city reflects on the consumption habits of consumers. A lot of new and modern cafes were set up just after the war and new products such espresso and macchiato became available upon the consumers’ wish to try new tastes. In the frame of the study, coffee purchasing practices of consumers are also examined. Purchasing practices provide information about the life style, world view and identity of individuals. Instead of buying packaged goods, consumers in Prizren prefer to buy the unpackaged coffee which is roasted in different sorts. The study in general deals with the information related to the social, cultural and economic life in Prizren via the consumption way of Turkish coffee and the others. The study is based on literature review and an ethnographic field study including participant observation, in-depth interview with the inhabitants of the city. In this context, additional stuff - chickpea and oat - added into the coffee is also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee is made by bringing roasted powdered coffee and hot water together. Coffee with its scent; taste; brewing method and unique way of serving, not only does it have a special place in our culture, but it is also liked and consumed all over the world as well. In our culture, the value of the coffee is highlihted by the expression “A cup of coffee can be remembered for 40 years”, which has also been mentioned in literature and scientific studies. Apart from studies on the origin; the historical development and the uses of coffee, medical studies have been carried out by doctors as well. One of the studies have been carried out by Dr. Besim Ömer [Akalın]: Mükeyyifât ve Müskirât’tan Afyon, Kahve, Çay, Esrar (Opium, Coffee, Tea, Marijuana). Mükeyyifât refears to pleasure inducing substances while müskirât refears to intoxicating substances. The second section of this 100 pages book, written in Ottoman Turkish, talks about coffee. Topics like the history of coffee; whether coffee can be considered food or not; coffee’s chemical ingredients; its brewing method; its good and bad effects on health as well as the illnesses that coffee can treat, all studied from a doctor’s point of view. Our work aims to present the importance of this book, in terms of it’s subject and vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cyclic (CV), square wave stripping (SWSV) and differential pulse stripping voltammetric (DPSV) methods were used to determine total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Turkish and Filter coffees brewed with differently roasted coffee beans such as light, medium and dark. Voltammetric parameters were optimized in pH 4.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution using carbon paste electrode (CPE). Electrochemical behavior of gallic acid and quercetin as standard antioxidant substances were investigated on CPE under optimum conditions by CV, SWSV and DPSV. With all three electrochemical techniques (CV, SWSV, DPSV), two oxidation peaks were observed for gallic acid approximately at 350 mV and 700 mV, while anodic peaks were obtained for quercetin at 340 mV, 725 mV and 1015 mV. However, anodic peak currents at 350 mV for both substances were preferred using CPE to determine total antioxidant capacities in coffee samples in terms of equivalent gallic acid and quercetin. It was found that coffee samples prepared by light roasted coffee beans showed maximum antioxidant capacity (TAC). TAC values for Turkish coffee prepared with less roasted coffee beans were calculated as 17.868±0.281 g/L and 65.165±1.024 g/L equivalent gallic acid and quercetin using CV method. Also, TAC values for filter coffee were 32.290±0.839 g/L and 118.471±3.529 g/L, respectively. Moreover, TAC values in all coffee samples were also analyzed with DPSV and SWSV as well as CV. As a result, TAC analysis is carried out directly on food samples with electrochemical methods, fast, cheap and without pre-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coffee is a pleasurable drink that has been consumed extensively for centuries by every part of our society, receiving great appreciation. Socially, however, coffee means much more than just a drink. Because; its preparation, its brewing, its service and the many rituals it creates around itself, its behavior patterns and its habits are an important cultural element of our social life. At the same time, it is considered as one of the demonstrations of hospitality and a symbol of friendly conversations. In many ways, it was believed to have healing qualities and it was benefited in the folk medicine vastly. With many specialties such as these, Turkish coffee culture and taste have taken its place in literary works which by themselves are a part of the culture and in some ways mirror of the society. For this reason, it is necessary to refer to the literary works in order to determine the place of coffee in the social life of our society, its effect on our social relations, and many customs and traditions related to today’s tend to be forgotten or already forgotten coffee. Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar is known as an author that reflects different aspects of the social life and daily life of our society, its cultural values and its riches in detail in his works. One of these riches is the coffee culture. This has been the starting point of our work. In this study, elements related to coffee and coffee culture were determined in the works of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar which were written in the format of novels, short stories and plays; followed by classification of a variety of material and spiritual elements relating to coffee brewing methods, its service, the way it was enjoyed, its consumption areas and forms and their benefits, and all are assessed in reference to various examples. Thus, it was attempted to unveil the place, symbolic value and sociological position of coffee, one of our cultural heritages, from the perspective and the pen of a productive writer such as Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, who reflects characteristics of the inhabitants of the society very successfully in his works.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In classical Turkish poetry, there are many geographic regions and places which are subject to various metaphors, imagination and telmih elements. These places include Yemen. Yemen is remembered by poets with some well-known elements of divan poetry in the world of telmih and analogy. Among these elements is the akik stone known with its red color, the pearl of Aden, the Suheyl star who is believed to be seen from the best Yemen and believed to give the color of the agate stone, the Yemen coffee, The wind blowing from Yemen and the subject of the prophet Mohammad; Ad people mentioned in the Qur'an, Sheddad, Irem and Belkis; Veysel Karani, known to be Yemeni, and Shaykh San bilinenan, known for his mystical story. In this study, it was examined which elements of Yemen related these topics in classical poetry and which features of poets in the worlds of imagination and simulation. For this reason, the couplets chosen from the scanned divisions were classified and briefly explained in the framework of these meaning relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which is synthesized by some Aspergillus and Penicillium species and may exists in especially cultivated cereals, coffee beans or coffee granules, wine and various spices. OTA exhibits Carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic affects for humans and animals. In this conducted study, OTA contents of 30 different coffee samples that were provided from the local markets were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. The experiments were carried out using the fluorescence detector and applying the 330 nm extinction and 450 nm emission wavelengths. The column temperature and pressure were set to 25°C and 83 barr, respectively. The flow rate was chosen as 0.9 mL/min. Coffee samples were dissolved in ethanol. Analyses were performed by using the C18 (200 mm 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm particle size). It was observed that OTA standards and samples have a signal at approximately 10.942 min. Deionized (water: acetonitirile: acetic acid) (49.5:49.5:1), (v:v:v) mixture was used as the mobile phase. The obtained results showed that different amounts of OTA for all 30 samples were determined and 12 of them have lower OTA content according to the limits of Turkish Food Codex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Classical Turkish Literature is a 6 century old literary tradition including a language of Arabic-Farsi (Persian) words and compositions spread to a vast geography between XIII-XIX. centuries. Within the scope of this tradition, it made a lot of social factors its subject; such as narrative written in verse (manzum) and narrative written in prose (mensur). Among these, maybe the most important factors involved are eatingdrinking. Apart from essential necessities, there are arbitrary needs as well, such as coffee which-of course- is only one of these. Being used as a subject in legends related to discovery, 'Black Pearl', thanks to its delicious taste, welcoming flavor is an excuse of conversations as a means of relief.In Dewans (Divan), coffee, taking part among underlying factors regarding social life, is a beverage that was a subject in various couplets written by poets and ghazals, discussions and even dirges as well. Since the introduction of coffee in daily lifes, Dewan poets, just like in different social subjects, used coffee in various forms remaining not indifferent to events happening around. They, usually, treated coffee in terms of its colour, shape, its aspect of pleasure, time to time its prohibition and its comparison with wine. In this study, having scanned various dewans, coffee's role on classical poetry is emphasized. Through these studies, it is our first priority to introduce many other couplets to the world of science that will lead Turkish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)