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Aerobic exercise training has an important role within the cardiac rehabilitation program. An exercise test performed in the early period after myocardial infarction (MI) allows determining early the functional status and the risk factors of the patients and can accelerate their return to their occupational life. Patients can get back faster and safely to their active lifestyle following MI with exercises carried out at least 3 days per week, for 20 to 60 minutes and at intensities between 40% to 85% of VO2max. These exercises may concern the lower extremity like walking or running, upper extremity like arm cycle ergometer or combinations of these like rowing or swimming. Regular aerobic exercises increase the functional capacity and parasympathetic tone, and these together lead to an improvement in cardiovascular autonomic control. As a result, frequency of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases declines to an important extent. Studies conducted in humans and animals have shown contradictory outcomes about left ventricular remodelling. General opinion is that aerobic exercise has no favourable effect on ventricular remodelling.

Growing participation of children in sports has resulted in an increased incidence of sports injuries. Although methodological differences in epidemiologic studies largely prevent precise comparisons, it appears that young athletes participating in combat and contact sports seem to be more prone to injuries. Knee and ankle injuries are the most commonly encountered problems and chronic events are more prevalent than acute ones. The occurrence of athletic injuries is multifactorial and may present differences with respect to sex and the sports branch involved. An analytical approach of all relevant groups (parents, coaches, physical education teachers, health personnel) is necessary to understand, treat, and prevent athletic injuries in children.