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Aim:Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) is used for oncologic imaging as hybrid imaging. Pediatric patients are exposed to ionizing radiation when they undergo hybrid medical imaging examinations. It is especially important to minimize the radiation exposure when children and infants are imagined, as immature tissues are more susceptible to damage induced by radiation. This study aims to reveal the oxidant and antioxidant status in oncology patients before and after PET/CT imaging.Methods:Between February 2019 and July 2019, pediatric oncology patients who underwent PET imaging at the time of diagnosis in our center were included in the study. Eighteen newly diagnosed cancer pediatric patients participated in this prospective cross-sectional study. Data were saved to synchronously kept excel log files and used in the study. Disulphide amounts, total and native thiols, native thiol/total thiol percent ratios, disulphide/native thiol percent ratios, disulphide/total thiol percent ratios, and Ischemia-Modified Albumin were calculated before and after the PET/CT imaging.Results:Disulphide levels, disulphide/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios of patients’ serum samples were significantly higher and the ratio of native thiol/total thiol was reduced after the PET/CT.Conclusion:There was disturbed thiol-disulfide homeostasis and the balance changed in the direction of oxidant damage. Our results indicate the possible oxidative stress condition due to radiation exposure with PET/CT in pediatric oncology patients.

Amaç: Bu gözlemsel, prospektif, vaka kontrol çalışmasında erişkin hastalarda serum dinamik Tiyol-Disülfir Homeostazisi (TDH) ile sepsis arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sepsis tanısı ile alan 44 hasta, yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu 44 sağlıklı kontrol ile karşılaştırıldı. Hastalar yoğun bakım ünitesi yatışından sonraki 28. günde sağ-kalan ve hayatını kaybedenler olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. TDH parametreleri yeni, otomatik ve spektrofotometrik bir yöntem kullanılarak ölçüldü ve sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Sepsisli hastalarda, nativ tiyol, total tiyol ve disülfit seviyeleri kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olarak bulundu ve bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi. Başlangıç TDH parametreleri sağ-kalan ve hayatını kaybeden hastalar arasındaki benzer bulundu. Ancak sağ kalan ve ex olan hastaların 3 ve 7. günde tekrarlanan TDH ölçümleri (nativ ve toplam tiyol seviyeleri) arasında anlamlı farklar bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışma, erişkin sepsis hastalarında dinamik TDH'deki bozulmanın negatif sonuçlara ilişkili olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Introduction: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) isan otologic emergency that can lead to loss of function in one of the mostimportant human senses. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has gainedpopularity with pharmacotherapy in ISSNHL. This study aimed to determinechanges induced in thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH, a new biomarker ofsystemic oxidative stress) by pharmacotherapy and HBOT in patients with ISSNHL.Methods: This prospectivestudy analyzed the albumin, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels anddisulfide-native thiol, disulfide-total thiol, and native thiol-total thiolratios before and after HBOT with standardizing pharmacotherapy using a newcolorimetric method in patientswith ISSNHL.Results: 41 patients withISSNHL including 14 (34.1%) women and 27 (65.9%) men participated in the study.The mean age of the patients was 48.02 ± 13.10 years. Of them, 24 (58.5%) hadhearing loss in the right ear and 17 (41.5%) had hearing loss in the left ear.There was a statistically significant decrease in the albumin (p lt;0.001),total thiol (p lt;0.001), native thiol (p lt;0.001), and disulfide (p lt;0.001)levels after treatment compared to baseline. There was no statisticallysignificant difference in the disulfide-native thiol (p=0.148), disulfide-totalthiol (p=0.172), and native thiol-total thiol (p=0.169) ratios after treatmentcompared to baseline.Conclusion: Consequently,this study demonstrated that the thiol-disulphide balance tended to shifttowards the oxidative side after HBOT and pharmacotherapy compared to baseline in patients with ISSNHL andthat patients with high oxidation level after treatment had better treatmentresponse.

Objective: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are generally seropositive, but 15-20% of patients with RA may be seronegative. Diagnosing patients with RA sometimes requires long and challenging research, and new diagnostic biomarkers are needed. This study aimed to investigate the use of netrin-1 as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis of RA from healthy controls and the relationships between netrin-1 and RA’s disease activity scores and joint erosions. Methods: The study group included 60 RA patients, and the control group included 41 healthy volunteers. Serum netrin-1 was measured using an ELISA kit with the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The RA Disease Impact (RAID) score was used to determine changes in quality of life, and the disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were used to assess disease activity. Results: In the comparison of netrin-1 serum levels, netrin-1 levels were found to be similar between RA and healthy controls [64.4 (35.8-551.4) and 65 (35.8-436.6), p=0.786, respectively]. No significant correlation was found between netrin-1 levels and disease indices (CDAI, DAS-28 ESR, RAID, and DAS-28 CRP) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Netrin-1 is not higher in the serum of RA patients compared to healthy controls, and its levels have no correlation with disease indices of RA.

Aim: To evaluate role of thiol and disulfide homeostasis, a novel marker of oxidative stress, in the follow-up acute abdomen. Material and Method: This prospective study included 107 patients (62 men and 45 women) with a diagnosis of acute abdomen (AA). In all patients, age, gender and cause of acute abdomen were recorded. In addition, native thiol (-SH), total thiol (tSH) and disulfide (-S-S-) levels at baseline, admission and on postoperative day 3 were prospectively recorded and -SS-/-SH, -S-S-/tH and -SH/tSH ratios were calculated. Results: When the causes of acute abdomen were assessed, it was seen that 72 patients (67.29%) underwent surgery due to appendicitis while 5 patients (4.67%) due to lower GIS perforation, 7 patients (6.54%) due to perforated peptic ulcer, 5 patients (4.67%) due to sigmoid volvulus, 4 patients (3.74%) due to strangulated hernia and 14 patients (13.08%) due to miscellaneous reasons. When thiol and disulfide levels were assessed as a single parameter, mean thiol level was 316.71±78.16 (327.5) at preoperative period and 264.00±72.85 (278.30) at postoperative period. The mean thiol level was significantly decreased at postoperative period (p

Purpose: Smoking is an important risk factor for both the onset and poor prognosis for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. There are no clear data on the relationship of COVID-19 to smoking status. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the thiol and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels of smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers among COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: 145 volunteer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to PCR test results were included in the study. These patients were divided into three groups as non-smokers (group 1, 49 patients), smokers (group 2, 52 patients), and ex-smokers (group 3, 44 patients). Venous blood samples were taken from the patients into serum tubes for the measurement of thiol and IMA levels. All statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS software program. Results: When the groups were compared, a significant difference was found between the thiol levels of group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3 (respectively, p=0.021, p=0.008). When the IMA levels were examined, a significant difference was found between the IMA levels of group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3 (respectively, p=0.009, p=0.005). Conclusion: Smoking disrupts the balance between the oxidant-antioxidant system in the body, this balance is also disrupted in the regeneration process in the body in COVID-19 patients who have quit smoking. In addition, although the relationship between COVID-19 disease and smoking is still controversial, it is undisputed that smoking has harmful effects on all systems in the whole body.

Introduction: The role of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in the development of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is controversial. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate Thiol/disulfide Homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with EH without atypia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case-control study, patients with EH without atypia (HP group) (n=28), patients with nonhyperplasia (proliferative/secretory/irregular proliferative/irregular secretory endometrium) (non-HP group) (n=28), and 28 healthy women (control group) were included. The patient's clinical characteristics, serum Thiol/disulfide parameters, and IMA levels were compared between groups. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the study. Patients’ mean age, BMI, and mean native thiol (-SH-), total thiol (-SH-+-SS-), disulfide (-SS-), and IMA levels were similar among the three groups. The -SS- /-SH- ratio was higher in the HP group than the non-HP group. -SS- /-SH-+-SS- ratio was higher in the HP group vs. the other two groups. The -SS- /-SH-+-SS ratio was higher in the HP group vs. the non-HP group. -SH-/ -SH-+-SS- ratio was lower in the HP group than in the non-HP group. ET was greater in the HP group than in the non-HP and control groups. ET was also significantly greater in the non-HP group vs. in the control group. -SS-/-SH- ratio was found to be predictive with 64% sensitivity and 68% specificity for EH (area under curve = 0.672, p = 0.01). Conclusion and Suggestions: The dynamic thiol/disulfide balance shifted to the disulfide side in women with endometrial hyperplasia.

Backraund; Thiols are important elements for oxidation reactions and under oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine thiole levels, an antioxidative marker in CAD patients with stable and acute coronary syndrome. Methods; 210 of the patients included in the study were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 205 consisted of patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Thiol groups levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis was measured by spectrophotometrically. Results: Native thiol and total thiol levels, disulfide/natural thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were decreased in the ACS groups compared to the SAP groups Conclusions: Thiol levels and thiol / disulfide ratios can be used as markers to evaluate acute coronary syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in early non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients diagnosed with high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)assays. Materials and Methods: In the first three hours of symptom onset, one hundred sixty-two patients without cardiovascular disease history admitted to our hospital with NSTEMI were enrolled between March 2018 and August 2019. The patients' IMA levels were compared with IMA levels of randomly selected, age and the sex-matched control group comprised of 61 subjects with normal coronary angiography results. Results: IMA levels of NSTEMI patients were higher than the control group. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a value equal or greater than 0.3855 ABSU has an 82% sensitivity and a 99.4% specificity for diagnosing NSTEMI (AUC: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.937 – 0.986,). In addition, ROC curve analysis revealed moderate predictive power for distinguishing three-vessel disease (cut-off value: 0.4290 ABSU, sensitivity 78.4% and specificity 56.3%, AUC: 0.696, 95% CI: 0.616 – 0.776,). IMA levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores of the patient group. Conclusion: Ischemia-modified albumin, when used alone, was very useful in distinguishing NSTEMI from non-ischemic controls. Besides, IMA levels were positively correlated with CAD severity.

Aim: We aimed to investigate thiol/disulphide homeostasis as an additional serum marker to prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Prospective study was conducted among 174 patients with PSA levels of 2.5–20 ng/mL without suspicion of malignancy in rectal examination and who underwent prostate needle biopsy. A total of 75 patients were included in our study after exclusion criteria. Serum PSA, thiol, and disulphide levels of the patients were recorded prior to biopsy. In this study, 25 patients with pathology results indicating prostate cancer, 25 randomly selected patients with pathology results indicating chronic prostatitis, and 25 randomly selected patients with pathology results indicating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were included. Results: Total and native thiol levels were higher in prostate cancer group than in BPH and chronic prostatitis groups; however, no statistically significant difference was observed (p> 0.05). When prostate cancer sub-groups were investigated, total and native thiol levels were noted to be higher in patients with a Gleason score of 7, 8, and 9 than in those with a Gleason score of 6; however, no statistically significant difference was observed (p> 0.05). Conclusions: Thiol levels were higher in prostate cancer group than in benign disease (BPH and chronic prostatitis) groups; these levels were also higher in group with high Gleason scores (Gleason 7, 8, or 9) than in group with a low Gleason score (Gleason 6); however, these differences were not statistically significant.

Introduction: We hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media, chronic mucosal inflammatory disease. We aimed to investigate a novel oxidative stress marker in this study. Materıals and methods: Thirty patient with chronic otitis media as the patient group and 30 healthy volunteer subjects as the control group were admitted to the study. Blood samples were taken when they admitted to our clinic before surgical intervention. In healthy volunteers, blood samples were taken when they were admitted to our policlinic. Thiol/disulphide levels were analyzed with a newly developed method by Erel and Neselioglu.Results: 30 subjects were included in chronic otitis media group (20 females, 10 males). 30 subjects were included in the control group (8 females and 22 males). Sex distribution within the groups was significantly different (p=0.004). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to the age distribution (p=0.072). Measured native thiol, disulphide and total thiol values of the groups were not significantly different from each other. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that although dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis was shifted towards disulphide formation as a result of thiol oxidation in patients with chronic otitis media. But we could not find any significant difference between groups.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether low thiol levels are associated with peri-procedural factors during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) upon admission with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and the prognostic value at 6-month follow-up. Methods: A total of 241 consecutive acute STEMI patients who underwent pPCI and a control group of 67 individuals with a normal coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Results: While age, contrast-induced nephropathy, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), stent length, and creatinine were related to native thiol, NT-proBNP, contrast-induced nephropathy, and creatinine were related to total thiol. NT-proBNP was also related to the disulphide level. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the levels of native thiol, total thiol, low-density lipoprotein, and serum albumin were found to be independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Initial lower native thiol, total thiol, LVEF, LDL, and serum albumin may be used to identify patients with an increased long-term risk of unfavorable cardiac events in case of STEMI.