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We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a clinical picture with symptoms such as headache and unconsciousness, and requiring differential diagnosis with various central nervous system disorders including encephalitis. A 36-year-old female was admitted with altered mental status, somnolence and absurd speech starting a few days after giving labour prior to one week. Neck stiffness and meningeal irritation signs were absent. Body temperature was 37.2°C, and blood pressure was 150/90 mmHg. White blood cells were 16 000 /mm³ (89% polymorphonuclear). Cerebrospinal fluid findings were unremarkable. Cranial computed tomography scan without contrast revealed approximately 5-cm diameter patchy hypodense lesions in left occipital region. Furthermore, axial T2-weighted images showed hyperintense areas without mass effect and axial T1-weighted images showed hypointense areas in occipital regions and in basal ganglia and capsula interna levels bilaterally in cranial magnetic resonance imaging without contrast. PRES diagnosis was made with clinical and neuroradiological findings. She was followed with symptomatic treatment, and her hypertension was brought under control. She became conscious after 4th day of hospitalization, and nearly complete regression of her previous lesions were observed in cranial MR repeated on 9th day of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological entity that is characterized by headache, seizure activity, visual changes, and consciousness impairment. Risk factors of PRES include preeclampsia/eclampsia, hypertension, sepsis, organ transplantation, and cytotoxic drug use. The treatment strategy associates general measures with the correction of the underlying cause of PRES. The management and treatment of preeclampsia-caused PRES that healed without sequelae in the intensive care unit are reported in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PLES) which is associated with acute elevations in blood pressure is a rare syndrome characterised by headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and visual disturbances with specific signs on brain images. Here, we report three patients with PLES. Three patients who were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis because of chronic renal failure were admitted with seizure, headache and confusion. They were 6.5, 9 and 13 years old and had acute elevations in blood pressure. By means of clinical and neuroradiological signs they were diagnosed with PLES. While evaluating patients with chronic renal failure who have nausea, vomiting, confusion and visual disturbance accompanying hypertension, PLES should be considered in the differential diagnosis and brain MR images should be searched for the specific findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiologic entity characterized by headache, variable mental status, epileptic seizures, visual disturbances, and typical transient changes in the posterior cerebral perfusion. Parieto-occipital region is the most commonly involved site in this syndrome. Less commonly, brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are involved besides the supratentorial white matter areas. However, isolated brainstem involvement is very rare. We here present a case of isolated brainstem involvement in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome diagnosed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]