This study has been discussed Muhalhil ibn Rabīʿa and elegy theme in his poems. There are different rumors and narrations about the name of Muhalhil ibn Rabīʿa. In the study, these narrations have been evaluated under the title of the poet's life. Muhalhil spent his youth in jollification with women. The murder of his brother Qulaib caused a radical change in his life. Muhalhil, who left jollification after the murder of Qulaib, struggled to revenge his brother. The main theme of Muhalhil's poems consists of elegies that he wrote for his brother Qulaib. The elegy is written poems in a way to praise the dead in order to express the pain and sadness of a person's death, to express the virtues and good aspects of the deceased, and one of the first examples in Arabic poetry is found within Muhalhil ibn Rabīʿa. Muhalhil mentioned threats against his brother's murderer in his elegies. In addition to this, he wrote hamâse and a few ghazal Muhalhil's poems have remarkably emotions and sadness stand out. His poems, which are bedecked with these feelings, are also far away from being artificial. There is some narrations about that poets followed Muhalhil's path, and it shows his competence in this field Another important theme in Muhalhil's poems is Basus War. This war, which started between the Bakr and Taghlib tribes after the murder of his brother Qulaib and lasted for many years, is considered one of the most important in Ayyām al-ʿArab. The war takes its name from a woman named Basus, who is the subject of the proverb as "more sinister than Basus" in Arab culture. The problem between Basus and Muhalhil's brother Qulaib brought the two tribes against each other and caused war. Muhalhil, who spent his time with entertainment before his brother's death, entered a new period after the death. On the one hand, the poet tried to revenge of his brother, on the other hand, he struggled to express feelings with poems. When it has been read Muhalhil's poems, it can be seen that he is very emotionalistic. The Muhalhil's elegy recited for his brother is similar to the elegy poems that are written in Jahiliyya. Tears and war are intertwined in his poems. Sometimes it can be seen that the expressions are subtle and emotional, while sometimes they are on a harsh style. While the poet is addressing his brother, feeling his pain, a delicacy emerges in his words. While talking about his brother's death, avenging and enemies, his expressions can suddenly become harsh. In the relevant parts of the study, examples of elegies from Muhalhil's diwan were given and it was tried to draw attention to these issues that we have mentioned. Muhalhil's diwan, that his poems found scattered in literature books, was first brought together and published by Talal Harb, and it was analyzed and annotated by Antuwan Mohsin el-Qavval. They are used in the study. In general, it can be said that in this study, the life of Muhalhil, who is father of elegy in Arabic poetry, has been emphasized, and some information about Ayyām al-ʿArab, especially the Basus war, has been conveyed. Then, attention has been given to Muhalhil's situation in Arabic poetry. Finally, examples of elegies from the poet's diwan has been determined, and some evaluations has been made by giving them together with their Turkish translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]