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Businesses develop various strategies to gain competitive advantage in the market. Branding is one of these strategies. Brand is an important marketing tool for goods or services that provide advantage to businesses. The main source of competitive advantage for a product or service is to develop a recognisable brand name. For this reason, companies strive to achieve a positive, remarkable position in people's thoughts and to create a brand name that can affect a large number of people. A product may go out of fashion quickly, but a great brand is permanent, it is bought at a higher price due to the loyalty formed between brands and customers. A company's branding has a crucial role in determining its performance both domestically and internationally, increasing its recognition in a competitive and modern business environment. It is the impression left in the minds of a product's name, logo, brand, signs, advertisements, product users and a large number of consumers. One of the most important problems of private sector tea companies operating in Rize province is not being a brand. The aim of this study is to investigate the work done by private sector companies operating in the Turkish tea market in the name of branding. In this sense, questions were asked to the officials of 20 private sector tea brands operating in Rize province in accordance with the in-depth interview technique and the answers were evaluated. As a result, the problems experienced by the companies in going beyond the family company identity, delays in institutionalisation, deficiencies in advertising and promotion, and the inability to compete financially with the big companies in the market have been observed as prominent branding problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of termination by just cause was first regulated for joint stock companies in Article 531 of the Turkish Commercial Code no. 6102, which was present in the previous Turkish Commercial Code no. 6762 for sole proprietorships and limited liability companies. Termination by just cause in limited liability companies is regulated under Code no. 6102, in the third paragraph of the Article 636, in parallel with the Article 531 of the Code. The subject of our study is the analysis of the concept of just cause and the Turkish court decisions regarding termination by just cause lawsuits in joint stock and limited liability companies. It is crucial to determine whether there is a different approach towards "just cause" for joint stock and limited liability companies in the practice, and if so, whether it is necessary. In this context, after analysing the general information about the termination by just cause lawsuit and the concept of just cause, the data obtained from the comparative analysis of court decisions for both types of the companies are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pledge of joint stock and limited liability company shares is a frequently adopted method for providing security in business life. However, there are some fundamental differences between these two types of companies in respect of the free transferability of shares. In connection with these differences, particular problems/ discussions may come up about limited liability company shares, unlike joint stock company shares. Prohibition of share pledges by articles of association is one of these problems, which is specific to limited liability company shares. Contrary to the generally accepted opinion in doctrine, it reached the conclusion that such a prohibition shall not be stipulated because of the reasons stated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social, economic, political and technological developments have transformed every aspect of life. With the developments experienced, the strengthening of the liberal understanding has reduced the state intervention in business life and private companies have begun to come to the fore. This situation imposes responsibilities on private companies related to the fields that the state is obliged to regulate. Thus, companies started to carry out CSR activities in order to regulate social life. This study, which deals with CSR as a process within corporate communication, aims to reveal that CSR is an important field of activity and a multidimensional component of corporate communication in terms of sustainbility, based on the "Women Energy at Shell" project. A qualitative method was used in the study, which defines and analyzes CSR and corporate communication strategies through the "Women Energy at Shell" project of Shell Turkey. The research was carried out in the form of a case study. As a result of the research, it was found that the Women Energy at Shell tries to provide diversity, equality and inclusion in line with the policies of the institution. The project creates a significant transformation in society on gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Activity Based Costing (ABC) bridges resources and products / services by focusing on activities to more accurately distribute indirect costs incurred in the enterprise. Using ABC output for managerial objectives led to Activity Based Management (ABM) system. This paper aims to apply the activity analysis, which is a target of ABM, in a private company that manufactures fiber glass automobile cabins. The results show that receiving orders/jobs from the main activities of the manufacturing system is a non-value added activity. Similarly, some procedures, final control and packaging sub-activities have moderate productivity levels though it can be increased by curative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamalari Dergisi (MUVU) / Journal of Accounting & Taxation Studies (JATS) is the property of Ankara Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Musavirler Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic value created by companies operating in the furniture industry is very important for our country. This study aims to offer an alternative solution to the design-oriented problems of these companies. The subject of the research is the Siteler furniture production area in Ankara, which is one of Turkey's best established furniture areas. In the study, officials of 344 small and mediumsized companies operating in the Ankara-Siteler region were surveyed in person. As a result of the research, it was found that although the vast majority of firms are involved in design activities, very few of them have a design department and employ professional design staff, and that the companies who claimed that they used original designs are actually inspired by the products they have seen in catalogs, internet and fairs. Although companies have introduced numerous new products into the market during the last three years, it has been determined that almost all companies do not have a patent and utility model certificate, and at least two-thirds have not received a design award with a design registration certificate. A "design center" proposal was made by the researcher for the region where design-oriented problems were found to be most common, and the vast majority of companies stated that such a core unit was urgently required. It has been observed that a design center would make a significant contribution both to private companies and to all activities throughout the Siteler region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-compete obligation in limited liability company was an obligation brought by Turkish Commercial Code Numbered 6102 for directors on article number 626. Mentioned non- compete obligation is valid for all of the members of the board of directors with in the limited liability companies. Generally accepted that the purpose of the non- compete obligation is intent to prevent the directors those who know the company's secrets, competing with the company and thereby harming company's benefits. In this study, we examine the litigations for director's breach of non-compete obligation and the subject of the case, parties of the case and relationship with unfair competition cases with in the Turkish Supreme Court decisions and the opinions on Turkish doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the scope of this study, the effect of employer brand perception on organizational commitment was investigated. Data was gathered via survey technique. In order to measure employer brand perception, "Employer Brand Perception Scale" with two dimensions and 12 statements developed by Terlemez (2012) was used. To measure organizational commitment, "Organizational Commitment Scale" with three dimensions and 18 statements developed by Allen and Meyer (1990) was used. Research was conducted on 453 flight attendants working at a private airline company. As the result of hypothesis tests, all hypotheses were accepted. In this regard, it was determined that employer brand perception has positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study it is aimed to determine how human resources managers define strategic human resources management and to determine the characteristics of human resources management in order to be a strategic human resource management. It is also aimed to determine the advantages of strategic human resources management to the company according to human resources managers and to learn about why some companies do/can not advance human resources management functions to strategic dimension. In this qualitative research study, general screening model and focus group interview method was used. The universe of the research are the human resources managers of PERYÖN-related companies in the private sector. Focus Group Interviews were held with a total of 12 participants in 3 sessions. The data in the study was obtained through the Information Form and Focus Group Interview. The data were gathered under predetermined themes using Microsoft Excel program and analyzed with Descriptive Analysis method. As a result of the research, it can be said that the opinions of the HRM managers about SHRM are very similar to the statements in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first public transportation vehicles in Istanbul are continuous from the Ottoman to the Republic. One of them is the tram. The tram transportation network started to develop in Istanbul after 1923. New routes were also added upon request of the people. Initially, this service was provided by private companies. It was nationalized under the nationalization policy in 1939. Arrangements were made in the name of the institution. Progress was made on staff availability, salaries, equipment, instruments, maintenance and spare parts. Since the decisions taken were based on Government Decrees, they required extensive cooperation. Although some of the needs of the IETT institution were disrupted in the difficult conditions of the Second World War, the institution was still tried to be supported. IETT's structuring in line with the current laws based its functionality on sound principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the conditions under which the British established the East India Company with a shareholding structure while the struggle with European states and the stages of establishing commercial bases. The process starting with a new era, in which discovery of the new eastern trade path through the Cape of Good Hope, while the western countries developed, the east was impoverished and occupied. The British has started late trade with eastern but they have succeeded with their private companies with a shareholding structure. The efforts of Portugal and the Dutch to keep them away from the Spice islands, British started to establishment of commercial bases in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article 198/1 of the TCC provides an obligation to notify limited liability companies of any shareholding in the company reaching or dropping below certain thresholds, and register such shareholding with the trade registry and publish it in the trade registry gazette. This provision constitutes the broadest exception requiring the registry and publication of changes in shareholding in joint stock companies. The most important consequence of the breach of such notification obligation is suspension of all rights attached to relevant shares. It is controversial whether such sanction is proportionate, considering interests protected by the provision. It is also difficult to conclude that Article 198/1 is completely successful in providing necessary clarity on the scope of the said obligation which have such severe consequences. In particular, ambiguities regarding those subject to the notification obligation and the addressee of the notification make it difficult for undertakings to determine whether the notification obligation has arisen. This article, therefore, aims to examine the conditions, scope and legal consequences of the notification obligation set forth in Article 198 TCC, by presenting controversial points, criticisms and suggestions in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases which the capital is increased from external sources in joint stock and limited liability companies, determining the price of issued shares is of great importance. Because whether the price of new shares is lower than their real value, the value of the shares before the capital increase decreases. As a result, shareholders who do not exercise their preemptive right or is not able to exercise their preemptive right because it is removed or restricted, are damaged. Therefore, there is a need to examine whether issuance of new shares at a price under their real value is legitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a moderated mediation model was tested that were examined the perceived organizational obstruction as mediator and job insecurity as moderator in the relationships between psychological safety and employee performance. Research data were collected from 223 employees of a private service company located in Turkey by using survey technique. SPSS Macro program was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that perceived organizational obstruction mediated the relationship between psychological safety and employee performance. Also moderated mediation analyses showed that this indirect effect was strong when employees' perceptions of job insecurity were low but not job insecurity was high. The findings of the research contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between psychological safety and employee performance in terms of perceived organizational obstruction and job insecurity. In line with these findings, the theoretical and practical implications of the research were discussed and suggestions were made for future studies and sector managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Review of European Studies (ARES) / Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi (AAÇD) is the property of Ankara University European Union Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Review of European Studies (ARES) / Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi (AAÇD) is the property of Ankara University European Union Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Systematic risk being insensitive to portfolio diversification affects all financial markets and all financial assets operated in these markets.Systematic risk measure beta coefficient shows the sensitivity of the securities’ returns to variations in the market return.Beta coefficient is forecasted by using regression model.For publicly traded firms, we know the historical market datas,thus there is no difficulty for estimating beta coefficients of these firms.On the other hand,private companies do not have a market price history.Consequently there are difficulties for estimating beta coefficients of private companies.In this study,to forecast beta coefficients for private firms,three models or approaches are suggested and with details analysed.These models or approaches are accounting betas,fundamental betas and comparable publicly traded firms betas.

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition is the property of Global Media Journal, Turkish Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

E-bill application that is defined as creation, recording, storage and presentation of the invoices required to be kept electronically had been opened to first limited and stock companies by the General Communique on Tax Procedure Law numbered 397. Current practice, costs of delay interest of businesses engaged in the purchase and sale of futures products is in the total value of bills except for VAT. According to this bill, basically, this delay interest that is the financial expense or interest income in the accounting records is in the cost of sales of goods or services or sales revenue. Standards such as stocks and the cost of borrowing In the Turkey Accounting Standards are required to recorded in separate accounts in the sum of the bill of the delay interests. Not takingin to account TAS in the preparation of electronic in voices does not reveal a contribution to TAS integration process. In this study, It has been suggested that the addition of a new data field to ebills for these paration the sum of the bill of delay interests except for VAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the end of the 20th century, today's businesses began to understand the importance of it's employees and Human Resources Planning has become one of the indispensable issues. Today in both private and public enterprises have begun to show the same importance. In this study, administered through a questionnaire on Human Resource Planning were attempted that views on the subject of private enterprises where operating in the industrial zone in the Marmara Region. At the End of the study, according to obtained data no difference was observed on perspective of Human Resource Planning among companies either based on the number of employees or the duration of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Accounting & Auditing Perspective Magazine / Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış is the property of Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TURMOB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

System of local government functions of the firms affected by the economic status of the axis of the local administrations in Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina within the framework of the sample sites have been revealed. The firms in private sector is affected by completion of the properties of local government or private sector enterprises within the framework of competition. In sum may be argued, the economic functions of businesses affected by the degree of local governments (D) of local governments editing function (regulation), infrastructure provision function (infrastructure), supply function (supply), the consumer function (consumption), the financial markets to increase demand function (demand financial), the economic transfer function (economical transfer), increasing the demand function by means of social transfers (social transfer), the employment function (employment) is associated with. the private companies are positively influenced by, c, te, ts and e variables. Functions and capacities of local administrations in Turkey, based on these variables is more advanced than in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Private sector firms are negatively influenced by -s and -df variables. These two functions can also be variable, based on the local government developed in Turkey than in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1929 economic crisis, influenced the nearly rest of the world and also Turkey. The economic politics which was followed couldn't be successful. At this period, Ahmet Hamdi Basar as a economist, said his opinions and propose the opinion of the economic etatism. For this opinion; the government is going to do some investments where the private companies couldn't do but isn't going to take the management. After the private companies get the power, the government is going to take its capital and than give the field to the private enterprises. Ahmet Hamdi Basar took hand the Istanbul Habor Company - the first company of the economic etatism. After a successful period with the control of the company by the government, he became the director of Sponge Turkish Joint Stock Company. This company got a good progress and became a bring profit association with the director of Basar. After the severance of Basar from the director of this company, the company started to worsen and than got into debt and finally closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting & Auditing Perspective Magazine / Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış is the property of Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TURMOB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This project has multiple purposes: (1) to develop a representative sample of private sector firms in Turkey through truly probabilistic sampling processes, (2) based on this sample, to explore the general profiles of firms in Turkey in terms of three organizational culture elements identified in the literature as key drivers of superior firm performance; namely, Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, (3) to examine the effects of these cultural factors, on their Innovative Capacity, and (4) to further examine the joint effects of cultural orientations and Innovative Capacity on aspects of long-term firm performance. To these ends, a sample of 441 firms has been developed and data have been collected from the managers and employees of these firms (2720 questionnaires). The data have been analyzed in order to test the hypothesized relationships across the study constructs, and several insights have been derived. Foremost, the results indicate that the three cultural orientations are very strong determinants of Innovative Capacity and a number of performance indicators, including long-term profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The theoretical premises issued by the party leadership and the revolution in the matter of socialism have become a reality in the Iraqi country that the Iraqis are proud of, and the brothers and friends are blowing it as the stage of socialist transformation and the implementation of giant national development plans have begun. For the purpose of expediting the development process, it was necessary to review the laws governing companies, which have become unable to keep pace with development and regulate them again in a way that is consistent with the conditions of the current and future stages. The Official Gazette on the eighteenth of April in the year ۱۹۸۳ and became effective on the nineteenth of October in the year ۱۹۸۳ Mansha as the legal provisions that apply to companies distributed between multiple legislations, the most important of which are the Commercial Companies Law No. 31 of 1975 and Civil Law No. 40 of 1951 and legal laws and decisions Others have fallen short of achieving these areas and goals, and of keeping pace with the current and future changes in relation to companies of the mixed sector and the private sector in various areas of economic activity. The competent economic sectors and the requirements of development plans and organizing them in a way that helps them to perform their role in development in all areas they have been active in since Its establishment and expiration .. For all of this, the Companies Law No. 36 of ع was enacted, and the provisions of the companies were regulated by a new integrated organization in addition to introducing some new provisions that were not previously regulated in previous legislations. Article (1) of the Companies Law specified the aim of the law by saying: «This law aims To organize companies and develop their activities according to the requirements of national development and the requirements of the socialist construction phase. Although more than three years have passed since the issuance of the Companies Law, we have not found in-depth jurisprudential studies dealing with an explanation of its provisions, and we will address in this research clarification of the provisions of the managing director of the company, and an acronym for the manager, the word of the manager has become extinct only