80 results on '"ROAD CONSTRUCTION"'
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2. XX. Yüzyıl Başında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Anadolu Vilayetlerinde Başlattığı Yol ve Köprü Yapım İşleri (1908-1918) ile Bu İşlerde Görevlendirilen Alman Mimar ve Mühendisler
- Author
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Yavuz, Mehmet
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı is the property of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tahiri Tilligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Çelik Cüruflarının Potansiyel Kullanım Alanlarının Değerlendirilmesi.
- Author
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Tozsin, Gülşen and Kavasoğlu, Burak
- Subjects
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RAILROAD design & construction , *ROAD construction , *NATURAL resources , *CEMENT industries , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
In addition to the natural resources of the countries, the evaluation of wastes has had a significant impact on the competitiveness of the economy in recent years. Especially the recycling of wastes generated because of industrial production and their use in different sectors both provide economic benefits by reducing the need for primary raw material use and contribute to the prevention of the negative environmental effects of these wastes. In this study, the potential of use of steel slag, which is produced as a by-product in steel production facilities, in different areas, which will contribute to the national economy through recycling, has been evaluated. When the characteristics of the slag formed during the production of steel, which is an important resource of the Turkish economy, are examined, it has been observed that it is suitable for use in many areas. Studies have shown that the slag formed because of steel production can generally be used instead of natural aggregate. It has been evaluated that this material can be used at an acceptable level in many areas such as road construction, cement and concrete production, coastal and port structures, railway construction, fertilizer, and grit production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. M1 ve M2 aydınlatma sınıfı yollar için geliştirilen bir COB LED'li yol aydınlatma armatür modelinin optik tasarımı.
- Author
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Ünlü, Duygu Yiğit and Şahin, Necmettin
- Subjects
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LIGHT sources , *DESIGN software , *ROAD construction , *RAY tracing , *LIGHT curves , *LED displays - Abstract
In this study, the optical design and analysis of a road lighting fixture model with COB LED suitable for M1 and M2 lighting class roads was carried out. In the design phase, Cree-XLamp-CXA1830 LED was preferred as the light source. The 3D solid model of the concave-convex spherical lens compatible with the selected COB LED was modeled and simulated by Zemax optical design software and created in SolidWorks 3D design software. The COB LED and lens distance are optimized in LightTools lighting design software using the Monte Carlo ray tracing method (Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Method). Light distribution curves and photometric data files (IES, LDT) were obtained by performing simulation studies for COB LED modules and fixture models with 20-module COB LEDs through LightTools software. Using the obtained photometric data files, lighting analysis was performed for M1 and M2 class road conditions by means of DIALux lighting calculation and simulation software. The suitability of the luminaire models was evaluated by comparing the road lighting parameters obtained from the DIALux analysis with the road lighting criteria accepted by the International Lighting Organization (CIE). In this study, it has been observed that the designed COB LED luminaire model meets the M1 and M2 class road lighting criteria defined by CIE. In the study, the optical design phase of a original and highly efficient luminaire model with COB LED in accordance with M1 and M2 road lighting class criteria has been successfully completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Geosentetik Donatılı İstinat Duvarı ile Betonarme İstinat Duvarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Kastamonu-Karabük Karayolu Örneği.
- Author
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Yumrutaş, Halil İbrahim, Keskin, İnan, and Aydın, Ulaş
- Subjects
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STRUCTURAL engineering , *CONCRETE walls , *REINFORCED soils , *RETAINING walls , *ROAD construction - Abstract
Embankment is a frequently encountered application in road and railway constructions. In this study, reinforced concrete retaining wall, which is one of the traditional engineering structures and constructed to provide fill stabilization, and geosynthetic (geogrid) reinforced retaining structure were analyzed comparatively by considering cost, construction time, duration for service, service life, and aesthetics criteria. The comparisons were carried out on the engineering structures in two different locations on the same highway, which are under responsibility of the General Directorate of Highways (KGM). In the first location, a reinforced concrete retaining wall was designed instead of the existing geosynthetic reinforced wall, while a geosynthetic reinforced wall was designed instead of the existing reinforced concrete retaining wall in the second location. Cost analyses were made in line with KGM items. It was concluded that geosynthetic reinforced earth walls became advantageous in terms of cost, especially in parallel with the increase in height. In addition, it is revealed that geosynthetic reinforced walls are more advantageous when their performance is evaluated in terms of construction time, duration for service, service life and aesthetics criteria. It is thought that the data obtained from results of the study will contribute decision makers to decide the most appropriate engineering structure in terms of both performance and cost at the locations where filling stability problems arise in highway construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Türkiye'de bitümlü bağlayıcı karışımların dinamik modüllerinin belirlenmesine yönelik farklı yaklaşım.
- Author
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EYADA, Saadoon Obaid, ÇELİK, Osman Nuri, and ALDAKUKY, Mohammed Ihsan
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VISCOELASTIC materials , *TRAFFIC speed , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *ROAD construction , *PAVEMENTS , *ASPHALT modifiers , *ASPHALT - Abstract
Asphalt is considered a valuable construction material because of its strong, adhesive, and durable characteristics. Asphalt binder is a viscoelastic material and has a different behavior under different climate condition and traffic loadings and speed. Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures E* is an important factor in pavement design therefore Highway Authority in Turkey has developed a mathematical model for the determination of E* based on research conducted for this purpose. During this study, it was found that this model is not sufficient for the determination of E* under different climate conditions (temperatures) and traffic speeds. An experimental program has been conducted for testing different typical virgin and modifies asphalt binders in Turkey. The results have been analyzed using Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Method MEPDM as the new model will be part of this new design method as recommended by Highway Authority in Turkey. A new approach for the determination of E* in Turkey has been found and recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
7. Farklı bölgelerden temin edilen bazalt agregasının temel ve alttemel malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması.
- Author
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SALTAN, Mehmet and AKILLI EL, Alev
- Subjects
- *
FLEXIBLE pavements , *SPECIFIC gravity , *MINERAL aggregate testing , *BASALT , *ABRASION resistance , *ROAD construction , *PAVEMENTS , *FREEZE-thaw cycles - Abstract
In this study, the usability of gray-black volcanic basalt aggregate, which has been widely used in many areas in our country in recent years where its reserves are common, as base and sub-base material in road construction has been experimentally investigated. In the study, basalt and sedimentary limestone aggregate samples were obtained from the quarries in Isparta, Ankara-Polatlı, Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ regions. Aggregate samples obtained from three different regions have been classified in different particle sizes according to the TS 3530 EN 933-1 (2012) standard. Aggregates of different particle sizes have been dried in the drying oven for 24 hours and mixed homogeneously according to the gradation curve. Sieve analysis, frost resistance with Na2SO4, impact fragmentation, specific gravity and water absorption tests on aggregates, compact and loose unit weight tests, Micro-Deval tests were performed on aggregate mixtures in laboratory environment. In addition, Proctor test was conducted to identify the relationship between the compressed moisture and density of the aggregate samples formed. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples have been detected with the experiments and their usability as base and subbase material have been compared. The results show that the properties of the basalt material change depending on the region, the freeze-thaw loss of Ankara-Polatlı basalt aggregate is 1%, and the aggregate samples do not exceed the limit values of frost resistance and abrasion value. In addition, it has been found that basalt aggregate is more suitable to be used in flexible pavement construction, while limestone material is more suitable to be used as road base or sub-base material. It has been found that basalt aggregate would make a great contribution in increasing the lifetime of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. KASTAMONU’DA YIKILAN TARİHİ AHŞAP BİR KÖPRÜ: BOZKURT - İLİŞİ KÖYÜ CUMAYANI KÖPRÜSÜ.
- Author
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BAYRAKTAR, Mehmet Sami
- Subjects
VERNACULAR architecture ,FLOOD damage ,ROAD construction ,PEDESTRIAN crosswalks ,BRIDGE abutments ,PEDESTRIANS ,WOODEN beams - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. KORYKOS'TAN ÜÇ KAYA MEZARI VE BULUNTULARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME.
- Author
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ELİÜŞÜK, Mevlüt, TEKOCAK, Mehmet, and ÜNLÜ, Yaşar
- Subjects
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TOMBS , *ROAD construction , *INTERMENT , *MIDDLE Ages , *CREMATION , *ANCIENT cemeteries - Abstract
The name of Korykos, which was one of the most important cities in the Rough Cilicia, was first mentioned during the time period of Antiochus III. Korykos is listed among the cities captured (223-187 BC) by him in the first phase of the military operations initiated by him to remove the Ptolemaiens from the whole of Anatolia (197 BC). This data indicates that the city was inhabited during the Hellenistic Period. However, the only remnant in the city center dating to this term is a wall braided with the polygonal technique. The fact that so few ruins from the Hellenistic Period have survived in the city is explained by the intense inhabiting of it during the Roman Period, Late Antiquity and the Middle ages. A rich variety of tombs including polygonal stone-walled tombs, tholos tombs, temple planned tombs, vaulted tombs, rock-cut tombs, sarcophagai and chamosorions can be observed in and around the city center of Korykos. The most numerical of these tomb types are the rock-cut tombs. There has been no mention of any rock-cut tomb, dating earlier than the 2nd century AD in the studies carried out so far on these rock-cut tombs. However, the subject of this article which consists of three rock-cut tombs and their finds discovered by big chance during the construction of a highway in 2003 prove that the tombs here date back considerably earlier. These tombs have concretely revealed tradition for the rock-cut tombs, which is very common in the city. Here it is discussed that such tombs do not belong to the 2nd century AD, as some studies have assumed until today, but that the tradition dates back to the 1st century BC. In the Hellenistic Period, in areas outside the city center of Korykos, approximately forty polygonal stone-walled tombs which were placed in a scattered manner are identified, while during the same period no necropolis area is observed at the center. This situation is explained by the existence of the cremation funerary tradition. The presence of a stamnoid pyxis, which was found in Tomb Number II is assumed to be used for cremation purposes and it is a significant finding that demonstrates the cremation funerary tradition in Korykos. Thus, it is extremely evident that the city's rock-cut tombs were used for cremation funerary in the Late Hellenistic Period. However, there is no definite finding or knowledge about the inhumation burial tradition in Korykos during the Hellenistic Period. The finds in these tombs, on the other hand, have been incredibly important data in terms of showing that inhumation burial was practiced in the Korykos rock-cut tombs in the 1st century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
10. Esnek Kaplamalı yollarda Kayseri volkanik cüruflarının dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği.
- Author
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Acar, Mehmet Cemal
- Subjects
- *
FILLER materials , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *ROAD construction , *VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. , *SLAG , *VOLCANIC soils - Abstract
Kayseri Volcanic slag (VC) is a natural material containing soil-sized rock fragments, pozzolanic minerals and volcanic ash formed as a result of explosive volcanic activity. Volcanic slag exists as ready aggregate in nature in the form of conical slag hills or as waste from building foundation excavations. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the usability of the volcanic slag aggregates, which are naturally abundant in Kayseri, and after stabilization with cement in the construction of road or airport pavements and to encourage the diversification of filling materials in regions where resources are limited. The results have shown that VC is suitable for road fill and subbase layer, but it does not have sufficient strength to be used in road base layers and cannot be used in fill of base layer of highways without soil improvement. In order to investigate the use of VC in the base layer of highways, strength tests were conducted by stabilizing it with 3% and 5% cement. As the best result, with 5% cement mixture by weight, 7 and 28 days UCS strength of 3.1 MPa and 4.97 MPa were obtained, respectively, and CBR strength was obtained at 108.4% and 148.6%, respectively. These values meet the strength requirement specified in the standards for the base layer of the highways. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the geotechnical properties of volcanic slags can be improved by stabilizing them with cement, and can be used as a construction material in base fill, subbase and base layers of flexible paved roads and in all kinds of fillings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Marmara Denizi dip tarama malzemesinin yol inşaatında yeniden kullanım potansiyeli.
- Author
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Coşkun, Ece Bayram and Teymür, Berrak
- Subjects
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DREDGING spoil , *ROAD construction , *DREDGING , *MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *CURING - Abstract
Nowadays, dredged materials, which are obtained from variable dredge operations, is no longer considered as waste, instead the potential reuse areas are studied by researchers. In this study, the impacts of cement or lime treatment on the engineering properties of dredged material, which is obtained by dredging operations into the sea, and the potential reuse of treated dredged materials for road construction were examined. Atterberg limit tests, miniature compaction test and unconfined compression test was performed on raw and cement/lime treated dredged materials. The samples were cured for 1 day,7 and 28 days for unconfined compression test. The test results show that the plastic limit of treated samples increases with addition additives when their plasticity index decreases. The unconfined compression strength of treated dredged material improved with increase in additive content and curing time. It has been determined that cement/lime treatment improves engineering properties of dredged material and it is suitable for different phase of road layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Farklı Agregalarla Üretilen Silindirle Sıkıştırılmış Betonların Donma-Çözülme Direncinin Araştırılması.
- Author
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KILIÇ, İsmail and GÖK, Saadet Gökçe
- Subjects
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ROLLER compacted concrete , *ULTRASONIC testing , *FREEZE-thaw cycles , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *RAW materials , *ROAD construction - Abstract
Roller compacted concretes are a building material that can be produced using the raw materials used in traditional concrete production, which allows working with dry mix with the production technique, and is preferred for use in road and dam constructions. In this experimental study, the effect of using different aggregates in roller compacted concretes on the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete was investigated. Dolomite, basalt, marble and limestone were used as coarse aggregates in the production of roller compacted concrete. In roller compacted concrete production, concrete mixtures with zero slump value and water/cement ratio of 0.35 were prepared, and these mixtures were compressed in two stages and placed in the mold. The specimens were demolded 24 h after casting and moist-cured. The water-saturated cube specimens, which were kept in lime-saturated water for 90 days, were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles of 12 hours at +20°C and 12 hours at -20°C. At the end of 25, 50 and 75 cycles, the weight and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of roller compacted concrete specimens were recorded. At the end of 75 cycles, the average compressive strength, standard deviation and coefficient of variation values of the specimens were determined. At the end of 75 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength loss was determined as 12.2% in the samples produced with dolomite aggregate, 13.8% in those produced with basalt, 3.3% in those produced with marble, and 4.6% in those produced with limestone. As a result of the experimental study, it was observed that the aggregate type was effective on the freeze-thaw resistance of the roller compacted concretes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Geri kazanılmış asfalt malzemenin uzun süreli filtrasyon performansı.
- Author
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BAYIN SARIAHMETOĞLU, Ayşegül, İYİSAN, Recep, YALÇIN DAYIOĞLU, Aslı, and HATİPOĞLU, Mustafa
- Subjects
- *
PARTICLE size distribution , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering , *MATERIALS management , *ROAD construction , *ASPHALT pavements , *ASPHALT , *CRUMB rubber - Abstract
In this article, the long-term filtration performance of recycled asphalt pavement material (RAP), one of the types of construction/demolition (C&D) waste, is investigated when used as a filter material in highway drainage systems. Long-term filtration tests (LFT) were carried out in the ASTM D 5101 experimental setup, which was redesigned and manufactured in order to determine the permeability behavior of the drainage system consisting of recycled asphalt and geotextile. With the usage of modified ASTM D 5101 test setup, potential clogging mechanisms that may occur, and the change in grain size distribution of the material with respect to time and flow direction were determined. The long-term filtration test program aims to prove that recycled asphalt material could be used instead of natural filter materials particularly in the construction of highway drainage systems. The recovery of this material by reusing it will, eliminate the storage problem, prevent environmental pollution and make a contribution in terms of sustainable material management (SMM) in geotechnical engineering applications. In the study, the long-term filtration behavior of the drainage system consisting of aggregate and geotextile was investigated in the modified ASTM D 5101 test system. The gradient ratio (GR) and the permeability ratio (KR) were determined in the long-term filtration experiments performed under different hydraulic gradients, which define the clogging performance of the aggregate/geotextile system. Recycled asphalt aggregate and natural aggregate (NA) were used to evaluate the filtration performance of aggregates. A non-woven geotextile material with a pore opening to represent the worst conditions in terms of clogging was selected considering its hydraulic and physical properties. The results of the long term filtration tests indicate that the performance of the recycled asphalt material is comparable to the natural aggregate. Additionally with controlled bitumen content, it can be used as an aggregate material in highway drainage systems in terms of filtration properties, thus contributing to sustainable material management. Therefore, with the re-use of RAP as a filter material in highway drainage systems a contribution to the protection of environment could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Aizanoi Antik Kentinde Bulunan Odeion Yapısının Malzeme Özellikleri ve Hasar Durumunun Incelenmesi.
- Author
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Kahraman, Gülçin and Özgünler, Seden Acun
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION materials ,ROAD construction ,MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter ,RESIDENTIAL areas ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,EXCAVATION ,NATION building - Abstract
Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Yapay sinir ağları ile Marshall stabilite değerinin tahmini.
- Author
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Kıyıldı, Recep Koray
- Subjects
- *
CONSTRUCTION industry , *ROAD construction , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *CONCRETE mixers , *BITUMEN analysis - Abstract
In this article, Marshall stability tests carried out in Niğde-Adana highway construction site were used. The results of the experiments performed on the core sample were modelled by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In Marshall stability test performed on the specimen of asphalt concrete mixture; the Marshall stability values, which are determined by the percentage of bitumen according to the weight of aggregate, the percentage by weight of the bitumen in the mixture, the volume specific gravity and the void values, were estimated by using the ANN method. When the prediction model obtained as a result of the training was inspected with the previously separated experimental results, it was determined that there was a good relationship between the Marshall stability values estimated by the ANN model and the experimentally obtained values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Hadrianoupolis Kuzeybatı Nekropol Kilisesi'nin Bema ve Apsis Mozaikleri.
- Author
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ÇELİKBAŞ, Ersin and VERİM, Ercan
- Subjects
INSCRIPTIONS ,ROAD construction ,ARTISTIC style ,ANCIENT cemeteries ,EXCAVATION ,MOSAICS (Art) ,WORKMANSHIP - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Mosaic Research is the property of Uludag University, Mosaic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Yol Altındaki Killi Bir Zeminin Uçucu Kül ile İyileştirilmesinin Karayolu Üstyapısına ve Maliyetine Etkileri.
- Author
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GEÇKİL, Tacettin, TANYILDIZI, M. Mahmut, and YILDIRAN, E. Serdar
- Subjects
FLEXIBLE pavements ,CLAY soils ,FLY ash ,ROAD construction ,AUTOMOTIVE transportation - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Defense Sciences / Savunma Bilmleri Dergisi is the property of Turkish Military Academy Defense Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Erzurum'un ilk planlama deneyimi: 1939 Lambert planı.
- Author
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Dursun, Doğan
- Subjects
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URBAN planning , *INDUSTRIAL districts , *CITIES & towns , *CONSTRUCTION laws , *ROAD construction , *URBAN land use , *SUSTAINABLE transportation - Abstract
Erzurum is one of the cities, whose modernization and economic development is aimed in the first years of the Republican period and urban development plan has been made in parallel with this aim. The Lambert plan as the first urban development plan of Erzurum was made by the French Planner J. H. Lambert in 1939 and formed the core of the city. The plan has not been revealed up to this date and its structural configuration has not been discussed yet. The plan had formed the development of urban area in Erzurum between 1939 and 1957. In this study, Lambert Plan and its report as the first planning experience of Erzurum has been explored and examined. Also, effects of Lambert plan on urban order of central area in the city and the level of implementation have been examined. The present state of urban areas has been questioned in the context of this plan, and urban developments that do not comply with the plan have been revealed. In the scope of the study, while the effects of the plan on today's settlement characteristics of Erzurum were examined, on the other hand, the level of consistency of this plan to the principles and procedures of the Law of Buildings and Roads in 1933 was discussed. Firstly, the characteristics of the pre-planning period were explained in order to evaluate the general conditions in Erzurum affecting Lambert's decisions. The Lambert plan was then analyzed within the urban land uses (transportation, commercial areas, housing, green areas, conservation areas, new regions and industrial districts) in terms of both the 1933 Building and Roads Law and today's spatial organization. All these points indicate that the Lambert Plan is very important in terms of spatial planning history of the city of Erzurum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Geri Dönüştürülmüş Beton Agregasının Düşük Plastisiteli Bir Kilin Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi.
- Author
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BİLGEN, Gamze
- Subjects
- *
CLAY soils , *ROAD construction , *COMPRESSIVE strength , *SOIL stabilization - Abstract
In this study, an experimental research was conducted on the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) obtained by pulverized of broken concrete samples which were used for determining the strength of concrete. Concrete samples were crushed in the laboratory and reduced to the required dimensions for the experiments. The clayey soil provided in the vicinity was chosen as the sub-base material to be used in road and embankment construction. RCA prepared by sieving 425-micron (No: 40) were mixed with sub-base soil at 5%, 10% and 15% thereby samples were prepared in different mixing ratios. Some geotechnical experiments were performed on the mixtures prepared to determine the effect of RCA on the water-density relationship and mechanical properties of clayey soil such as Proctor, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). According to the results of the experimental study, RCA improves the mechanical properties of low plasticity clayey soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Granüler yol malzemeleri için regresyon yöntemiyle Esneklik modülü (Mr) tahmin modeli geliştirilmesi.
- Author
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Yılmaz, Altan
- Subjects
- *
IGNEOUS rocks , *DYNAMIC testing , *ROAD construction , *REGRESSION analysis , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Resilient modulus is an important design parameter for highway pavement structures because it represents the structural strength of pavement layers. The resilient modulus depends on the factors such as applied stress, loading time, water content, dry density and gradation. This paper demonstrates the applicability of regression methodology for estimating the (Mr) Resilient modulus of pavement layers using the results of dynamic triaxial tests. Aggregate samples were collected from several different quarries of central Anatolia. All of the aggregate sources were igneous rock (basalt, and trachy-basalt). Initial work content of triaxial tests to obtain the resilient modulus of cylindrical aggregate samples. Than new mathematical model proposed by using the results of dynamic triaxial tests. In the regression model; aggregate physical properties, aggregate mixture properties and loading factors (a total of 8 variables) which are used as input parameters and the resilient modulus of the aggregate mixture obtained as output. In order to compare the effectiveness of the new method, coefficients for the Uzan constitutive model were also determined for laboratory testing and were compared with the approach described in this paper. Performance parameters of R²:0.98 and Standard error: 10.51 was obtained from model prediction. These results are quite sufficient, and the regression model assumed the resilient response to be like a function by using the stated material parameters. So, this approach makes it possible to estimate the resilient modulus of the different aggregates samples in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. FETİHTEN 19. YÜZYILIN SONUNA KADAR YOL-KÖPRÜ HİZMETİ VEREN DOĞU KARADENİZ ZAVİYE VE DERBENDLERİ İLE GÜNÜMÜZE ULAŞAN TEK AÇIKLIKLI KEMER KÖPRÜLER.
- Author
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BAŞKAN, Seyfi
- Subjects
ARCHITECTURAL history ,BRIDGE design & construction ,ART history ,FIFTEENTH century ,ROAD construction ,MEDIEVAL art ,MEDIEVAL architecture ,ARCHITECTURAL drawing - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. SULTANIN TOPRAKLARINDA ÇARIN ADAMLARI: RUS İSTİHBARAT FAALİYETLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE RİZE RUS VİSKONSOLOSLUĞU (1879-1914).
- Author
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TURAN, Resul
- Subjects
- *
ROAD construction , *MILITARY intelligence , *MILITARY education , *DIPLOMATIC & consular service , *CONSULS - Abstract
This study aims to investigate the Russian vice consulate that was opened in 1879 and its activities in Rize after the 1877-1878 Ottoman Russian War. This consulate has played an important role in Russia's military intelligence activities in the Ottoman geography. For this purpose, specially trained military experts who knew the culture and language of the region were sent to the region as consuls and vice consuls. The secret activities carried out by the Russian officials attracted the attention of the Ottoman authorities. During their tenure, these people made many military expeditions in Anatolia and frequently met with other Russian consuls in surrounding cities such as Trabzon, Erzurum, and Van. In addition to reporting on military issues, road and castle constructions in the region, they also examined the livelihoods, ethnic structure, and general situation of the local people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. HEYELAN STABİLİZASYONUNDA RİJİT VE GEOSENTETİK DONATILI DUVARLARIN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ VE BİR UYGULAMA.
- Author
-
KABA, Enes and TÜRKÖZ, Murat
- Subjects
- *
ROAD construction , *FINITE element method , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering , *RESIDENTIAL areas , *LANDSLIDES - Abstract
The Today, with the rapid increase of the human population, residential areas are formed on sloping slopes. Uncontrolled construction and opened roads for transportation leads to a disturbance of the stability of the land and increases the danger of landslides. The correctness and applicability of methods to prevent landslides from occurring or to correct landslides where they occur are discussed. The two biggest problems encountered in landslides are the high deformations in the slopes and the difficulties in integrating the reinforcement system used in the slope with the slope. In this context, geotechnical engineering applications have recently increased the use of geosynthetics, which is advantageous in terms of ease of application and economic reasons over most applications in recent years in order to correct landslides. In this study, the analysis of the rigid wall and geogrid reinforced wall support system for the stabilization of the landslide occurred in the village of Karaçörtlen in the Çilimli district of Düzce province was conducted with both the limit equilibrium and the finite element methods. Analysis results; slip plane, number of safety and deformation behaviors were examined comparatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ÇEMKA HÖYÜK: YUKARI DİCLE HAVZASI'NDA BULUNAN YENİ BİR PPNA VE GEÇ EPİPALEOLİTİK DÖNEM YERLEŞİM YERİ.
- Author
-
KODAŞ, Ergül and GENÇ, Bülent
- Subjects
ROAD construction ,NEOLITHIC Period ,DAM design & construction ,POTTERY - Abstract
Copyright of Anatolia / Anadolu is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. İLK VE ORTA ÇAĞ'DA YERLEŞİM YERLERİ ARASINDAKİ YOLLARIN YAPIMI VE BAKIMI: GENEL BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA.
- Author
-
Utku, Nihal Şahin
- Abstract
Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
26. Hac ve İktidar: Haremeyn'de Erken Dönem Osmanlı İmar Faaliyetleri.
- Author
-
Kurşun, Zekeriya
- Subjects
- *
MUSLIMS , *ROAD construction , *OTTOMAN Empire , *HISTORY , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
The Hedjaz region comprising the two sacred cities for the Muslims was annexed to the Ottoman territories in 1517. However, even before that date, the Ottomans paid attention to Hedjaz region. With such interest emerged in an early period, the Ottomans sent aid and presents to the people of Hedjaz in many occassions. After Sultan Selim I, this interest changed its scope and the Ottoman sultans took the responsibility of the whole Hedjaz region. In order to provide good conditions to the pilgrims to Mecca, the Sultans repaired and maintained the roads, ensured security as their primary responsibilities. The Sultans also personally interested in these processes and they invested in these regions with an attemp to perpetuate their power and prestige. This study attempts to examine the reconstruction works accomplished by the Ottomans in Hejaz in the early period (16th century) and analyze the sensibility of the Ottoman sultans shown towards the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. YÜKE MARUZ İNCE DANELİ ZEMİNLERİN DONMA-ÇÖZÜLME DAVRANIŞI.
- Author
-
ZAİMOĞLU, A. Şahin, HATTATOĞLU, Fatih, and AKBULUT, R. Kağan
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATIC zones , *CIVIL engineering , *ROAD construction , *RAILROADS , *FREEZE-thaw cycles - Abstract
In cold climate zones, the shallow foundation soils belonging to civil engineering constructions such as highways, railways, irrigation channels are subject to freezing-thawing under these loads. In this study, with the purpose of representing such soils the freeze-thaw experiment has been carried out for the situation where load is applied on the samples in addition to the traditional method where there is no load on the sample. The experiments have been conducted on samples prepared with the compaction under standard proctor energy of fine grained soils. In the experiments conducted in the traditional method the unconfined compressive strength values of samples after 1, 3, 5 and 10 cycles have been determined. Then the freeze-thaw experiments were repeated while a load representing 25 %, 35 % and 50 % of these values was on the samples. As a result of the experiments conducted with both methods, the freeze-thaw resistances of the samples have been determined. It was observed that the freeze-thaw resistance values of soils under load are less than those found by the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. BALIKESİR'DE ŞEHİRSEL TOPONİMİ: CADDE ADLARI.
- Author
-
ALİAĞAOĞLU, Alpaslan and YİĞİT, Yücel
- Subjects
- *
TOPONYMY , *URBANIZATION , *STREET names , *ROAD construction , *IDEOLOGY , *BROTHERHOODS - Abstract
Streets, roads and avenues are not devoid of identity. They are memory space where past experiences and ideological attitudes are stored. These experiences and attitudes can be read by naming which is a symbolic meaningmaking process. In this study, defined as urban toponymy, streets names are discussed in Balıkesir city. Holistic perspective on the subject is brought together by using two approaches common in naming literature. City plan, the City Council decisions, the neighborhood headmen are the main data source. As a result, the city of Balikesir, has a large number of Republican street. These streets refer to state's ideological attitude to the process of becoming nation-state. Basically, there are avenues emerging non-political reasons. While city has many martyrs' streets in the city, which are expressions of social grief, there exists only one friendship-brotherhood Street. From this point of view, the city has forgotten traces of the Balkan migrations. The presence of digital streets names in some areas of city shows that urban texture has not become stable. Many placesdirectional streets have emerged as a result of the interplay of large number of causes, like nature of city and land usage. There are numerous personal name used as street names in the city. However, these individuals are not representative of any political thought. Therefore, local politics in this sense cannot be said to be effective on street names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
29. ZONGULDAK LİMANI'NDA RO-RO TAŞIMACILIĞI.
- Author
-
ÖZDEMİR, Ünal and DENİZ, Taşkın
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHICAL research , *COASTS , *COAL transportation , *ROAD construction , *RAILROAD design & construction - Abstract
Ro-Ro transportation, when we consider our country's geographical position and coastal specialities; it appears as a system of transportation that narrows the transportation activities in the point of time and distance. Zonguldak Port which was founded in 1806, has been activating under the heading of the Turkish Stone Coal Institution. The so-called Port from foundation until the begining of 2000 has been known as the coal transportationhas gained an identity of a favourite Ro-Ro transportation as a result of fast structural changes in the last years. Having a better location camparing with the other Black Sea Ports, Zonguldak, enlarged its hinterland thanks to the connections of railways and highways. Ro-Ro voyages; from the Zonguldak Port has been arranged to Odessy, Skadovsk, Evpatoria and Ilyechevsky ports of Ukraine and Novorosky, Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
30. TANZİMAT'TAN II. MEŞRUTİYET'E HÜDÂVENDİGÂR VİLAYETİNDE KARAYOLU YAPIM ÇALIŞMALARI.
- Author
-
ÇETİN, Emrah
- Subjects
ROAD construction ,CONSTITUTIONALISM ,REHABILITATION ,TANZIMAT, 1839-1876 - Abstract
Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
31. YOL AGREGALARINDA NANOTEKNOLOJİ KULLANIMI.
- Author
-
Saltan, Mehmet, Terzi, Serdal, Sargın, Şebnem, Morova, Nihat, and SERİN, Sercan
- Subjects
- *
SURFACE coatings , *ROAD construction , *ASPHALT , *MINERAL aggregates , *BITUMEN - Abstract
Surface coating continues to be used for construction of divided roads still applied in our country. However, The General Directorate of Highways (KGM) have also started to transform the surface coating of divided roads to hot mix asphalt (HMA). This will increase the academic researches and the HMA manufactures. HMA produced with aggregate and bitumen. Generally, limestone was used as aggregate and basalt has been used in recent years. Bitumen in various penetration and viscosity obtained from TUPRAS and other refineries was used. Only the aggregate type and bitumen characteristics were considered in work to increase the strength of HMA. Using nanotechnology in the field of pavement materials has been described in this study. Also plasma coating technics have been mentioned. As a result the use of nanotechnology in the field of pavement materials as well as other sites has been exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
32. Çimento Stabilizasyonlu Zeminin Esnek Üstyapı Maliyetine Etkisi.
- Author
-
KÖK, Baha Vural, YILMAZ, Mehmet, and GEÇKİL, Alaaddin
- Subjects
- *
PAVEMENTS , *ADHESIVE cements , *COMMUNICATIONS industries , *ROAD construction , *BEARING pads (Concrete construction) , *STRUCTURAL stability - Abstract
The road authorities aim roads that are resistant, with less maintenance, with high traffic security, with long life and economic. It is difficult to have an economic pavement construction on the subgrade with weak bearing capacity. In this study the effect of the cement stabilization on the weak subgrade and pavement costs has been studied. For this purpose the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a weak subgrade that has been stabilized with 4% - 16% cement have been determined. The effect of the increase in the CBR on the pavement costs has been determined thanks to MATLAB program by considering thousands of alternatives. Consequently, the optimum cement content between the decrease on the pavement costs with increase on subgrade' CBR value and the additional costs spent to increase the CBR value has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
33. 30 OCAK 2010 TEPECİK KÖYÜ (ADIYAMAN) HEYELANI.
- Author
-
KESİCİ, Ökkeş and SÖNM, Mehmet Emin
- Subjects
- *
LANDSLIDES , *NATURAL disasters , *PROPERTY damage , *DAM design & construction , *METROPOLITAN areas , *LANDSLIDE hazard analysis , *ROAD construction - Abstract
Landslides are of the natural disasters occurring widely in our country and often cause significant loss of life and property. Landslides must be especially taken into consideration in the infrastructure and engineering works that require significant amounts of capital. Otherwise, serious damages may occur in the works requiring high costs such as dams, roads, tunnels and urban areas in the high-risk landslide areas and by this way, re-construction/ repair costs and loss of life may increase. To decrease the damage of the landslides may be possible with taking previous preventive measures by determinating landslide risk areas. In this study, taking into account the activity of factors increasing the sensibility of the landslides, Tepecik Village landslide has been reviewed with all aspects in detail and the landslide risk of area and failures in planning area have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
34. Beton Yollar ve Beton Yol Yapımının Araştırılması.
- Author
-
Kozak, Mehmet
- Subjects
- *
CONCRETE roads , *TRAFFIC speed , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *PETROLEUM as fuel , *ENERGY conservation , *ENERGY consumption , *ROAD construction ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
This study aims at researching of concrete road and its building. It's an unarguable fact that transportation easiness is a big factor in terms of development of a state. Compared with developed countries, transportation net is insufficient and traffic intensity at our roads is increasing and road coverings falls to a big duty due to traffic intensity which is increasing. In this study, some information is given about the features of concrete roads, their advantages and their construction and it's concluded that by comparison with other toad types concrute road can give beter results in most aspects. Thanks to literateur studies, it is known that being used at our state's roads concrete roads technology which are used for 100 years in America, for 75 years in Europe will make a major contribution to the state economy. It is determined that concrete roads have many advantages such as, the vehicles stop at shorter distances, they can be made in every seasons at every condition, they can provide an increase at traffic speed, they stand up to factors such as weather conditions and fuel-oil spillovers. They are environmentally friendly, the home made materials are used, concrete roads suffer less from seasonal damages, they can be provide fuel saving, they are long-lasting, they make the night sight easy. It is thought that the importance, given in other developed states to concrete roads, should ve given to our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
35. Türkiye Otoyol Ağı için üstyapı performans tahmin modellerinin geliştirilmesi.
- Author
-
HergÜner, Ahmet Taner and AĞar, Emine
- Subjects
- *
PERFORMANCE of pavements , *TRANSPORTATION , *FUZZY logic , *REGRESSION analysis , *COMPUTER software , *PUBLIC sector , *PRIVATE sector , *ROAD construction - Abstract
21. Century World of transportation services without adequate and contemporary social and economic life is not possible to keep alive and dynamic. The main aim of transportation, the country development goals of economic and social needs of the service, the user, to secure the economic condition, age and by using technology, international rules and in compliance with EU policies, to provide uninterrupted. Science and technology progress, the economy needs people to change their habits and cultural accumulation, and possibly all of them at the top of the political preferences, and improve access framework is referring to. In general, an investment in transport and the operation to be financed by the state tradition have continued until recently. However, the worldwide increase in the need for transportation investments and public sector of its limited resources, the state as the primary task of the public service has forced the change. In this context, private sector investment in transport infrastructure by the interest of public resources without the need or less fixed by public contributions and the roads are intended to be searched. However, the private sector by the implementation of transport investment opportunities, to provide an important opening, the demand and the private sector increasingly replicated because of limitations in resources, public also needs to contribute is inevitable. Today, construction of new highway each day to reduce motor vehicle traffic in the continuous increase in resources and right in the face of difficulties, the new highway as much of the existing highway superstructure, the future intensive and heavy traffic can provide answers to the maintenance, repair and renewal work as more important. Turkey's Motorway Network maintenance and repair is too high to reach for the requirements of the budget because of limited resources available in our country of resources in a more efficient use, to the motorway network, roads, Pavement Management System implementation has become mandatory to have. Pavement Management System (PMS), limited to an existing budget, to provide the highest gain optimum maintenance / improvement programs to create a priority objective and systematic approach to move. This system, road managers, limited budget available for road improvement in terms of better use to help you decide to minimize the initiative depends on the person. The basic purpose of a pavement management system is to achieve the best value possible for the available public funds and to provide safe, comfortable and economic transportation. Pavement Management System (PMS), are applicable on two levels, namely the network level and the individual (project) level. At the network level, decisions are made on a large group of projects or an entire motorway network regarding what to do (repair, rehabilitation or other measures) and when and where. The individual or project level, on the other hand, is concerned with more specific technical management decisions for the individual projects. Roughness of a motorway is an important parameter which not only indicates the comfort level of ride over a pavement surface, but it is also related to vehicle's vibration, operating speed wear and tear of the wheel, vehicle operating cost. Some of the roughness indices, which are used to quantify the road roughness, are: International Roughness Index (IRI), Mean Panel Rating (MPR), Profile Index (PI), Ride Number (RN), Root Mean Square Vertical Acceleration (RMSVA.)In this study, General Directorate of Turkish Highways as a result of measurement data (IRI and RN) collected with the use of motorways in the pavement when the corruption occursin the future, to create models (fuzzy logic, regression analyze) to help in the matter of identifying the country in accordance with our conditions, a Pavement Management System (PMS)'s goal is to be established. In this paper, to develop a system for planning of pavement maintenance works on the motorway network in Turkey, on which roughness tests were made by KGM (General Directorate of Turkish Highways) considered. By using the present parameters for the conditions in Turkey (traffic, climate, material features, total thickness of distressed motorways, pavement temperatures etc.) and the measured roughness values (IRI, RN),pavement performance estimation modelling and related to this, a method about establishing a pavement rehabilitation program for the future, is given. In this study, to create models, used two computer programs which above written in MATLAB2008R Fuzzy Logic toolbox and SPSS16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
36. ULAŞIM COĞRAFYASI AÇISINDAN OVİT GEÇİDİ.
- Subjects
MOUNTAIN passes ,TRANSPORTATION geography ,ROAD construction ,GEOGRAPHICAL positions ,ROAD maps - Published
- 2010
37. Excel Vba İle Ankrajlı Ve Ankrajsız İksa Yapısı Tasarımı.
- Author
-
Alkaya, Devrim and Yeşİl, Burak
- Subjects
- *
EXCAVATION , *EARTHWORK , *PILES & pile driving , *ROAD construction , *CONSTRUCTION projects - Abstract
It is required to build excavation supporting systems in excavation areas to prevent probable damage in roads and other existing structures around the excavation and to enable vertical excavation along the construction of structures requiring deep excavations. In this study, supporting systems of deep excavations are investigated and fore piles and an anchoraged support system. An Excel program is organized to solve retaining systems, and anchored, without anchored and multi-row anchored retaining systems are solved with program .After solution, costs are compared, and it is observed that multi-row anchored retaining systems in deep excavations are more affordable . It is aimed to solve retaining systems which are used in deep excavations, both in safety limits and the lowest costs, a computer program is made up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
38. İnce Agrega Türünün Kaplama Betonunun Aşınma Direncine Etkisi.
- Author
-
Karpuz, Orhan and Akpinar, Muhammet Vefa
- Subjects
- *
PAVEMENT design & construction , *ROAD construction , *MINERAL aggregates , *STRENGTH of materials , *CONCRETE construction , *ABRASION resistance , *DYNAMIC testing of materials , *LABORATORY techniques , *LIMESTONE , *BASALT - Abstract
In this study, abrasion resistance of concrete used for road construction was investigated with respect to the wear resistance of fine agregate. Concrete studied is produced with fine crushed limestone aggregate, fine crushed limestone and basalt commixture and fine crushed basalt aggregate. Abrasion resistance of concrete was measured using Böhme abrasion machine. The data obtained from laboratory study showed that using wear resistant fine aggregate in concrete significantly increases abrasion resistance of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
39. İstanbul'da yapılaşma yoğunluğu - yağanabilir alan iliğkisi.
- Author
-
Bölen, Fulin, Türkoğlu, Handan Dülger, and Yirmibešoğlu, Funda
- Subjects
- *
LAND use , *URBAN planning , *URBANIZATION , *URBAN growth , *ROAD construction , *AGRICULTURE , *URBAN land use , *REAL estate development , *ECONOMIC development , *EDUCATION - Abstract
Implications of the gap between the supply and demand of urban land in the Metropolitan areas of economically developing countries are reflected in the high costs of residential land and high land-use intensities. Social and technical infrastructure put a heavy burden on the municipalities with limited resources and restrict the supply of urban land and affect its value. This article examines the case of Istanbul Metropolitan city, with its limited economic resources and high population growth rates. The analysis is concerned about the "sustainable development" of Istanbul and addresses the spatial concepts like compactness, density and quality of life. While it is widely accepted that there is no strong correlation between density and quality of life, "density" is still a basic tool used in planning to achieve a certain type of settlement. The number of people, dwelling units, amount of open space, green space, recreation etc. will change according to density decisions. The study aims to document the land-use intensity values and the ratios of Open Space, and Livable Space and to analyze the differentiation of these ratios in different residential environments with different house types in Istanbul. The land-use intensity measures that are normally used in urban planning in Turkey are basically: the Floor Area Ratio and the Building Coverage Ratio. These two ratios help to control the maximum amount of construction on a site and the maximum amount of land to be covered by construction. They are related to land values and density decisions. But they do not help to control the amount of open space especially the open space used by pedestrians in residential areas. Also, measures like the amount of car parks and recreational areas that are related to the quality of the physical areas are not considered. The methodology used in the survey comprises the data collection and analysis of the parameters affecting land use intensity and ratios of open space, of parking areas, of recreation space and of livable space. Data has been collected in 150 randomly selected streets representing different residential areas of Istanbul. Land-use intensity parameters like the Floor Area Ratio, Building Coverage Ratio, Open Space Index, Recreation Area Ratio, Parking Area Ratio and Livable Space Index, were calculated for each of the 150 points within an area of 100 m. radius around them and the results were compared with land values and optimum standards given for different house types. The results show that the randomly selected points (residential buildings) on 150 streets represented all types of residential areas in Istanbul. The results related to the Floor Area Ratio that is used in urban planning to control land use intensity in Turkey show that in the large majority of residential areas the ratio is between 1.00 and 3.00. The results related to the Building Coverage Ratio show that in more than three thirds of the residential areas the ratios are over 0.25. These findings indicate that Istanbul is a compact city and that the buildings are constructed very densely. The results related to the Open Space Index show that more than one-third of residential areas have lower ratios (less open space compared to the total construction) than the expected minimum ratios.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
40. Arazi ve arsa düzenlemesi yöntemi ve uluslar arası çerçevede etkin uygulanabilirliği.
- Author
-
Türk, Ševkiye Šence
- Subjects
- *
URBANIZATION , *URBAN growth , *ROAD construction , *AGRICULTURE , *LANDSCAPE assessment , *AGRICULTURAL development , *URBAN land use , *REAL estate development , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The land readjustment (LR) is a method which is used for both the development of new areas and the reorganisation of the built-up areas in urban regions. The application of this method provides the conversion of agricultural or semi-urban land into urban land. LR can be thought as an important planning tool during the rural- suburban transition. Further, the urban plots may also be readjusted, if necessary. The models of land readjustment vary according to countries. While in some countries private initiative (landowner associations or cooperatives) is more efficient in the application of LR models, the public initiative (municipality, governorship, etc.) may be more efficient in other countries. However, in whatever country the method is applied, after a common share is allocated for public usage such as roads, parks, car parks, from the total of all plots that fall into LR area, the remaining areas are distributed to the landowners in proportion to either the area size or value criteria. LR not only capture the costs of providing infrastructure and services to the areas, but it also potentially recaptures additional value created for any the other public purposes. For example, a good standard subdivision layout, the production of plots with service in regular forms and sizes, the supply of service areas like roads, parks, etc. which are required for public use, and the achievement of price stability as a result of meeting the demand. The LR is one of methods and procedures for urban development focuses on the modification of existing land parcels in terms of shape, location, size other conditions together with the proper allocation and improvement of urban infrastructure. The LR method is applied efficiently and successfully in developed countries like Japan, Germany and France and in developing countries of the Far East. In some countries that have a long background and accumulation of LR (Turkey, India, etc.), the achievements from the use of the LR method are far behind the expectations. The aim of this article is to define and examine provisions in the efficient applicability of land readjustment method within the frame of international literature. The findings of this study provide knowledge as to which aspects of the models in the countries failing to apply the LR method efficiently can be improved. The efficient applicability of the land readjustment method can be examined under some headlines: • One of the conditions for the efficient application of the LR method is "cost recovery".… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
41. Bukranions And Probable Existence Od Hittite Found In Bulancak-Ahmetli Village And Reported By Giresun Community Center In 1937
- Author
-
Mevlüt Kaya
- Subjects
Cultural influence ,Tarih ,History ,Sculpture ,Folklore ,Road construction ,Context (language use) ,Microbiology ,Archaeology ,Geography ,Statue ,Black sea ,Giresun,Hittites,Bukranions,Community Centers ,Giresun,Hititler,Boğa başları,Halkevleri - Abstract
1932’de kurulan Halkevleri tarih, kültür, folklor ve arkeoloji araştırmalarında önemli faaliyetler yürütmüştür. Halkevlerinin Giresun şubesi de bu alanlarda çeşitli faaliyetler göstermiştir. 1937’de bir yol yapımı sırasında Giresun’un Bulancak ilçesine bağlı Ahmetli köyünde, eski çağlara ait bazı heykeller bulunmuştur. Heykellerin yanı sıra aynı dönemin ürünü olduğu anlaşılan bazı eşya kalıntılarına rastlanmıştır. Heykeller kısmen zarar görmüş, eşya kalıntılarıyla birlikte parçalanmıştır. Parçalanan tarihi eserlerin bir kısmı yol inşaatına karışarak üzeri kapanmıştır. Bilinçsiz ve duyarsız bir biçimde yapılan yol çalışmaları neticesinde ortaya çıkan heykel ve eşya kalıntıları, ildeki bazı memurlar ve kaymakam eşliğinde incelenmiştir. Halkevleri Giresun şubesi yetkilileri ise bulunan tarihi eserlere dair bir rapor hazırlamıştır. Söz konusu dönemlerde Giresun’da henüz müze bulunmadığından, bir müddet Giresun’da bir ilkokulun deposunda tutulan heykel ya da heykellerin Trabzon Müzesi’ne nakledildiği, yakın dönemlerdeki bazı resmi yazışmalardan anlaşılmaktadır. Giresun merkezine 27, Bulancak’a 12 kilometre uzaklıkta olan Ahmetli köyü, buluntulardan anlaşıldığı üzere, Hititlerin kültürel etki çemberinde yaşamış bir topluluğa ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Giresun ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi tarihine kaynaklık eden bu tarihi eserlerin bulunduğu yer ve içerdiği sembollerin önemine binaen; Giresun yöresi ve Hititler ilişkisi bağlamında bu çalışma yapılmıştır., TheCommunity Centers founded in 1932, were conducted important activities abouthistory, culture, folklore and archeology researches. Giresun desk of CommunityCenters was active about these areas, too. Some sculptures were found belongingto the old ages in the village of Ahmetli related to Bulancak county inGiresun, during a road building. Some residuals of objects which come outbelonging to the same period found along with the sculptures. They werepartially wrecked and splintered with the residuals of objects. Some ofsplintered historical artifacts are covered by messing the road construction.The sculptures and residuals of objects are examined by some officers and thedistrict governor in the city which emerged as a result of the road buildings committedinvoluntarily and callously. The officials of the desk of Giresun CommunityCenters prepared a report about the founded historical artifacts. During theseperiods there wasn’t a museum in Giresun yet. So for a while the statue or thestatues which were hold in primary school’s storage in Giresun, weretransferred to Trabzon Museum and this can be understood from thecorrespondence in recent periods. This study was conducted in the context ofthe relationship between Giresun region and the Hittites owing to theimportance of the symbols they contain and the location of these historicalmonuments which were the source of Giresun and the Black Sea. The AhmetliVillage where is 27. Km. far away from the city center and 12 km. far away fromBulancak was home to this community who lived in the circle of culturalinfluence of the Hittites.
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- 2019
42. İdare Hukuku açısından karayolları yapımı ve işletilmesinde idari denetim yetkisi
- Author
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Karaali, İrem, Kutlu Gürsel, Meltem, and Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Hukuk ,Control ,Highways ,Highway planning ,Land transportation ,Law ,Road construction ,Administrative Law ,Administrative supervisions ,Construction - Abstract
Karayolları, gerek ulaşım gerek taşımacılık faaliyetlerinde toplumsal yaşamın en önemli ihtiyaçlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte özellikle köprü, otoyol gibi yüksek maliyetli olan yolların yapımı için devlet kaynakları yetersiz hale gelmeye başlamış, sonrasında bu hizmetlerin görülmesi için özel hukuk kişilerine yetki verilmiştir. Karayollarının yapımı ve işletilmesi hizmetlerinin özel hukuk kişilerine devredilmesi, hizmetin yapımı ve işletilmesinde sorumluluğun kimde olduğu, denetim ve yaptırım uygulama yetkisinin kimde olacağı gibi soruları doğurmuştur.Çalışmamızda ilk olarak karayolları üzerinde yapım ve işletme faaliyetleri ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise bu faaliyetler üzerindeki idari denetimin, hizmetin idare veya özel hukuku kişisi tarafından yapılmasına ve işletilmesine göre ayırarak idare hukuku ve kamu hizmeti bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Highways have become one of the most important necessities of social life in both transportation and carriage activities. With the development of technology, the resources of the state have become inadequate for the construction of high-cost roads such as bridges and highways. Following this inadequacy, private entities have been authorized to fulfill these services. Giving the authorization of the constructing and operating services of highways has raised questions about the responsibilities of the private entities and authority to implement audits and sanctions. In this thesis, the first section explains the construction and operation activities of highways. In the second section, which constitutes the basis of our study, administrative supervision of these activities is evaluated within the context of administrative law and public service by separating the service operation being fulfilled by the administration or private law person. 94
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- 2019
43. Karayolu inşaatında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risk değerlendirmesi: Türkiye için risk abağı önerisi
- Author
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Sabuncu, Ömer, İyinam, Adem Faik, and İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Work safety ,Transportation ,İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Ulaşım ,Civil Engineering ,Road construction - Abstract
Türkiye'de son dönemde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini geliştirmek için birçok çalışma yapılmış ve yapılmaya devam edilmektedir. Avrupa Birliği direktifleri doğrultusunda kapsamlı bir iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatı hazırlanmıştır. Buna rağmen ciddi sonuçlar doğuran iş kazaları beklenen seviyenin çok üzerindedir. Her altı saatte bir çalışanın iş kazalarına bağlı olarak hayatını kaybetmektedir. Kuvvetli bir iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatına rağmen eğitim ve denetimin eksik olması, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kültürü oluşturulamaması, iş güvenliğine sektörel yaklaşımın eksikliği istenen verimin alınması önünde engel olmaktadır. Bu durum ekonomik olarak ciddi kayıplara yol açarken yaşanan insan hayatı kayıpları da toplumsal huzursuzluk yaratmaktadır.Türk ekonomisinin en önemli sektörlerinden biri olan inşaat faaliyetleri ciddi iş kazalarının en sık görüldüğü sektör olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son dönemde sektörde konut imalatında yaşanan hacim artışı iş kazalarının da sıklıkla bu alanda görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Bunun gölgesinde kalmasına rağmen toplumun gelişmişliğini gösteren ulaştırma projeleri de her dönemde ülkenin stratejik projeleri olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Özellikle karayolu projeleri ülkenin vazgeçilmezi olmasının yanı sıra ulaştırma projelerinde yaşanan ölümlü iş kazalarında başı çekmesi sebebi ile de ayrıca incelenmesi gereken bir alan olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yapılan araştırmanın önemi ve amacı açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği genel tanımları yapılmış, genel ve Türkiye'de tarihsel gelişimi ve risk değerlendirme yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde karayollarının tanımı, tarihsel gelişimi, karayolu inşaatı ölümlü iş kazası oranları, karayolu inşaatı yapım aşamaları ile beraber karayolu inşaatında karşılaşılan tehlike ve risklerin genel hatları ortaya konmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde ise Türkiye'den ve dünyadan karayolu inşaatı için özel hazırlanan risk değerlendirmeleri örnekleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın beşinci bölümde, karayolu inşaatı için iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yönünden risklerin değerlendirilip, örnek bir çalışma olarak risk abağı ve hazırlanması açıklanmıştır.Çalışmanın sonuç bölümü olan altıncı bölümde, karayolu inşaatının diğer inşaat faaliyetlerinden farklı yönlerine değinilmiş, karayolu inşaatında görülen iş sağlığı ve güvenliği tehlike ve risklerinin değerlendirmesi için kullanılan yöntemler analiz edilmiş, başarı oranları mukayese edilmiştir. Tüm çalışmanın sonucu olarak karayolu inşaatında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yönünden risklerin değerlendirilmesinde kaynak oluşturacak özgün bir risk abağı ortaya konmuştur. In recent years occupational health and safety become a popular issue in Turkey. Fatal occupational accidents and high casualties drew public's attention to this aspect. Not only social reaction but also directives of European Union led to solve this problem, so there have been lots of work for improving the occupational health and safety and some continue to be made. A comprehensive occupational health and safety legislation has been prepared. In spite of this, occupational accidents which cause serious consequences are well above the expected level. Statistics show that 4 employees loses their life in a day due to occupational accidents. It is clear that a strong occupational health and safety legislation is not enough to reduce the number of fatal accidents. For the desired efficiency all segments of society should be included to proces. Insufficient occupational health and safety education of the society, insufficient official supervision and lack of sectoral approach to occupational safety prevent to solve the problem. This situation still leads to serious economic losses and the loss of human life creates social unrest.Turkey's construction sector is one of the locomotive sectors both national and international. For some years it seems that residential construction in the sector increases its volume. Despite the shadow of this, transportation projects, which is a criteria for the development of society, have continued to exist as strategic projects of the country in every period. In accordance to volume of the residential construction work, most of the fatal occupational accidents are seen in this field fo the construction sector. Therefore, occupational safety studies are generally carried out in this line. Studies about the occupational safety in road construction is not often found. However when the losses due to occupational accidents in road construction compared with countries like U.S. where occupational safety is applied correctly, it shows that more studies should be done to eleminate deficiency. Because in every period, transportation projects and especially road constructions will continue with governmental support.This study aims to support the establishment of occupational safety in road construction so prevent the losses due to accidents. In this context, a risk abac has been prepared for occupational safety professionals, contractors, engineers, managers and the others who is working in road construction. The study consist of six parts and an appendix which is containing the risk abac.In the first part of this study, the importance and purpose of the research is explained. With the second part, general definitions of occupational health and safety are made and information about historical development both the general and Turkey is given. Then, more commonly used risk assessment methods are introduced.In the third part of the study, the definition of the roads, their historical development and current situation are explained. Fatal occupational accidents in road construction have been examined in the construction sector and compared with the U.S. After that, the stages of road construction are mentioned and the hazards and risks in these stages are listed in detail.Examples of occupational health and safety risk assessment works of road construction are presented both from Turkey and other countries in the fourth part of the study.The fifth part of the study includes the path followed in the preparation, selection of method and obtaining the data of risk abac. It is described in this part, how to assess and evaluate the listed hazards and risks. This section also describes how to determine the measures to be taken against the hazards and risks. After all these, the parts of the risk abac are explained.With the last part of the study, touched on different aspects of road construction from other construction activities. The methods which used for the assessment of occupational safety hazards and risks in road construction were analyzed and the success rates were compared. As a result of the whole study, a unique risk abac has been put forward as a resource for the assessment of occupational health and safety risks in road construction. This abac can helpful for occupational safety professionals, contractors, engineers, managers and the others who is also working in this field, to reduce occupational accidents in road construction. With starting form this study, other detailed studies in occupational health and safety for road construction must be done. Also, academic studies can be carried out on the costs of occupational accidents in road construction by evaluating the data of the losses resulting from occupational accidents during the preparation of the study. 209
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- 2019
44. Alaşehir (Manisa) bölgesi traverten atıklarının yol temel ve alttemel tabakalarında kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması
- Author
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Süer, Murat, Yakar, Ferit, and İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Civil Engineering ,Road construction - Abstract
Doğal taşlar arasında yer alan traverten, inşaat sektöründe kaplama ve döşeme malzemesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Travertenin, yapıda kullanılabilmesi için doğadan çıkarılması ve işlenmesi gerekmektedir. Taş ocaklarında çıkarılan travertenin kullanıma uygun hale getirilme aşamasına kadar %50 ila %75'lik bir kısmı atık malzeme olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.Bu tez çalışmasında Alaşehir (Manisa) bölgesi traverten atıklarının fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri tespit edilerek, yol üstyapısında alttemel ve temel malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Maliyet ve çevresel zararlı etkilerin de azaltılması kapsamında, kırmataş malzemeye görekıyaslama yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında traverten atıklarına,KTŞ (Karayolları Teknik Şartnamesi) 2013'de yer alan alttemel ve temel malzeme özelliklerine ait deneyler uygulanmıştır. Bu deneyler; elek analizi,MgSO4 ile yapılan hava tesirlerine karşı dayanıklılık deneyi,Los Angeles aşınma deneyi, yassılık indeksi deneyi, kaba ve ince agregada su emme deneyi, likit limit ve plastik limit deneyi,NaOH ile yapılan organik madde deneyi, metilen mavisi deneyi, kil topağı ve dağılabilen tane oranı deneyi, proktor ve CBR deneyleridir.Ayrıca traverten atığı malzemenin birim kilometre nakliye bedeli de hesaplanarak maliyet açısından kırmataş malzemeye göre etkin kullanılabilir mesafesi hesaplanmıştır. Traverten atıklarının doğaya verdikleri zarar da ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçta; traverten atıklarının,KTŞ 2013standartlarını sağlayarak, alttemel ve temel malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca atıklar için bir bedel ödenmediği takdirde belli mesafeye kadar maliyet etkin olduğu ve atıkların yol üstyapısında kullanılmasının taş ocaklarının çevreye vermiş olduğu zararlı etkiyi bir nebze azaltacağı ve böylelikle ülke ekonomisine ve doğal dengeye ilave bir katkı sağlayacağı kanaatine varılmıştır. Travertine, which is among the natural stones, is used as coating and flooring material in the construction sector. Travertine must be extracted and processed from nature in order to be used in the structure. From 50% to 75% of the travertine extracted in the quarries is used as waste material. In this thesis, physical and mechanical properties of travertine wastes in Alaşehir (Manisa) region were determined and their usability as sub-base and base material was investigated. In order to reduce cost and environmental harmful effects, a comparison was made according to crushed stone material. Within the scope of the research, experiments related to the sub-basic and basic material properties in the TSH (Technical Specifications of Highways) 2013 were applied to the travertine wastes. These experiments; sieve analysis, weather resistance test with MgSO4, Los Angeles abrasion test, flatness index test, water absorption test in coarse and fine aggregate, liquid limit and plastic limit test, organic material test with NaOH, methylene blue test, clay pellet and dispersible grain ratio test, proctor and CBR experiments. In addition, the unit kilometer transportation cost of travertine waste material was calculated and the effective usable distance was calculated in terms of cost compared to crushed stone material. The damage of travertine wastes to the nature has also been revealed. After all; it is seen that travertine wastes can be used as sub-base and base material by meeting TSH 2013 standards. In addition, it is considered that unless a price is paid for the wastes, it is cost effective up to a certain distance and that the use of wastes in the road superstructure will reduce the harmful effects of the quarries to the environment to some extent and thus contribute to the national economy and natural balance. 107
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- 2019
45. Health perception, health risks and healthy lifestyle behaviours of road construction workers
- Author
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Durmuş, Zeynep, Kadıoğlu, Hasibe, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, and Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Occupational health ,Health surveys ,Yol yapım işçileri ,Nursing ,Halk sağlığı hemşireliği ,Health attitudes ,Road construction ,Road construction workers ,Halk Sağlığı ,Risk factors ,Public health nursing ,Perception ,Public Health ,Hemşirelik ,Healthy life ,Workers - Abstract
Yol Yapım inşaatı işçilerinde sağlık algısı, sağlık riskleri ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı yol inşaatında çalışan işçilerin sağlık algısı, sağlık riskleri ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma Mart 2019 tarihinde İstanbul'da özel bir şantiyede çalışan 412 işçi ile yapılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen sosyodemografik anket formu, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II ve Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 21,0 paket programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler, T-testi, Mann Whitney U testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi ile değerlendirildi. Yanılma düzeyi 0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların tümü erkek işçilerdir. Katılımcıların %51,2'si sigara, %10,2'si alkol kullanmaktadır. İşçilerin %16,5'i daha önce bir iş kazası geçirdiğini bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların %47'sinin beden kitle indeksi 25'in üzerindedir ve %79,6'sı düzenli egzersiz yapmamaktadır. SYBD II ortalama puanı 208 üzerinden 127,04 ± 24,5 olarak bulunmuştur. İşçiler en yüksek puanı manevi gelişim (2,7 ± ,6) alt boyutundan almışlardır. En düşük puanı ise fiziksel aktivite (2,1 ± ,6) alt boyutundan almışlardır. Eğitim seviyesi ve medeni durum ile SYBD II puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Gelirini düşük olarak ifade eden işçilerin SYBD II ortalama puanı, gelirini yüksek olarak ifade eden işçilerin SYBD II ortalama puanından daha düşüktür (p< ,01). Katılımcıları %64,8'i sağlıklarını önemsediklerini ve %41,4'ü sağlıklı olmanın şans işi olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Sonuçlar: İşçiler riskli sağlık davranışları sergilemektedir. Gelir düzeyi sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını etkilemektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: İşçi Sağlığı, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi, Sağlık Alışkanlıkları Health perception, health risks and healthy lifestyle behaviours of road construction workers Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the health perception, health risks and healthy lifestyle behaviours of road construction workers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in March, 2019 with 412 road construction workers in Istanbul/Turkey. Data were collected by using a Questionnaire, Health Perception Scale and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). T-test, Mann Whitney U and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Statistically, significance is set at p < .05. Results: All of the participants were male workers. 51,2 % of participants were smoker, 10.2% were alcohol user.16,5% of participants reported having had a work accident before. 47% of participants had body mass index over 25 and 79,6% did not exercise regularly. HPLP II mean score 127,04 ± 24,5 out of 208 was found. The highest mean score of the workers was spiritual growth (2,7 ± ,6) on the other hand the lowest mean score was physical activity (2,1 ± ,6). There was no statistically difference between total HPLP II scores and education level and marital status. The HPLP II mean score of workers whose have low income were lower than the workers whose have high income (p< ,01). 64,8% of the participants stated that they care about their health, 41,4% said that they believed that being healthy was a chance. Conclusion and Recommendations: These results show that road construction workers have unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. Income status influences healthy lifestyle behaviours.Keywords: Occupational health, healthy lifestyle, health behaviours 68
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- 2019
46. Effects of Curve Elements on Highway Construction Cost: A Case Study of Erzurum
- Author
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Kadir Diler Alemdar, Muhammed Yasin Çodur, and Muhammet Dalaslan
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,General Computer Science ,Horizontal and vertical ,Road construction ,Economic framework ,General Chemical Engineering ,Population ,General Engineering ,Mühendislik ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,World population ,Transportation theory ,Transport engineering ,Engineering ,Carry (investment) ,Section (archaeology) ,Business ,Karayolu yapım maliyeti,Kurp elemanları,Erzurum ,education - Abstract
Dünyaüzerindeki hareketlilik nüfusa bağlı olarak her geçen gün artmaktadır. Nüfusunartmasıyla çeşitli sorunlarda meydana gelmektedir. Bunların en önemlilerindenbir tanesi ulaşım sorunudur. Yerel yönetimler ve Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü(KGM) bu sorunu çözmek için sürekli yol yapım ve bakım işleriniyürütmektedirler. Bu işleri en ekonomik çerçevede yürütmek bu kurumlarınsorumluluğundadır. Bu yüzden karayolu yapım aşamaları geometrik standartlarsağlandıktan sonra ekonomiklik şartını da yerine getirmek zorundadır. Buçalışmada ekonomiklik konusunda, karayolunun yatay ve düşey elemanlarından olankurpların maliyet üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Erzurum ili örneğinde bir karayolu kesimidikkate alınmış ve bu kesimde farklı yatay ve düşey kurp kombinasyonlarıoluşturarak maliyet ile olan ilişkileri gözden geçirilip uygun seçenekbelirlenmiştir., The mobility in theworld is increasing day by day depending on the world population. With theincrease of the population brings with various problems. One of the mostimportant of these is the transportation problem. The local authorities and theGeneral Directorate of Highways (GDH) conduct continuous road construction andmaintenance to solve this problem. It is the responsibility of theseinstitutions to carry out these works in the most economic framework.Therefore, after the providing of the geometric standards, the highwayconstruction stages must fulfill the requirement of economy. In this study, theeffects of curves, which are horizontal and vertical elements of highway oncost, were examined. In the case of Erzurum province, a road section was takeninto consideration and different horizontal and vertical curve combinationswere formed and the relations with cost were reviewed and the appropriateoption was determined.
- Published
- 2018
47. Construction and maintenance of roads between towns in the ancient and middle ages: a general comparison
- Author
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Şahin Utku, Nihal and Bölüm Yok
- Subjects
Orta Çağ ,Roma Yolları ,Toprak Yollar ,Road ,İlk Çağ ,Roman Roads ,Yol Yapımı ,Yol ,Road Construction ,Dirt Roads ,Antiquity ,Middle Age - Abstract
ORCID: 0000-0002-8491-674X Tarih boyunca yerleşim yerleri arasında ulaşım, taşıma ve haberleşme imkânı sağlayan yolların yapımı ve bakımı, yerleşim bölgeleri içindekilere nispetle daha farklı bir organizasyon ve çaba gerektirmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu çaba ve teşkilatlanmanın farklı dönem ve coğrafyalardaki tezahürlerini genel anlamda derlemeyi ve bu konuda ortak dinamiklerin olup olmadığını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. İlgili dönem boyunca farklı şekillerde oluşmuş veya inşa edilmiş yol ve güzergâhlar değerlendirilmiş ve bunların farklı amaçlarla seyahat edenlerin kullanımına nasıl sunulduğu ele alınmıştır. Yolların yapımı ve bakımı hususunda hem devletlerin hem de farklı paydaşların girişimleri olduğu görülmüş ve bunların büyük ölçüde coğrafi ve iklimsel şartlar, toplumsal ve vergisel düzenekler ve menfaatler tarafından şekillendirildiği teyit edilmiştir. Yol üzerindeki tesislerle ilgili değerlendirmeler ayrı bir makalede ele alınmıştır. Throughout history, the construction and maintenance of the roads, the conduits of travel, communication, and transportation, between towns have required a different type of organization and effort than required for those within towns. This study attempts to reconcile in a general manner the different manifestations of such organizations and efforts seen in different periods and geographies, and to determine whether there are common dynamics. We have evaluated the different types of roads, whether natural or constructed, and how these were put into service of travellers on the road for different purposes. It has been observed that both the states and other stakeholders have invested in building and maintaining roads and that these efforts depended essentially on the geographical and climatic conditions, as well as social and tax related orders and benefits. The facilities on the roads have been evaluated in another article.
- Published
- 2018
48. Nano modifiye bitümlü sıcak karışımların performansının araştırılması
- Author
-
Karahançer, Şebnem, Saltan, Mehmet, Terzi, Serdal, and İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Transportation ,İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Ulaşım ,Civil Engineering ,Road construction - Abstract
Bu çalışmada bitüm, çoğul duvarlı karbon nanotüp, çinko oksit nano tozu ve %50 oranında silika ile modifiye edilmiş karbon nanotüp kullanılarak %1, %3 ve %5 oranlarında modifiye edilmiştir. Ayrıca silika nano tozu kullanılarak %0.1, %0.3 ve %0.5 oranında bitüm modifikasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bitüm, nano malzemelerle yüksek devirli karıştırıcı kullanılarak 4000 devir/dakika hızda ve 160 C sıcaklıkta 2 saat boyunca homojen olarak karıştırılmıştır. Modifikasyon sonucunda elde edilen bitüm kullanılarak SuperpaveTM karışım tasarımına göre bitümün ve bitümlü sıcak karışımın performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Öncelikle Isparta Bölgesi için yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık verileriyle bağlayıcı sınıfı seçilmiştir. Daha sonra modifiye edilmiş bitümün üzerinde dönel ince film halinde ısıtma deneyi, basınçlı yaşlandırma kabı, dinamik kesme reometresi, kiriş eğilme reometresi ve dönel viskozimetre deneyleri ile performans dereceli sınıfları kontrol edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu deneyler yardımıyla bitümün tekerlek izi dayanımı ve yorulma çatlaklarına karşı dayanımı karşılaştırılmıştır. Nano malzemelerle modifiye edilmiş bitüm kullanılarak hazırlanan bitümlü sıcak karışımların AASHTO T 283'e göre nem hassasiyeti değerlendirilmiştir. Nano malzemelerle elde edilen bitümlerin taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve enerji dağılımlı X-ray spektrometresi görüntüleri ile nano modifikasyonun homojen olarak gerçekleştirilip gerçekleştirilmediği değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra Fayda/Maliyet analizi ile nano malzemelerin karışımın maliyetini ne ölçüde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak tüm nano modifiyeli bitümlerin tekerlek izi dayanımı ve yorulma çatlaklarına karşı dayanımı %3 oranında en yüksek performansı göstermiştir. Nano modifiyeli bitümlerin performans dereceli sınıfı PG 64-22 olarak bulunmuş, yalnız %1 oranında çoğul duvarlı karbon nanotüp ile modifiye bitümün yaşlandırma sonucu performans dereceli sınıfı değişmiş ve PG 58-22 olarak bulunmuştur. Nano modifiye bitüm kullanılarak hazırlanmış bitümlü sıcak karışımların nem hassasiyeti %50 oranında silika ile modifiye edilmiş karbon nanotüp %5 oranı, silika nano tozu %1 ve %5 oranı dışında tüm nano modifiyeli bitümlü sıcak karışımlar için referans numuneden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve enerji dağılımlı X-ray spektrometresi görüntüleri ile nano malzemelerin bitüm içerisinde homojen olarak dağıldığı, topaklanmaların boyutunun 4 m'den daha küçük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fayda/Maliyet analizi ile çoğul duvarlı karbon nanotüp dışındaki tüm nano modifiyeli bitümlü sıcak karışımların maliyetinin referans numuneden daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. In this study, bitumen is modified by multi-walled carbon nanotube, zincoxide nano powder and %50 wt silica modified carbon nanotube in proportions of 1%, 3% and 5%. Also, bitumen is modified by silica nano powder in proportions of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%. Bitumen is mixed with nano materials using high shear mixer at 4000 rpm, 160 C and 2 hours. Performance of hot mix asphalt and bitumen is evaluated according to SuperpaveTM mix design procedure. Performance grade of bitumen is determined for Isparta region using high and low temperatures data. After all, performance grade of bitumen is compared with rotating thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer tests conducted on modified bitumen. Also, rutting and fatigue cracking performance of bitumen is compared using these test results. Moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt modified by nano materials is obtained by AASHTO T 283 test procedure. Nano modified bitumen is evaluated by scanning electron microskopy whether the mixture is mixed with nano materials and bitumen homogenously or not. After all Benefit/Cost analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of nano material cost in mixture. As a result, highest rutting and fatigue cracking performance is obtained by 3% modification ratio. Performance grade of all modified bitumen is determined as PG 64-22 except for multi-walled carbon nanotube modified bitumen in 1% ratio. Performance grade of multi-walled carbon nanotube modified bitumen in 1% ratio is determined as PG 58-22. Moisture susceptibility of all nano modified hot mix asphalt samples is determined as high resistive to moisture compared to reference sample except samples modified with %50 wt silica modified carbon nanotube in 5% ratio, silica nano powder in 1% and 5% ratios. Homogenous mixture is obtained according to scanning electron microskopy results. It is found that the agglomeration of nano materials is lower than 4 m in the mixtures. The costs of all nano modified mixtures are lower than the reference sample except multi-walled carbon nanotube modified samples according to benefit/cost analysis. 178
- Published
- 2017
49. Nano malzemelerin bitümlü bağlayıcılarda katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi
- Author
-
Günay, Taylan, Ahmedzade, Perviz, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, and İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Nanokompozitler ,Performance Grade Of Bitumen ,Nano Malzemeler ,Transportation ,Bitumen Rheology ,Road construction ,Nanocomposites ,Bitüm ,"null" ,Bitumen ,Bitüm Performans Sınıfları ,Ulaşım ,Land transportation ,Bitüm Reolojisi ,Bituminous hot mixture ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
Çalışmada, nano boyutlu malzemelerin bitümlü bağlayıcıların fiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, nanokil, nano titayum oksit (TiO2), nano silisyum oksit (SiO2), nano çinko oksit (ZnO), nano alüminyum oksit (Al2O3), nano magnezyum oksit (MgO), sepiolite kili nano fiber, halloysite nano tüp olmak üzere toplam 8 adet katkı türü %2, %3, ve %4 oranlarında B 50/70 penetrasyona sahip saf bitüme ilave edilerek nano katkılı bağlayıcılar hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca, aynı nano katkı türlerinin stiren-butadien-stiren (SBS) polimeriyle bir arada bitüm içerisinde kullanılmasıyla nanokompozit katkılı bağlayıcılar elde edilmiştir. Nano ve nanokompozit katkılı bağlayıcılar üzerinde penetrasyon, yumuşama noktası, depolama stabilitesi, dönel ince film halinde ısıtma etüvü, basınçlı yaşlandırma kabı, dönel viskozite, dinamik kayma reometesi ve kiriş eğme reometresi deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Bu sayede, nano ve nanokompozit katkılı bağlayıcıların, sertleşme, yaşlanma, depolanma stabilitesi, viskozite gibi farklı fiziksel özellikleri incelenmiş, Superpave şartnamesine göre yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık performans sınıfları tespit edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların neticesinde, performans artışı sağlayan nano katkı türlerinin bitüm içerisindeki ideal kullanım oranları belirlenmiştir. İdeal katkı oranlarına sahip bağlayıcılar üzerinde, farklı frekans deneyleri, ana eğrilerin oluşturulması, sıfır kesme viskozitelerinin tayin edilmesi, çoklu gerilme sünme toplanma ve burulma sünme deneyleri uygulanarak, nano ve nanokompozit katkılı bağlayıcıların reolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir., In this work, it was aimed to investigate the effects of nanomaterials on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binders. Accordingly, 8 different nano additives namely, nanoclay, nano TiO2, nano SiO2, nano ZnO, nano Al2O3, nano MgO, sepiolite clay nano fiber, halloysite nanotube were employed in a B50/70 penetration graded bitumen. Nano modified bitumens were prepared by adding proportions of 2%, 3% and %4 of each modifier by weight of base bitumen. Besides, nanocomposite modified bitumens were composed by means of using the nanomaterials and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer in the bitumen. Penetration, softening point, rolling thin film oven, pressure aging vessel, storage stability, rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer tests were conducted on nanomaterials and nanocomposite modified bitumens. Thus, physical properties such as aging, storage stability, viscosity of the nanomaterial and nanocomposite modified bitumens were investigated and high and low performance grade of the binders were determined. Consequently, optium amount of nanomaterial modifiers were determined based on the performance grade of each modified binder. DSR frequency sweep test, constructing master curves, determination of zero shear viscosity, multiply shear creep recovery test, DSR torsion creep test were applied to investigate the rheology of optimized nanomaterial and nanocomposite modified bitumens.
- Published
- 2016
50. The effects of forests on landslides
- Author
-
Remzi Eker and Abdurrahim Aydın
- Subjects
Geography ,Road construction ,Agroforestry ,Forestry ,Orman Mühendisliği - Abstract
Özellikle dağlık bölgelerde ortaya çıkan stabilite problemlerinin olumsuz sonuçlarından dolayı, heyelanlar üzerindeki etkileri bakımından ormanların ve ormancılık faaliyetlerinin önemi ormanların koruma fonksiyonu ile birlikte giderek artmaktadır. Ormanlar ve ormancılık faaliyetleri (ağaç kesimi, yol inşası gibi) heyelan kaynaklı stabilite problemleri açısından literatürde çeşitli yönleriyle çalışılmıştır. Ancak orman örtüsünün mevcudiyetinin etkileri ile ormancılık faaliyetlerinin heyelanlar üzerindeki etkilerinin nasıl ve ne yönde olduğuna dair yapılan çalışmaların temel alınarak tartışıldığı bir derleme çalışmaya ihtiyaç olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Bu makalede bu ihtiyaç göz önüne alınarak orman-heyelan ve ormancılık-heyelan konularında uluslararası düzeyde yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek tartışılmıştır. Especially because of adverse results of stability problems in mountainous regions, in point of their effects on the landslides, the importance of forests and forestry activities as well as their protection function has been increased. Forests and forestry activities such as logging and road construction in terms of landslide related problems have been studied in literature with different aspects. However, it attracts the attention that is needed to a review article which discuss why and how forest and forestry activities affect the landslide occurrence. In this article, studies made in international levels were discussed by analyzing based on the subjects of forest-landslide and forestry-landslide.
- Published
- 2014
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