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Copyright of Journal of Human & Work / İş ve İnsan Dergisi is the property of Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of five different caries removal methods on caries removal effectiveness according to microhardness and micro tensile bond strength values. Materials: In this study, for the microhardness test, micro-tensile bond strength test (n = 10) SEM analysis (n = 2), and a total of 72 human molar teeth were used. Caries lesions were removed with conventional (steel bur, ceramic bur, polymer bur) methods, chemomechanical method (Brix-3000), and fluorescence-aided caries excavation method (Siroinspect). Then, teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the cavity center and were subjected to the microhardness test, micro tensile test, and SEM atomic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc tests. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between all caries removal methods and measurement levels at certain distances from the cavity floor (0, 25, 50, 75 μm) (p

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edible films and coatings (YFK) which are indispensable for recycling and classified as bioavailable, are biopolymer materials. Numerous studies have been carried out on environmentally friendly (YFK). Many of these studies are related to the use of plant extracts in (YFK) Addition of plant extract to the said (YFK), antioxidant, antimicrobial, characterization (thickness, water vapor permeability, elongation at break (%E), tensile strength (TS), color, biodegradability, water solubility, absorbance-transmittance analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and examination of homogeneous distribution (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in edible films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) are performed to improve their properties. Unfortunately, the added plant extracts do not always show the expected effect. In this study, a total of 78 studies were analyzed using the keywords of plant extract, edible film, characterization, coating by examining Higher Education Thesis Center, Google Scholar, Web of Science databases. When the studies are examined, it is stated that the chemical structure of the plant extract and the dosage added to the film influence increasing the antioxidant activity. In determining the antimicrobial activity, it was stated that the analysis method affected the result. It is stated that other properties vary depending on the lipophilic and hydrophilic nature of the plant extract. As a result, our study contributes to researchers to develop different research topics. Moreover, it provides a fundamental resource for young researchers within the scope of characterization parameters of (YFK) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is a basic material derived from organic carbon used for writing and storing information. Books, letters, maps, and official documents are written on paper and enable the transfer of information from generation to generation. Archives and libraries provide an excellent food source for many microorganisms with their organic carbon sources and as a result, they cause biodeterioration. The rate of biodeterioration, on the other hand, depends not only on the composite properties of archival materials, but also on the environment in which they are foun In this study, which was carried out to contribute to active conservation practices, microbial samples were taken from the Department of Culture and Registration. These microbial samples belong to two works with archive numbers 756 and 759, located in the archive room of the Safranbolu collection in the central library within the Foundation Records Directorate. As a biocidal product, the active ingredients were 20% chlorhexidine digluconate, 15% polyhexanide, 3.9% lactic acid, 4.5% acetic acid and 70% ethyl alcohol, respectively. The effects of biocidal products on microorganisms were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Evaluation of the effectiveness on paper, which is important for conservation, was carried out with short and long-term aging tests, colour spectroscopy and SEM fibre degradation analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed coat micromorphology has been great help in systematic studies over the past century. It is useful in most plant groups, including the widespread taxa. Although phenotypic plasticity in plants is a well-known phenomenon, there are not many micromorphological studies investigating whether plants with wide distribution areas show variation in seed coat characteristics. Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae), as one of the most widespread Plantago taxa, is used in this study to investigate the presence of seed microsculpture variation among different populations. The seeds of 50 populations from across Turkey were analyzed using Stereomicroscope and SEM. Some seed surface characters of P. lanceolata were found to be consistent (cell shapes and anticlinal wall shapes), whereas others were variable (anticlinal walls, periclinal walls and surface sculpture). Irregularly wrinkled surface is reported in P. lanceolata seeds for the first time in this study. No correlation between geographical differences and seed characters were found. These results indicate that caution should be taken when dealing with widespread taxa with high levels of variation.

Copyright of Journal of Social Economic Research / Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Sosyal Ekonomik Arastirmalar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, GdMnO3-Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 was manufactured using the mixture of oxides technique. GdMnO3-Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 compositional compounds were formed in various ratios for structural analysis. Single-phase composition of GdMnO3 and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 were produced after sintering between 1200-1400°C. Structural analysis results showed that the second phase did not occur in GdMnO3 and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed for structural analysis. In addition, GdMnO3/PANI/Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 composites were produced by hot pressing method using various amounts of GdMnO3-Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 and aniline. The weight ratios of (GdMnO3- Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3) and aniline were 1:1, respectively. The GdMnO3/PANI/Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 compound formed in various weights, and epoxy powder were used to produce microwave shielding effect composites. Using a network analyzer (NA), the microwave shielding effect of GdMnO3/PANI/Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 composites was investigated in the range of 8-18 GHz. A minimum shielding effect value of -56.77 dB was obtained at 15.77 GHz at 1.4 mm thickness. The GdMnO3/PANI/Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 was produced as composite material and their properties were characterized for shielding effect. This microwave shielding performance can be easily adjusted by controlling the polyaniline content and GdMnO3-Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 content in the samples for wider and required frequency bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada, kimyasal yapısında iki adet pozitif yüklü kuaterner amonyum azotu içeren üç tane di-katyonik yüzey aktif madde sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen yüzey aktif maddelerin kimyasal yapıları çeşitli spektroskopik yöntemlerle (FT-IR, 1H NMR ve 13C NMR) ispatlanmıştır. Sentezlenen ve moleküler yapıları aydınlatılan 3 adet ürünün, 1.0 M HCl asidik ortamda, kütle kaybı yöntemi kullanılarak yumuşak çeliğin korozyonuna karşı inhibisyon etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı inhibitör konsantrasyonlarına sahip asidik çözeltilere, metal kuponların, oda sıcaklığında 24 saat süreyle daldırılması suretiyle yapılan korozyon testleri sonucunda, her üç yüzey aktif madde için, birbirine yakın ve etkin inhibisyon verimleri elde edilmiştir. Moleküler yapılarında bulunan uzun karbon zincirindeki karbon sayısının fazlalığı korozyona karşı korumada etkin bir faktör olduğu gösterilmiştir. Uzun zincirindeki karbon sayısı en fazla olan inhibitörün asit ortamındaki korozyon inhibisyon etkinliğinin diğerlerine göre biraz daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, korozyona karşı etkinlikleri ile ilişkilendirmek adına, söz konusu di-katyonik yüzey aktif maddeler için kritik misel konsantrasyonu, bu konsantrasyondaki yüzey gerilimleri, misel oluşum serbest enerjisi, köpük kararlılığı gibi bazı fizikokimyasal parametreleri de hesaplama yoluna gidilmiştir. Yüzey aktif maddelerin metal yüzeyine adsorbe olarak yüzeyi korozyondan koruduklarının önemli bir destekleyici delili olan taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile yüzey görüntüleri de alınmış ve asit çözeltisine daldırılan metal yüzeylerindeki pürüzlülük halleri belirlenmiştir.

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non-porous materials like cellulose and starch can be extracted from agro- industrial wastes and incorporated with nanoparticles for effective biotechnological purposes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), silver-cellulose nanoparticles (AgNps-C) and silver-starch nanoparticles (AgNps-S) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify viable biomolecules involved in capping and active stabilization of AgNps. Average sizes and morphologies of AgNps, AgNps-C and AgNps-S were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the percentage composition of each element was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S was tested against multiple antibiotic resistance microorganisms isolated from fish and meat. Zones of inhibition displayed by AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S ranged from 8.00 to 13.30 mm and 5.00 to 10.30 mm, respectively. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for AgNPs-C and AgNPS-S ranged from 125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPS-S and AgNPs-C inhibited the growth of microorganisms associated with spoilage of fish and meat. The bio-applications of AgNP –C and AgNP-S can be exploited in food industries as preservative agent or incorporated to packaging materials to elongate the shelf life of food products and reduce the side effects attributed to chemical preservative agents.

Çalışmada Mo folyolar ve cam üzerine DC saçtırma yöntemiyle kaplanmış Mo ince filmler üzerine aynı anda termal buharlaştırma metoduyla CIGS yarıiletken malzemesi biriktirilmiştir. İki grup Mo alt katmanların AFM cihazı ile topoğrafyaları ve ortalama yüzey pürüzlülükleri elde edilmiştir. CIGS ince filmlerin kalınlıkları SEM cihazı ile kesit görüntüleri alınarak, 1,122 µm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Numunelerin XRD ölçümleri alınarak yapısal farklılıkları belirlenmiştir. Mo folyo ve ince film alt katmanı üzerine biriktirilen CIGS ince filmlerin yüzeyinden 5000, 10000, 25000 ve 50000 büyütmelerde SEM görüntüleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen SEM görüntülerinin GLCM metodu ile Haralick doku özellikleri incelenmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilerek alt katman Mo topoğrafyasının CIGS ince filmlerin morfolojisi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hesaplanan Haralick doku özelliklerinin görece geniş alanlardan daha küçük alanlara doğru değişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. A grubu numunelerden elde edilen görüntülerde enerji değerinin 0,21 ile 0,54 arasında, karşıtlık değerinin 0,15 ile 0,35 arasında, korelasyon değerinin 0,66 ile 0,65 arasında ve homojenite değerinin 0,82 ile 0,92 arasında değiştikleri tespit edilmiştir. B grubunda aynı doku özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Alttaş farklılığının yapı ve morfoloji üzerine etkisi, SEM görüntülerinin doku özellikleri farklılıkları ile açıklanmıştır.

In paralleli with the developments in industry and technology, the number of studies on the development of membranes used in waterı and wastewater treatment is increasing. One of the current focus of researchers in the development of innovative membranes is nanofiber-based membranes with their specific characteristics. Many ıpolymers are usedı in the production of nanofiber membranes, and ıpolyamide-based ones are among the most preferred. In this study, nanofiber membrane production was carried out from polyamide 6.6 (PA66) polymer. Within the scope of the study, PA66 / TFE solutions with three different concentrations were prepared ıby dissolving the PA66 polymer in ı2-2-2 Trifluoroethyleneı (TFE) solvent at 5%, 7% and 10% by weight. As ıa result of the preliminary experiments with the prepared solutions, the most suitable production parameters for the production of membranes by electrospinning method were determined. Using these parameters, five different nanofiber membrane surfaces were produced. Structural characterization of the produced membrane surfaces was ıperformed by Fourierı Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermal characterization was performed by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. It was determined that the peak values obtained from the FTIR analyzes performed on PA66 nanofibers were compatible with the literature. When SEM images were examined, it was clearly seen that uniform nanofiber structure was formed in all samples. However, some bead formation was also observed in all samples except PA66TFE(10-2). It was determined from the DSC analyzes that the melting temperatures were at 251-258°C, and from the TGA analyses, the halving temperatures were found to be in the range of 423-428°C and the maximum mass loss was around 550°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Youth Research is the property of Genclik & Spor Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tarhana is a traditional food produced by different traditional methods and the materials used in production are changing from a region to another region. The total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia Coli and enterococci bacteria count of wet dough Kastamonu tarhana and dry powdered tarhana samples were investigated in this study. All microorganisms examined in our study were detected in one of the wet dough tarhana samples. The highest total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria counts were determined for the wet dough tarhana samples to be 2.2×106, 6.6×107, 1.2×106 and 1.9×106 cfu/g, respectively. No growth of microorganism capable of reproduction was observed in the powdered tarhana produced industrially. In addition, the Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria were not detected for any of the dry powder tarhana samples. It was seen that the microbial load of the wet tarhana produced at home in Kastamonu was higher than the powdered tarhana. The reason for this situation was thought to be due to poor production and hygiene conditions. The presence of Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria in samples indicates that there is possible fecal contamination of the raw materials used in wet dough tarhana production. Electron microscope images of molds obtained in our study are similar to molds producing mycotoxins. These results show that the wet dough tarhana have a greater risk for microorganism development and human health compared to dry powder tarhana.

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a mixture of fly ash (UK) and blast furnace slag (YFC) as an alumino-silicate source and NaOH and Na2SiO3 as the activators were chosen to investigate the synergistic effects of the UK and YFC on the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete. 5 different geopolymer concrete groups were produced using fly ash and blast furnace slag at the rates of 100-0, 80-20%, 70-30%, 60-40%, and 50-50% as binders. As a result of the preliminary experiments, the produced geopolymer samples were cured at 90°C for 72 hours. The compressive strengths of 3, 7, 28, and 90 days of produced samples were determined. Within the scope of durability tests, 28 day's samples were exposed to 4 different high-temperature effects such as 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. The compressive strengths, capillary water absorption coefficients, weight changes, and UPV values of the samples were determined after high temperatures. As the internal structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed after the high-temperature effect. As a result, with the addition of slag in the production of fly ash-based geopolymer, the mechanical and durability properties of the concrete improved and it was obtained a denser microstructure. After the effect of high temperature, among all mixtures, the highest compressive strength results belong to the mixture containing 50% slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica-rich solutions, considered as the final products of acidic volcanism, which started from the Late Miocene to throughout the Plio-Quaternary around Isparta, are effective along the main fault observed around the Keçiborlu (Isparta) sulfur deposit. Therefore, opal occurrences are intensively observed along this fault zone. Opal occurrences are in various colors such as gray, beige, yellowish, reddish, blackish. Opals with a massive structure, observed as bands, are sharpedged, conchoidal diffraction, translucent, matte, oily glossy surface opals are iron oxidized. Some opals contain brecciated rock fragments. The locations of the opal occurrences in the field were determined in this study. Using representative samples, structural and textural properties of opals were determined by thin section, scanning electron microscopy analyses, and mineral paragenesis was analyzed via x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Geochemical findings revealed chemical compositions. Based on the thin-section studies, it was observed that the opalized samples lost their primary properties due to the effect of hydrothermal solutions and they became iron oxidized, laminated, and argillized. In addition, they contain opaque minerals such as magnetite and hematite. Different micro textures such as amorphous, granular, desert rose, and lepisphere quartz associations were observed in SEM images. In the XRD and FTIR analyzes, it was determined that most of the opals were Opal CT and some of them were defined as Opal C type. Based on the geochemical analyses considering Ba <120 ppm and Ca >200 ppm, the remarkable changes in loss on ignition values, and the relative relationship between C/T ratio and Ga, such hydrothermal alterations in opals the Keçiborlu opals were found to have the magmatic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spine fixation is required in cases such as congenital spinal curvatures, vertebral fractures, sagittal collapse over time, painful kyphosis, and bone load due to tumors. Although there are many methods in the literature, the most commonly used spine fixation method is the fixation with pedicle screws. In these cases, it is known that pedicle screws are used frequently in the body. In this study, how the radiological exposure of the pedicle screws in the vertebral column that dose was evaluated by simulation methods. First, the elemental analysis of the pedicle screw was analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Then, the elemental compositions of the pedicle screw obtained were used for simulation codes. subsequently, the half-value thickness and the attenuation coefficient calculations were conducted for the pedicle screw and vertebral column. Both XCOM software and MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) simulation code were used to obtain photon interaction parameters within the energy range of 60-250 keV.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of different repair systems by using composite resin and ceramic cementation repair methods to zirconia-based ceramics. Material and Method: All-ceramic blocks (IPS Empress II; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) sized 4.00 mm in length, 5.4 mm in width, and 3.00 mm in height were fabricated by dental laboratory as thirty specimens. CAD/CAM zirconia blocks (n =40) (Prozir; SeramDent, Turkey) sized 5.00 mm in length, 5.4 mm in width and 13.0 mm in height by CEREC System were fabricated from fully sintered Y-TZP core. Zirconia specimens were randomly divided into seven groups for the following different intraoral repair systems(Clearfil, Cimara Zircon, Bisco) and a control group. Every ten specimens were repaired as same sized. Control group was fabricated by conventional firing as unbroken solid zirconia ceramic samples. Each specimen underwent 5000 cycles of thermocycling. The SBSt (Shear bond strength test) was performed by loading force on the repaired piece to record load-to-failure. Failure mode was evaluated using a digital microscope and SEM. SBSt data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: Clearfil and Cimara Zircon systems significantly increased the bond strength for composite resin method when compared with the Bisco system (respectively p <0.001, p =0.001). All-ceramic method significantly increased the bond strength when compared with the composite resin in Bisco system (p <0.001). Conclusion: Although the composite restoration method is effective for repair, the all-ceramic/zirconia repair method can be an option for repairing layered zirconia restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The motivations of the consumer when he or she is buying food online remain unknown. This is one of the first research to review the general motivations that the consumer presents when making the decision to purchase food using electronic commerce as a purchase channel. A virtual food shopping experiment was conducted for 30 weeks and 223 responses were obtained from shoppers with different demographic characteristics. Motivations were modelled using Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework and solved by structural equations (SEM) in total, it was possible to obtain significant responses for 14 effects. Results indicate that convenience associated with ease of use and hedonic motivations are the motivations with the greatest influence on the consumers’ purchasing response. It was possible to determine, among other things, that variables such as socioeconomic status do not strongly influence the response in the virtual purchase of food.

In this study, bonding of Fe3Al and Ti6Al4V alloys proved with diffusion bonding method in vacuum atmosphere. Diffusion bonding of Fe3Al and Ti6Al4V alloys with copper interlayer was carried out at 900ºC for different times under 3 MPa. Shear test was applied to bonded samples to measure the shear strength of the welds. SEM-EDS studies indicated diffusion of copper atoms to Fe3Al and Ti6Al4V matrix. Investigations of the fracture surfaces of all samples showed the sign of good bonding with some plastic deformation. The highest shear strength of 209 MPa was obtained from samples bonded for 120 minutes.

Nowadays, surface texturing becomes a significant method in the regulation of contact forces between two bodies in contact. Surface texturing is generally carried out by using elastic cylindrical beams. In this study, the effect of elastic beam array structural parameters on friction force amplitude of beams in contact with a flat, smooth and rigid body are investigated by finite-element method. For this, the frictional motion of the elastic cylindrical beam array is modeled in a finite-element based engineering software. Validation of the established model is performed. In the model, backing layer thickness, spacing distance between two beams, and number of beams are changed in elastic beam array. Normal force and friction force amplitudes in the full-sliding frictional motion of beams in contact with a smooth and rigid body are calculated. When the spacing distance between the two beams or the beam backing layer thickness is increased, the friction force amplitude decreases; and the effect of the number of beams on the friction force amplitude per single beam is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı kompozit yüzeylere (direct ve indirekt) uygulanan farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerinin yüzeyde oluşturduğu pürüzlülük ve metal braketlerin bağlanma dayanıklılığı üzerine olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda direkt ve indirekt olmak üzere 2 farklı tipte kompozit diskler ve çekilmiş alt keser dişleri kullanıldı. Kompozit grupları oluşturmak amacıyla direkt ve indirek kompozitin her birinden 60 adet olmak üzere toplamda 120 örnek disk hazırlandı ve bu gruplara 15 adet alt keser diş örneği olan kontrol grubu eklendi. Kompozit diskler uygulanacak farklı pürüzlendirme yöntemlerine göre her grupta 15 örnek olacak şekilde, 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Bu gruplar; ortofosforik (OF) asit, kumlama, frezle pürüzlendirme yapılan ve hiçbir işlem uygulanmayan kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Diş yüzeylerine OF asit uygulandı. Bütün kompozit disklerin pürüzlülüğü profilometre cihazı ile yüzeyler pürüzlendirilmeden önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Braketler yapıştırıldıktan sonra, termal siklus uygulanan yüzeyler, makaslama testine tabi tutuldu. Yüzeyde oluşan değişiklikler stereomikroskop ve tarayıcı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelendi. İstatiksel değerlendirme için, iki yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Tukey HSD ve Wilcoxon signed rank testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Kumlama ile pürüzlendirilen direkt kompozit gruplarında pürüzlülük değerlerinin, indirekt gruptaki değerlerden anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulunurken diğer pürüzlendirme yöntemleri (OF asit, frez) için direkt ve indirekt kompozit tipleri arasında istatiksel olarak fark bulunamadı (p>0.05). Frez yöntemi, hem bağlanma dayanımı, hem de pürüzlülük değerlerinde en yüksek sonuçları gösterdi (p

Considering global trends in sustainable and green development as well as the major drawbacks of conventional hydraulic cement, accelerate attempt for finding a suitable alternative and likely cause further development of geopolymeric cements in future. Influences of Nano scale Materials in improving the mechanical properties of ordinary Portland cement have been obviously proved. Despite the widespread use of these materials in different fields of science, for instance, chemicals engineering, materials engineering and even ordinary Portland cement, the effect of Nano scale materials in geopolymers has not been investigated deservedly. The purpose of this study is creating bridges to mitigate these gaps and shortcomings. Very fine silica particles (micro and Nano-silica) effects in ferrochrome slag based geopolymer have been evaluated in this research. Elazığ ferrochrome slag was used as the main aluminosilicate source and then it was blended with Nano silica or silica fume in little amounts in order to accelerate geopolymerization. Nano-silica and silica fume have been used at 2,4,6,8 and 10% of total binder weight in this study due to probe fine silica effect on the mechanical specification of produced material such as compressive strength, Static modulus of elasticity, Tensile Strength and microstructural change. The experimental results show all of these mention mechanical properties have been improved with adding fine silica in geopolymer mixes in optimum percentage of total binder weight. The best percentage of fine silica partial replacement instead of FS is 6% at all of silica fume and three Nano particle size (15, 30 and 45 nm). SEM images assessment demonstrated homogenous and denser texture with acceptable chemical bonds improvements for samples with optimum Nano-silica dosage. Compressive strength increase can be explained by densification of the matrix texture by using of Nano-silica and silica fume at optimum dosage.

La0.7Ca0.1K0.2MnO3 nanoparçacıklar sol-gel yöntemiyle sentezlendi. Bileşiğin yapısal, manyetik ve manyeto-termal özellikleri detaylı bir biçimde incelendi. Yapısal özellikleri X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile gerçekleştirildi. XRD deseninde FullProf programı yardımıyla Rietveld analizi gerçekleştirildi. Analiz sonucunda bileşiğin kristal örgüsünün ortorombik yapıya sahip olduğu ve içerisinde La2O3, Mn3O4 ve MnO2 safsızlıklarının bulunduğu gözlendi. SEM analiziyle nanoparçacıkların küresele yakın bir geometriye sahip olduğu ve safsızlıkların altıgen ve küp şeklinde belirli bölgelerde oluştuğu görüldü. Manyetik analizlerin sonucunda bileşiğin oda sıcaklığında ferromanyetik kısmen paramanyetik duruma geçtiği görüldü. Ferromanyetik faza ait doyum mıknatıslanması 1,9 Am2 /kg ve bileşiğin koarsivite değeri 12 mT olduğu belirlendi. Manyeto-termal ölçümler sonucunda bileşiğin spesifik soğurma oranı (SAR) değeri 11,5 W/g olarak hesaplandı.

Beam-column joints require a high ductility during the unexpected loadings that necessitate the need for ductile concrete in such unprotected locations. Alternatively, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a sort of concrete which has generated tremendous interest throughout the last decades in order to reach a ductile structural elements during the seismic actions. Specific properties of this type of concrete include high performance, high resistance against segregation and needless to internal or external vibration in order to compact. In the seismic regions, ductility is one of the most important factors in the design of reinforced concrete (RC) members, especially structural joints flexural performance; it is due to the enhance in the capability of plastic deformability. This paper describes load-displacement behavior of experimental and theoretical analysis of four SCC beam-column joints with different percentage of the ratio of the reinforcing bars (ρ). In the theoretical phase of this investigation three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method (FEM) model i.e., Seismostruct was used and the load-deflection diagrams were plotted to compare the test results with the numerical output. The experimental results and nonlinear FEM modeling indicate that using SCC as a workable concrete in beam-column joints of reinforced concrete structures has satisfactory performance in terms of ductility and energy dissipations.

The aim of this study is to develop an environmentally friendly packaging material by adding ethyl pyruvate (EP) to the chitosan film (CS) formulation in two different concentrations (1% and 3%). Thus, the moisture, water solubility, apparent density, color, biodegradability, and chemical resistance of the films were determined, and the surface morphology was characterized by SEM and functional groups were characterized by FTIR. Additionally, the antimicrobial and anti -qs activities of the films were determined by the disk diffusion method. The moisture, apparent density, biodegradability, and antioxidant activity of chitosan film were increased by adding EP. It was observed that EP caused porous structure in CS. Films showed antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Alternaria arborescens, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium citrinum and Penicillum expansum. It was determined that all films showed anti-qs activity. Results showed that CS-EP1 film can be used as an alternative food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hardened and microstructural properties of cement mortars containing high volumes of fly ash were investigated depending on the variab-les of micronized calcite and fly ash. For this purpose, twelve mixtures with different fly ash to cement ratio and micronized calcite replacement levels of 0.0, 0.25, 0.54, 1.0 and 0%, 2.5%, 5%, respectively, were designed. In order to evaluate the hardened property and microstructural characteristics at different curing ages, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulsive velocity test, and scanning electron microscopy analysis were performed. The experiment results showed that a significant improvement was obtained in early-age hardening properties in the mixtures inclu-ding micronized calcite (especially in mixtures produced with a combination of fly ash and micronized calcite). On the other hand, the test results of hardened properties were confirmed by SEM images. Although a decrease in early-age compressive strength was achieved with the increase in fly ash replacement, as a result of nucleation and chemical action mechanisms higher results were obtained at the 90-day compressi-ve strength comparing to the control mixture. The 90-day compressive strength values of the control mixture without micronized calcite and cement mortars containing 35% fly ash and 2.5% micronized calcite were 43.2 MPa and 51.9 MPa, respectively, and a high level of reduction in the carbon footprint of the cement was achieved with the combination of calcite and fly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of LDPE, a type of waste plastic, on the physical and workability properties of asphalt was investigated. For this, Triethanolamine (TEOA) chemical up to 2.5% by weight of asphalt was added to B 70/100 pure asphalt to provide an interaction between asphalt and LDPE. Modified asphalts were obtained by adding LDPE in the ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of the asphalt weight to the obtained asphalt-TEOA blend. The physical properties of pure and modified asphalts were first determined by conventional tests such as penetration, softening point, ductility and rolling thin film oven (RTFO). In addition, penetration index (PI) values, which are considered as a measure of the sensitivity of asphalt binders to temperature, were also calculated. Then, the workability properties of the binders were determined by rotational viscometer (RV) test, and their chemical characterization was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to traditional test result; It was observed that the hardness of the modified binders increased and their temperature sensitivity decreased with the increase of the LDPE additive ratio. According to the results of the RV test, it was observed that the mixing and compression temperatures of the binders increased with the increase of LDPE additive. According to the results of SEM and XRD analysis, it was observed that a chemical interaction between asphalt and waste LDPE was provided and the resulting asphalt-TEOA-LDPE mixture was homogeneous and single-phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the changes in the index and strength properties of calcarenites, which are widely used as building stone in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, after being subjected to high temperatures between 200 and 1000oC, and the effects of high temperatures on microstructure of the calcarenite were investigated by using electron microscope images. In order to represent a real fire incident, the samples were heated using the temperature-time curves recommended by Eurocode, and left to cool at room temperature after 2 hours of exposure at target temperature. After the experimental studies, it was observed that there was no significant change in density and weight loss values up to 600 oC. After 600 oC, a sudden decrease in density was recorded, at 1000 oC the density dropped below 1 due to microcracks. Likewise, the weight loss value reached 41% depending on the calcination process observed in calcites. P-wave velocity and tensile strength values decreased continuously depending on the temperature. However, this decrease became more pronounced after 600 oC and reached the most prominent level after 800 oC. In SEM images, discontinuity formation was observed due to the agglomeration that developed especially after 600 oC. This situation is considered as the main reason for the decrease in strength. In experimental studies applied by Eurocode, it is stated that the temperature of a fire that will occur outside the building will not exceed 680oC, and in a fire that will occur indoors, the temperature will exceed 1000 oC. For this reason, it is recommended that calcarenites, which are the subject of the study, are used only as outer coatings in buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Katkısız ve Erbiyum (Er) katkılı çinko oksit (ZnO) filmleri sol jel spin kaplama yöntemi ile p-Si alttaşlar üzerine elde edilmiştir. ZnO filminin yapısal, morfolojik ve optik özellikleri üzerine Er katkısının etkisi sırasıyla, X-ışını kırınım cihazı, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve UV-vis spektrofotometresi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. X-ışınları kırınımı (XRD) spektrumlarından, bütün filmlerin hekzagonal wurtzite yapıda ve zinkit fazda kristallendiği belirlenmiştir. Kristallenme boyutu, dislokasyon yoğunluğu, örgü parametreleri, kristal yapıdaki deformasyon ve gerilim gibi yapısal parametreler hesaplanmıştır. SEM görüntülerinden, film yüzeylerinin çatlaklar ve gözenekler olmadan iyi kaplanmış ve homojen olduğu görülmektedir. Ortalama tane boyutu, tane sınırları ve filmlerin yüzey durumlarının araştırılması için ImageJ programı kullanılmıştır. UV sprektrofotometresi ile optik ölçümler yapılmış ve optik bant aralığı diferansiyel yansıma ve Kubelka-Munk teorisiyle belirlenmiştir. Her iki yöntemden de, ZnO filminin optik band değerinin Er katkısıyla düzensiz olarak artıp azaldığı belirlenmiştir. %0,4 Er katkılı ZnO filminin optik band aralığının diğer filmlere göre daha büyük olduğu gözlenmiştir.

In the present study, the nanostructured Fe(Al,Cu) solid solution was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) process of the elemental powders. The powder mixtures were milled in a planetary ball mill for various periods of time, up to 50 h. The structural and mechanical properties of the samples were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and Vickers microhardness test. Results indicated that after 10 h of milling, all Al and Cu atoms were dissolved into the Fe lattice to form bcc-Fe(Al,Cu) solid solution. The particle morphology of the alloys was followed the cold welding, fracturing and steady state stages during milling times. Both particle size and crystallite size were reduced to ~500 nm and ~6 nm, respectively after 50 h of milling. However, the microhardness values increased with the increasing milling time.

ITO altlık üzerine geçirgen NiO (nikel oksit) ince filmler farklı katodik akımlarda elektrokimyasal büyütme tekniği ile büyütülmüştür. Büyütme sonrası filmler 350 °C’de hava ortamında 2 sa. tavlanmıştır. X-ışını kırınım (XRD) örnekleri altlık üzerine büyütülen filmlerin (111), (200) ve (222) yönelimlere sahip tek fazlı kübik yapılı polikristal olduklarını göstermiştir. Soğurma ölçümleriyle büyütülen NiO filmlerin band aralığı 2.85 eV olarak hesaplanmıştır. 310-800 nm aralığında alınan Fotolüminesans (PL) ölçümlerinden NiO ince filmlerin üç emisyon pikine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AFM) ile büyütülen filmlerin yüzey morfolojisi incelenmiştir. Fourier Dönüşümlü İnfrared Spektroskopi (FTIR) analizleriyle filmlerin oluşumunda Ni-O bağların titreşim modlarına sahip olduğu ortaya çıkarılmış ve filmlerin görünür bölgede %50 ile %80 arasında ortalama bir optik geçirgenliğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. XPS ölçümleri Ni/O yönelimi ve farklı büyütme koşullarına bağlı olarak büyütülen NiO filmlerin kimyasal bağlanma durumları gibi kimyasal özelliklerini incelemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Raman ölçümleri elektrokimyasal olarak büyütülen NiO filmlerinin stokiyometrik olmadığını göstermiştir. Görüldüğü gibi, NiO nanoparçacıkların yoğunluğu ve morfolojisinin optoelektronik aygıtların oluşumunda oldukça önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Engineering / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dicle Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. The graphene oxide film deposited by using spray pyrolysis on metal-semiconductor interface of Al/GO/n-InP Schottky diode. The effect of GO film on Al/GO/n-InP Schottky diode characteristics was investigated. The structural properties of GO films were determined by X-Ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The absorbance and transmittance spectra of the GO film were measured and their optical properties were investigated. From the I-V characteristics of the Al/GO/n-InP diode at room temperature, this structure was shown to have a rectifying property. In addition, it was determined that the diode had very good photovoltaic properties from the I-V measurements under dark and 100 mW/cm2 light intensity. The characteristic parameters of the Al/GO/n-InP Schottky diode such as the ideal factor (n), barrier height (Φb0), series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) were calculated and compared with the reference Al/n-InP diode. The Al/GO/n-InP Schottky diode structure was found to be a suitable material for various electronic and optoelectronic circuit applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, firstly poly (.-caprolactone) (PCL) was synthesized by ring opening polymerization. Next, cyanuric chloride (CC) was bonded to PCL and modified by magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane. Synthesized polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR. Thermal datas showed that thermal stability of a-MNP decreased after bonded to (PCL-g-CC). It was determined from the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements that the saturation magnetization (Ms) of a-MNP and PCL-g-CC-g-(a-MNP)] were 52.07 emug-1 and 32.08 emug-1. Additionally, particle sizes of a-MNP and [PCL-g-CC-g-(a-MNP)] was calculated 15.98 nm and 21.41 nm, respectively. While determining that a-MNP was trapped in the polymer in the SEM image of [PCL-g-CC-g-(a-MNP)], the Fe atom seen in the EDX data proves that there was MNP in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of "altruism" which is accepted as the golden rule in all religions, is investigated on the Muslim consumer behavior. Secondly, this study aims to explore the mediating role of green consumption. The sample was chosen from consumers living in Turkey. Using a quantitative research method, data were gathered by online survey with 523 consumers. Research hypothesis were tested by Structural Equation Modelling. The mediating role of variables was also tested by Sobel test. Previous research on altruism has not been considered the mediating role of green consumption on Muslim consumer behavior. The contribution of this study to literature is investigating the mediating role of green consumption. The study will also useful to academics, marketers and other researchers working in this area. Charity and donation dimension of altruism has no effect on Muslim consumer behavior, which is an unexpected outcome. In terms of mediation effect, Using Baron and Kenny's approach, green consumption partially mediated the relationship between dependent and independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Çalışmada La0.7Nd0.1K0.2MnO3 nanoparçacıklar sol-gel yöntemiyle sentezlendi ve bileşiğin yapısal, manyetik ve manyeto-termal özellikleri detaylı bir biçimde incelendi. Yapısal özelliklerin belirlenmesi için XRD ve SEM analizi yapıldı. Elde edilen XRD desenine FullProf programı kullanılarak Rietveld analizi yapıldı. Analiz sonucunda bileşiğin kristal örgüsünün Rhombohedral yapıda olduğu ve içesinde ayrıca La2O3 ve MnO2 safsızlıkların bulunduğu gözlendi. SEM analiziyle nanoparçacıkların iki farklı şekilde, küresel ve kübik şekillenime sahip olduğu belirlendi. Manyetik analizlerin sonucunda bileşiğin oda sıcaklığında ferromanyetik- kısmen paramanyetik duruma geçtiği ve var olan ferromanyetik faza ait doyum mıknatıslanması 0.23 Am2/kg ve bileşiğin koarsivite değeri 0.005 T olarak belirlendi. Manyeto-termal ölçümler sonucunda bileşiğin SAR değeri 9.6 W/g olarak hesaplandı.

Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Architectural Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University / Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), which is the most commonly used polymer in Turkey and all around the world, creates cross-linking between molecules and it causes many differences in bitumen's structural, chemical, rheological and morphological characteristics. Within the scope of the study, the changes of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) cracked surface morphology depending on different content of SBS usage were investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, the volumetric changes of altering SBS content in the PMB is examined by Fluorescent optical microscopy (FM) and Image J Program. The results are investigated with the cross-linking occurrence due to the SBS modification. In addition, samples were subjected to long-term aging using Rotational Thin Film Oven (RTFO) Test and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), in order to damage the molecular internal bonds and the effects of aging on cracked surface morphological images are examined. As a result, it is possible to say that, higher amount of maltene fraction is required to use more than 5% of SBS content. PMB samples have more rough cracked surface morphology due to cross-linking compared to neat bitumen. Long term aged samples had more rough cracked surfaces due to the damages in intermolecular bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boutique hotels, which have become more popular in recent years, are accommodation places that have fewer rooms, a special architectural structure, a unique character, a friendly, unique decoration, a small number of staff and personalized customer service and that adopt a perception of guest rather than a perception of customer. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in boutique hotels. For this purpose, boutique hotels in Antalya were included in the survey and 400 boutique hotel customers were surveyed.Servqual Quality of Service scale was used for quality of service measurement. Cronbach Alpha method, Normality test, Correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Model were used in the analysis of the data. In the study, it is concluded that out of the Quality of Service dimensions, physical characteristics, reliability and trust have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Physical characteristics had the highest impact on customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, morphological, anatomical, palinological characteristics of naturally distrubuted Muscari inconstrictum Rech. fil., M. comosum L., M. babachii Eken & Koyuncu and M. neglectum Guss. species in Hatay Province (Turkey) have been studied. Morphological studies include to examination on characters such as bulb, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The seed characters were found ovate-eliptic in M. inconstrictum and spheroidal in the others, with entire, rugose and ribbed ornamentation. Palynological analysis showed that pollen apertures were generally sulcate, subprolate and oblate in shape, and reticulate-subreticulate ornamentation. In anatomical studies, cross-sections were taken from the roots, stems and leaves of the species by paraffin method. Prepared preparations were photographed under light microscope and their anatomical features were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop a scale that determines the factors that affect the satisfaction of citizens who benefit from justice services. In this context, opinions were received from faculty members working in law faculties, lawyers registered in Ağrı Bar Association and some citizens who received service from Ağrı Courthouse. Based on the information obtained, a scale consisting of 24 questions was prepared. The scale, which was organized after the pilot application, was applied face-to-face to 552 people who received service from the Ağrı Courthouse. In order to test the construct validity and reliability of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed. SPSS 23.00 and AMOS 22.00 programs were used for analysis. As a result of the analyzes, a three-dimensional "scale of satisfaction from justice services", consisting of 15 statements, was developed. The dimensions of the scale were determined as "services and applications", "physical environment and hardware" and "communication". The study also included findings on the participants' relationship with the courthouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)