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This study was carried out to determine the effects of in the increasing dozes of copper sulfate (CS; CuSO4.5H2O; 35% Cu) and nitrogen applications on the yield and yield components, root and root crown disease of Quality variety bread wheat grown in a farmer field with spring irrigation in Değirmenli Town of Sarayönü District of Konya Province in 2016-2017 growing season. In the field experiment, the three block and 24 plots in each block, total 72 plots were formed. 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 dozes were applied into blocks. In addition, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg CS ha-1 dozes were given into each block as four replications. According to the results, the highest wheat yield (4.050 kg ha-1) was obtained from '150 kg N ha-1 + 40 kg CS ha-1' dozes. In addition, the root and root crown diseases were not seen in the 20 kg CS ha-1 doze and more high dozes in the 100 kg N ha-1 block. The same diseases were not determined in the 40 kg CS ha-1 doze and more high dozes in the 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 blocks. When it was look at the effects of N dozes applied, the highest yield and yield components were obtained from 150 kg N ha-1 doze (2. block). So, 150 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg CS ha-1 dozes can be suggested in the wheat growing in the similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Lake Van Basin during 2013-2014 years in order to detect Rhizoctonia solani Kühn of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and their disease reaction on two tomato cultivars. Alsancak and Toprak tomato cultivars have been widely planted in the province. Rhizoctonia solani is distributed all over the world and is capable of causing severe crop losses on tomatoes. All R. solani isolates from tomatoes were identified as members of AG-4. Pathogenicity test of R. solani isolates were evaluated on Alsancak and Toprak cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity and root length were evaluated 10 weeks after sowing. The experiment was conducted two times in five replications. At the end of the study, it was found that all tested isolates were able to infect tomato plants with different degrees of severities. For Alsancak, isolate No. Rs8 and for Toprak, isolate No. Rs12 showed significantly highest severity. Most of isolates reduced root length compared to control plants. Toprak was found to be resistant, Alsancak was found to be susceptible cultivars to R. solani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately a century ago, many biologists noticed the existence of non-pathogenic fungi in the roots of several plants. In 1885, the relationship between plant roots and some soil fungi was referred as "mycorrhizae". Mycorrhizae can be found almost everywhere and 90% of higher plant species co-exist with mycorrhizae. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are the most common mycorrhizal type. Mycorrhizal fungi form a bridge between the roots and the soil, gathering nutrients from the soil and giving them to the roots. Mycorrhizae also benefit plants by changing mycorrhizosphere, enhancing the structure of the soil, morphological and physiological changes in roots and competition of nutrition. In addition, plants that show mycorrhizae formation become more resistant against pathogens and nematodes thereby possessing tremendous advantage in protecting the plants against these agents which hardly controlled by other ways. However, it was suggested that Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AMF) plants might become susceptible to some obligate pathogens due to their better development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]