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Background: The aim of this study is to compare the time-course of effect of rocuronium, a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker in anesthesia practice between smokers and non-smokers by neuromuscular and BIS monitorization. Materials and Methods: 58 patients with 29 patients in each group were included the study. All patients were divided smokers (n=29) who smokes >10 cigarettes per day during the last two years and nonsmokers (n=29). Total intravenous anesthesia with target controlled infusion was used in all patients. All hemodynamic parameters and BIS values were noted intraoperatively. The dose requirements and "lag-time", "onset-time", "deep neuromuscular blockade time", "T1 %10 time", "time of clinical action", "recovery index" were recorded for all patients. Results: The lag time values were 60±17 seconds and 60±11 seconds for non-smokers and smokers respectively (p>0.05). While the onset time values were 105±34 seconds and 120±46 seconds, deep neuromuscular block time values were 28±13.7 minutes and 33.7±9.3minutes for nonsmoker and smokers. The duration to 10% and time of clinical action values were 15.5±7.6 minutes, 17.2±5.8 minutes, and 16.5±11.1 minutes, 18.25±7.3 minutes for non smokers and smokers respectively (p>0.05). Similarly recovery index values showed no difference between nonsmokers (12.7±7.3 minutes) and smokers (12.4±6.6 minutes). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that chronic nicotine exposure does not change the dose requirements and "lag-time", "onset-time", "deep neuromuscular blockade time", "T1 %10 time", "time of clinical action", and "recovery index". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]