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Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Political Science / Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dinbilimleri Journal is the property of Dinbilimleri Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TÜBA-AR: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Archaeology is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emergence of the industrialization phases in the textile sector has made it important to reveal the unique aspects of the Turkish weaving tradition and the synthesis it has reached, from silk and wool weaving to cotton and linen weaving. The causal ties of the Ottoman weaving tradition with the past and the historical projections that have reached today have not yet been evaluated from a general point of view. This evaluation can only be possible with the researches to be carried out on the sub-types of the weaving tradition. In this context, it is important to reveal the general adventure of the Ankara shawl, which is referred to as the Engürü shawl in the Ottoman archive documents. Ankara shawl is the most important production commodity in Ankara, from the end of the 17th century to the 19th century and is the most demanded fabric by elite groups after quality silk fabrics. The first document in which the Ankara shawl was identified is dated 1715, while the last document is dated 1863. After 1790, the density of documents related to the Ankara shawl has been increasing. There are many signs that suggest that the Ankara shawl weaving technique was produced as a result of technical progress in the weaving technique of mohair fabric. Ankara mohair fabric is a type of weaving completely unique to the weaving technique from yarn raw material. Ankara shawl is a fabric woven from the same thread as mohair, in a period from the end of the 17th century to the first half of the 19th century, it was understood that summer clothes were made from Ankara shawl in cities such as Istanbul and Bursa. Navy and Saray are among those who demand the Ankara shawl. It has been determined that a white Ankara shawl was produced as a flag fabric for the Navy. The role of Muslim women in the production of fabric in Ankara is also reflected in the documents. Since the 19th century, important regulations regarding the production of shawls have been made in Ankara against imported shawl fabrics, but these measures have not been successful. It is also seen in the documents that shawls of European origin started to be in demand in Ottoman cities, especially in Istanbul, since the second half of the 19th century. It is understood that there was a very rapid decline in Ankara shawl production between 1830 and1840. Considering that the problem was due to the instability of quality and price instability, the Ottoman administration wanted Ankara shawl to be produced in standard size and quality and to be dyed and stamped in the miri dyehouse in order to avoid tax loss. For quality and price stability, since the second quarter of the 19th century, fixed places were determined in cities such as Istanbul and Bursa, with the practice of monopolization, and control over the supply was established. While the place determined in Istanbul within the framework of the monopolization application is Yenihan, it is the Old Yenihan in Bursa. Although the heavy tax burden on the Ankara shawl is felt in the content of the statements in the documents, it was not aimed to protect a certain group by bringing monopoly with the practice of monopolization, but rather quality and price stability. Objections to the fixed space application determined afterwards were reflected in the documents on the grounds that it hindered the production ability. Ankara shawl; varieties such as hünkâri, berce, kaba shawl, harcialem mediocre shawl and edna shawl and colors such as narcissus, canary, samuri, squirrel, brown, blue, yellow shawl and white shawl were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arkeoloji Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The point that technology has reached recently and the widening speed of the internet has made and transformed many daily practices functional via networks. Virtually created communities are increasing their influence every day by adding new members. Participation, which is indispensable for democratic cultures in the real world, has become critical in the virtual world and almost created a new “digital elite class”. Virtual participation which is created by various demographical people had begun to transform both the meaning and the methodology of internet technology. The concept of “gentrification”, which is generally used for real communities, can be interpreted with the most basic sense as an effort to improve the conditions in a certain place. Day by day, digital communities are becoming similar to real communities. The pattern of “gentrification” that is created by the culturally different people who are gathered in the virtual world, has become to reflect an elitist approach on the digital side as well. It can be interpreted metaphorically that the concept of gentrification can be effective in virtual communities as well. With the knowledge of the idea that a concept that is created and became meaningful from the real communities in the World can also be effective in the digital communities in the virtual world. This study aims to question and trace the concept of “gentrification” in digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ancient city of Sebaste, located in the Selçikler village in Sivaslı district of Uşak province, is include in the borders of Phrygia Region during the Roman Empire Period. The subject of the article is a door-type grave stele, which was unearthed during the mosque excavation in Selçikler in 1995. The stele has an arch depiction in a triangular pediment. The door frame is made with three fasciae. The door depiction in the frame consists of four panels with decoration on the stele body. Also the feature that distinguishes our stelefrom the door-type steles found in Sebaste and its immediate surroundings is the descriptions on the panels. According to the typological, iconographic and stylistic examines of the stele, is dated to the 2nd- 3th century AD. These centuries indicate the most magnificent periods of Sebaste. The discovery of such a gravestele in the city provides lightening knowledges about the existence of the urban elite class, the way of life and the burial custom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media influences governments' decisions by approving or condemning a matter, as well as manipulating the masses in line with the views of political elites. By using mediatization and framing approaches which underline the bi-directional influence of media in shaping public opinion, this paper focuses on the perception of "civilisation" and "Westernisation" in national newspapers during the period of Syrian refugee crisis. Content analysis of newspapers reveals the presence of an intense and widespread anti-EU and anti-Europe discourse in newspapers during this period. The perception of the West and the Muslims was sharpened in the newspapers, when the EU refused to accept Syrian asylum seekers who tried to reach Europe through Turkey on security grounds. This era has provided a suitable environment for JDP government to realize its modernisation vision, which constitutes an alternative to the Westernoriginated classical modernism. This quest of alternative modernization which emerged as a form of reaction to the Kemalist elites' target of "reaching Western civilization" in the foundation of Turkish Republic-also to Europe and its secular modernization- and the glorification of Islamic Civilization can be conceptualized as "desecular modernization". In this context, desecular modernisation which is reflected to the newspapers through the frames of "hypocrisy of the West", "rise of Islamophobia in the West", "collapse of Western civilization" and "rise of Islamic civilization" has been dominant in the media, while the classical modernization which is reflected in the newspapers through the idea of the West as the centre of civilization has lagged behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the situation of education as a status indicator in the period under Greek influence in ancient Rome, starting with the 3rd century BC. The conditions that developed this process, the emergence of a new classification in parallel with the change in Rome's social structure, and the importance of education in this further social stratification were emphasized. We focused on ancient literature. Evaluations were made with a sociological perspective. The change that Rome experienced in the mentioned period and the role of education in this change was highlighted. Besides the intense influence of the Greek culture, the Roman sovereignty's claim to bring the education factor to the forefront has turned into a race for the new Roman class to have a say in the Hellenistic world, and the competition element that has existed in various fields from the past has discovered its place in education. Surely, the separation between patrician and plebeian classes experienced in Rome at the beginning of this process was equalized with laws that caused the formation of a new hierarchical structure in Rome. In this sense, it is possible to talk about a new elite class formed by the plebeians who have economic power and can now find a place in the political field, together with the patricians. In the formation of this new elite class, status symbols are needed to help the Romans separate themselves from the rest, to draw their borders. In which we follow an example of the advantages and privileges of education in antiquity, this process is the case of sociologists like Bourdieu, who believes that education is a status indicator rather than just education, came to life in Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A little work has been done on the minhus/minhuvât (footnotes) that were one of the leading elements in the Ottoman manuscripts. As aware of this gap, this article will focus on a certain example, namely, the minhus in the Fütûhu'l-Mücâhidîn li-Tervîhi Kulûbü'l- Müşâhidîn that was Lâmiî Çelebi's sufi biographical translation from Câmî. The article will first try to determine the context in which this book appeared. In this context, the article will claim that especially since the 1500s, an Islamic-oriented reading audience has emerged in Diyâr-ı Rûm, and the leading stratum of this reading audience was the ruling elites of the Ottoman Empire, ilmiyye, seyfiyye, kalemiyye and the household of the Sultans, i.e. esnâf-ı askeriyye. Once the article underlines that Lâmiî was basically targeting this stratum of the reading audience when writing/translating his works, it will come to focus on the minhus in Lâmiî's translation. The article will first claim that these elements were added by Lamiî himself, and then focus on the question of why he added these elements to the translation. In the end, the article will argue that Lamiî added these minhus because he wanted toprepare his translation for his "target" reading audience, namely, esnâf-ı askeriyye. The article will also claims that minhus can also be considered as "reader-friendly" elements of the (Islamic) Ottoman manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Education is the property of Sakarya University, Institute of Education Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pursuit of History is the property of Selcuk University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Philosophy of morality is generally a sub-branch of practical philosophy whose subjects are human behaviors and actions. Are there general principles which determines human's actions and behaviors? Despite these principles, whether there is a free will which is within the field of ethics research. The meaning and value of human life occurs in an effort to achieve a higher purpose. In terms of morality, this higher purpose is what we called as "the highest good". Throughout history of morality, what is the highest good has been investigated. If any morality renders itself belonging to an elite clan limited due to difficulties in the implementation of the conditions demanded, this sort of morality is called aristocratic morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pursuit of History is the property of Selcuk University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies / Disiplinlerarasi Calismalar Dergisi is the property of Bilim ve Sanat Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elites are found in the summit of each social groups in society. Elites of each social group effective the own group management. Political elites control and use the resources while effective the state management and decision process. Analysis the social structure of Turkish political elites deduce about into the political participation of society while enlighten the structure of political parties. Analysis carried out periodically on the Turkish political elite. At this article, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey 23. Period Parliamentarians's social structure and distribution to political parties were explained Therefore, the parliamentarians's age, gender, profession, education and foreign language were analysied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Middle Eastern Studies / Ortadoğu Etütleri is the property of Turkmen Cooperation & Cultural Foundation Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Turkey, all of the changes aimed to become a nation-state display a connection to modernization process. However, this period, which can be named a process \"constructed\" by state elites, might be thought as part of one when these elites attribute the role of social engineering to themselves. In this respect, one of the most important features of the new Republic, which was founded on the roots of the fallen Ottoman Empire, is that it kept its continuity with the past and became a new nation and nationstate. In this framework, in the study, it is hypothesized that the new nation-state construct is reflected on the novels and that the novels had been benefited in the process of forming a national identity through nation-state notion. However, it is possible to state that in many novels written in the first years of the Republic, the connection with the Ottoman Empire was aimed to be cut almost in all means, and new values of the new Republic were aimed to be seeded in the society. According to this, in the study Reşat Nuri Güntekin's \"Yeşil Gece\" and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu's \"Yaban\" were analyzed and it was seen that the findings supported the hypotheses of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The big religions generally seem to be favouring the poor and the oppressed classes. Even though the Old Testament has an intolerant attitude towards rich people who are oppressing the poor, in practice hebrews maintain that the principles of the Old Testament like lowering the poverty, abolishing slavery is exclusive for jews. Christianity draws a picture of itself as being merciful towards the poor. But this religion seems unconcerned by social problems. Perceptions like the formation of socio-economic balance, social justice, and ontological equality are the main aims of the Islamic monotheist belief. The conceptions of Qur'an like monotheism, socio-economic justice and the life hereafter are closely connected to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After they became Muslim, and particularly during the Abbasid period, the Turks started to hold important positions in state institutions. Owing to their trustworthy characters, courage, and talents in organization, they became army commanders; their intelligence, discipline, and diligence led them generate many scientists and establish the most advanced research institutions of their time. The Caliphate in Baghdad was taken under the protection of Seljuk State, which was composed of Oghuz Turks. The Turks became a respected ethnic group in the Islamic world. Arabic, the language of religion, science and culture, and Persian, that of poetry and literature, were extensively learned by Turkish elites and used in their works. This had some adverse effects on the Turkish language and national culture. Mahmud el-Kashgari was one of the conscious Turkish elites who had realized this. In order to demonstrate how perfect and rich a language Turkish is, he wrote his work DLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, two specific issues will be dealt with: the activities of the Idilboyu Tatars, whose effects on the region increased due to the politics of Tsarist Russia towards Turkistan from the late 19th century to the early 20th century and the differences in the perceptions of the Tatars by the regional Turkic communities and the Russian bureaucrats and elits. While looking into these issues, those arguments that base the activities of tatars on only the economic reasons will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulema is one of the prominant group in the Ottoman society according to their statu. Ulema explained in Ottoman society as nobels or aristocrat group. This nobility had become heriditary by lineage, these groups had closed the outside by the inner marriages. In this article was mentioned three masters (efendi) who had good educated and gained respect by the place in society. Nowadays there were commen interest to historical persons. Main aim of the article focusing especially on tereke (inheritance of prominent people to their heirs) registers of 18th. Century elites. In these registers we find informations on their personal specialities for example; wealth, families, wearings, life performance and enjoyments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sivil Toplum: Dusunce & Aastirma Dergisi is the property of EDAM- Education Consultancy Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)