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Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dermatofibromas are benign tumors caused by fibroblasts and histiocytes, which are quite common in middle-aged adults. It is characterized by hard, single or multiple, papule, plaque or nodul-shaped lesions that are localized to the lower extremity. Many clinical and pathological variants of dermatofibroma have been identified. One of these variants is atrophic dermatofibroma. Atrophic dermatofibroma is generally seen in middle-aged women as lesions that collapse inward, showing placement on the upper part of the body and arms. It can be confused with morphea, atrophoderma, neurofibroma, localized lipoatrophy, healing panniculitis lesions, anetoderma, steroid atrophy, and basal cell carcinoma. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination as well as clinical findings. Positive immunohistochemical staining for factor XIIIa, as well as a negative reaction for CD34, support a diagnosis of dermatofibroma. A 38-year-old woman diagnosed with atrophic dermatofibroma is presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Diseases such as psychiatric disorders, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep disorders may coexist with MS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patients with MS for dermatological diseases. Methods: Forty-five patients who were diagnosed with relapsing remitting or progressive relapsing MS according to McDonald's criteria were included in the study. Detailed dermatological examination was performed. Results: Dermatological diseases diagnosed in MS patients were analyzed in 18 major groups. The six most frequently encountered diseases were; nevus (62.22%), hair diseases (60%), benign skin tumors (57.77%), oral mucosa diseases (55.55%), infectious dermatoses (48.88%), kserosis cutis (48.88%), respectively. Conclusion: We do not have enough data about the accompanying dermatological diseases of MS patients. Inflammatory pathways in MS etiopathogenesis, vitamin deficiencies and drugs used for treatment can lead to the presentation of dermatological findings. The comprehensive dermatological examination of MS patients is important because of early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous tumoral lesions are often clinically similar. Often it need to be diagnosed pathologically. The aim of this study was to evaluate together with the clinical appearance the pathologic diversity of the tumoral lesions need to be excised and that were admitted to the dermatology polyclinic. Methods: We were retrospectively evaluated the pathological diagnosis of 60 patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic with complaints of tumoral lesions. Results: The most common tumoral lesions were epidermal cyst (20%) and trichilemmal cyst (10%). Basal and squamous cell carcinomas were equally revealed (6.7%). Basosquamous cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma and chondroid syringoma, which are rare tumors, were observed in one patient (1.6%). Conclusions: Although some tumoral lesions are diagnosed by inspection, many lesions are similar to each other clinically, so pathologic diagnosis is needed. Surgical excision of these masses of dermatologists may contribute to both the development of differential diagnosis and occupational training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Intense studies have been conducted in the world for the purpose of protecting children from the sun and raising awareness of sun protection at early age. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate sun protection interventions for preschoolers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted under the guidance of PRISMA-P declaration. The articles were conducted in the study using the databases of Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Clinical Key/Elseiver, Ovid, MEDLINE and the terms of "Skin Neoplasms", "Sun Protection Factor", "Child, Preschool", "Randomized Controlled Trial" MeSH without any year restriction in March 2016. Randomized controlled studies applying sun protection steps at preschool education institutions and being conducted in English were included in the study. Results: In the systematic review, five research articles selected according to study criteria were examined and it was observed that the interventions were aimed at students, parents, teachers and school administrators. All of the studies were conducted between 1995-2007, four in the United States of America and one in Germany. Programs conducted in the articles were formed based on Piaget's cognitive development theory, Health Belief Model, and Social Learning Theory. In the programs, behaviors of children were observed at kindergartens and information and attitudes of kindergarten administrators, sun protection applications, facilities/obstacles/policies of school, sun protection behaviors of children from the perspective of parents, sun protection behaviors of teachers and parents for children and psychosocial variables were evaluated. Conclusion: The intervention was observed to be efficient in four out of these five researches included in the study. Due to the importance of sun exposure in childhood, the early development of sun protection awareness is extremely important. It is thought that this systematic review will prepare a basis for future studies by drawing attention to effective models in sun protection education for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of malignant melanoma (MM) and to determine their attitudes about sun protection in patients referred to family medicine policlinics. Methods: Our research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 241 voluntary patients aged 18 years and over referred to the Ankara Numune TRH Family medicine Outpatient Clinic Polyclinic between 1 September and 1 October 2016 were included in the study. In our survey, patients' sociodemographic characteristics, presence of malignant melanoma risk factors, attitudes towards sun protection were evaluated. Results: 58.9% of the patients were female, 41.1% were male and the average age was 32.1 ± 0,7. Patients stated that they learned information about sun protection from the internet, TV programs, newspapers magazines according to frequency. Participants' use of sunscreen in daily life was 54.4%, while regular users everyday were 16.2%. Sunscreen use was significantly higher in university graduated patients, women and participants informed by a dermatologist (respectively p=0,043; p<0.001 and p<0,001). According to presence of malignant melanoma risk factors, 17,8% of participants had 0, of 33,6% had 1; of 31,1% had 2; of 12,9% had 3; of 4,6% had 4. While no significant difference was found between the risk factors and its daily sunscreen use (p=0.339); a significant difference was found between the risk factors and sunscreen use in holiday (p=0.025). Conclusion: Regular use of sunscreen was found to be very low. Family physicians should be actively involved in raising awareness of sun-protection in patients, which is the only preventable risk factor of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of acral melanocytic nevi. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a total of 154 patients who were admitted to the department of dermatology at Dicle University Medical Faculty, between March 2009 and November 2009. The age range of patients was between 7 and 74 years. The patients were examined in terms of age, gender, skin types as well as anatomic localization, color, size, type, and dermoscopic patterns of the lesions and, whether the lesions were congenital or acquired (time of inception). Results: We retrospectively analyzed digital images of 235 acral melanocytic lesions in 154 patients (85 males and 69 females; mean age: 28.1 years). Two hundred and thirteen (91.6%) lesions were acquired while 22 (9.4%) were congenital. Individual lesions were located on the palms (n=112), fingers (n=66), and soles (n=57). Parallel furrow (58.7%) was the most common pattern, followed by lattice-like (13.6%), reticular (8.9%), homogeneous (6%), fibrillar (5.1%) and globular (1.7%) patterns, respectively. Parallel ridge pattern was not detected in our patients, however, two lesions showed multicomponent pattern. When dermoscopic patterns were compared in terms of localization of the lesions, parallel furrow pattern was found to be the most common one. However, the frequency of patterns which followed parallel furrows varied in some areas. This was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of our study are consistent with those reported in previous studies. However, reticular and homogeneous patterns were detected at higher proportion, while fibrillar pattern was detected at lower with respect to other studies. (Turkderm 2014; 48: 224-8) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cutaneous carcinosarcomas (CS) are extremely rare biphasic tumors mainly located on sun-exposed areas of the body. Two hypotheses- multiclonal (convergence) and monoclonal (divergence)-have been suggested for the evolution of these tumors. According to multiclonal hypothesis two or more stem cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin give rise to these tumors, while a single totipotential cell differentiate into epithelial and mesenchymal components, either synchronously or metachronously according to monoclonal hypothesis. Cutaneous CSs are subdivided into two distinct groups as epidermal and adnexal CSs, due to their epithelial content. We present an interesting case of cutaneous adnexal CS, showing peripheral nerve sheath differentiation and having the spiradenocarcinoma component derived from spiradenoma. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first reported case of CS with these features in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Our aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the rate of metastatic skin lesions among all skin and skin appendage tumors. Materials and Methods: We scanned the records of the histopathological diagnoses of all the skin tumors from the archives between 2006 to 2012 and recorded the data including age, gender, the diagnosis of internal malignancy, type of the cutaneous lesion, the location and the period between the appearance of the primary malignancies and cutaneous metastases. Results: We found that 20 (0.48%) of 4126 skin tumors were diagnosed as metastatic skin tumors. Ten patients were men and ten were women (median age: 51.3±18.34). When considered primary internal malignancies of these patients, 6 patients were diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignancy, 4 - with lung cancer, 4 - with breast cancer, 3 - with malignant melanoma, 1 - with Ewing's sarcoma, 1 - with acute myeloblastic leukemia and 1 patient was diagnosed with prostatic cancer. The clinical appearance of the tumors was as follows: nodule (14), eczematized plaque (2), papule (2), papulonodule (1), and 1 infiltrated plaque (1). The localizations of the metastatic skin lesions were as follows: 7 lesions on the anterior trunk, 5 - in the abdominal wall, 2 - on the back, 2 - on the thigh, 2 - on the scalp, 1 - on the anterior arm, and 1 lesion on the inguinal site. We found that 3 patients (15%) were diagnosed with metastatic skin tumors before the diagnosis of internal malignancies while 17 patients (85%) were found to have metastatic skin lesions 18.97±24.76 months (1.5 -109 months) after the diagnosis of internal malignancies. Conclusion: Cutaneous metastatic skin tumors are rarely seen skin lesions. We found that cutaneous metastatic skin tumors are mostly nodular and on trunk localization. It is important to recognize these tumors, because they can address primary internal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive diagnostic method that allows imaging of cells and structures in living skin at high resolution with precision almost similar to histological analysis. RCM allows the assessment of dynamic events in the epidermis, papillary dermis and the superficial reticular dermis. From the stratum corneum to a depth of a maximum of 350μm can be analysed. The noninvasive feature of this technique allows repetitive imaging without any damage to the affected area and to evaluate the response to the treatment. RCM provides great convenience in the assessment of normal skin and particularly in evaluating melanocytic lesions due to high contrast features of melanins and melanosomes. In this article, morphology of normal skin and features of melanocytic lesions are described with RCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Pilomatrixoma calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe is a rare, benign, limited, calcifying epithelial neoplasm that arises from the hair pluripotent precursor matrix cells. It is usually seen in the head and neck and the upper extremities, in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues as an asymptomatic nodule. In this study, we discuss the epidemiology of the tumor, clinical and histopathological findings, differential diagnosis and treatment outcome of pilomatrixoma in the light of our experiences with 20 cases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a total of 20 cases diagnosed with pilomatrixoma with a pathology evaluation after excisional biopsy of the subcutaneous mass at pediatric surgery clinics between 2005 and 2012. Results: Our 20 patients consisted of 12 females (60%) and 8 males (40%). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 9.6 years. There was a single nodule in 18 cases (90%) and two nodules in separate places in 2 cases (10%). The tumor localization was in the head and neck in 54.5%, the extremities in 31.8%, and the trunk in 13.6%. Conclusion: Pilomatrixomas are rare but usually seen in children and adolescents and this benign skin tumor can be treated with surgical excision. Histopathological and clinical features should be evaluated carefully to prevent missing the malignant form that carries a risk of recurrence and even metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC) according to the last 25 years' statistics of the country. The harmful effect of ultraviolet light is well-known and exposure especially in childhood has an important role in the pathogenesis. Having healthy individuals in sunny countries like the TRNC is related with the public knowledge and early gained behaviors. This study aims to determine the children's knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards sun, as well as the impact of familial attitudes on the behaviors of the children. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires about sun protection were applied to the children and their families in the most crowded elementary school in the TRNC. Seven questions for knowledge, 7 for attitudes, and 5 for behaviors of families as well as 6 questions for the children were prepared. Results: Forty-one percent of families were aware of the need of regular and continuous sun protection, while 21.8% thought sun protection is important only in early infancy. Families reported media (44.5%) as the most common source of their knowledge regarding sun protection. Most of the families thought that they had performed sufficient research and had applied sun protection correctly, whereas 33% of the families reported lack of application in daily life. Almost 65% of the families reported a "need for additional knowledge" and 85.4% were eager to join educations. Most of the children had knowledge about sunscreens, whereas 2.7% had no idea. The relation between knowledge, attitude and behaviors of parents and children was evaluated and found to be significant statistically (p<0.001). The consciousness level of children increases with the parental consciousness. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the Turkish population in the NC is aware of sun protection but needs more education. The parental impact on children's behaviors was shown and the necessity of early education starting in the family was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe drug reactions characterized by an extensive skin rash with blisters and exfoliation, accompanied by mucositis. The aim of this paper was to evaluate demographic and clinical features, prognosis and treatment in our patient group. Material and Method: A total of 20 consecutive patients with SJS and TEN diagnosed between 2000 and 2008 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 20 cases, 3 had SJS (15%), 5 had SJS-TEN overlap (25%) and 12 had TEN (60%). Oral mucosae was the most commonly affected site (%95) which was followed by conjunctivae ( 85%) while all mucosal surfaces were affected in 2 patients. Causative drugs, anticonvulsive drugs (5 cases), sulfasalazine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (6 cases), allopruninol (2 cases), anti-cancer therapy drugs (3 cases), amifostine (1 case) and ampicillin (1 case), were identified in 18 patients. Five of 20 patients died of severe sepsis and irreversible multiple organ failure. The age above 60 years, percentage of epidermal detachment above 70% of body surface area and associated malignancy were found to be statistically correlated with poor prognosis (p=0.035, p=0.005, p=0.015; respectively). Fourteen patients were treated with short courses of medium-dose corticosteroids. An objective response to corticosteroids therapy was observed in all patients and the survival rate was 100%. The mean delay between occurrence of eruption and the withdrawal of suspected drug was 2.2 days and the first dose of corticosteroids was 3.4 days. Conclusion: In our patients, the suspected causative agents were the most frequently implicated high-risk drugs for the disease. Old age, extensive skin lesions and associated malignancy were found to be correlated with poor prognosis. Our treatment results indicate that beside rapid withdrawal of suspected drug short courses of medium-dose corticosteroids may be an effective approach in the management of SJS and TEN patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma can be originated from different organs, including nasopharynx, larynx, stomach, salivary glands, lung, thymus, cervix and bladder. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignancy with low metastatic potential and is defined by a histologic picture simulating indifferentiated nasopharynx carcinoma. There are only a few case reports in the literature and the clinical features of the tumor are not well described. It presents usually with flesh-colored or reddish firm nodules and plaques which are nonspecific. The head and neck region is the predilection site of the tumor, but it can be seen in many other areas. We present here an 84-year-old male admitted to the dermatovenereology department with a slowly growing purplish-red asymptomatic plaque, 2x2 cm in diameter which was diagnosed as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin upon histopathologic examination. The tumor was excised and metastasis was not detected. Local recurrence was not observed in a one-year follow-up period. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin should also be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of slowly growing solitary nodules and infiltrated plaques. An other important feature of our case was the arm localization of the tumor which has been very rarely reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous leiomyomas are rare benign tumors arising from smooth muscle cells. The combination of cutaneous leiomyomatosis, uterine leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is referred to as "multiple cutaneous and Uterine Leiomyomatosis syndrome (Reed's syndrome)". A forty-five-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with multiple painful bumps on the body. Diabetes mellitus and hysterectomy operation due to leiomyoma were present in her past medical history. Dermatologic examination revealed multiple, painful, skin coloured-red papulonodules forming clusters on the bilateral lumbar region and a few lesions on the right arm and back. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed leiomyoma. Gabapentin therapy was initiated and in the one-month follow-up, it was observed that she had relief from pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilomatricoma (PM) is an asymptomatic, slowly growing, benign skin tumour originating from primitive cells of the hair matrix and hair shaft and appears mostly on the head, neck, and the upper extremities. Typical lesion is usually characterized by a solitary, firm, deep-seated dermal or subcutaneous nodule, covered by normal or erythematous skin, and usually varying in size from 0.5 to 3 cm. Bullous appearance can occur on the lesions of bullous PM and anetodermic PM which are located in the rare atypical forms of PM. Here, we present an 11-year-old girl with an anetodermic PM on her right arm that showed thick-walled flaccid bullous formation over it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, malignant cutaneous tumor. It usually appears on the sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck in the elderly. A 72-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of a big mass on her face. She described that the mass on her left cheek rapidly grew in three months. Her family and own medical history was unremarkable for skin cancers. On physical examination, there were no pathological findings except for a palpable submandibular lymphadenopathy. Dermatological examination revealed a giant tumoral lesion 9x9 cm in diameter, containing crusted and ulcerated areas on her left cheek. Histopathological examination of the specimen obtained from the lesion showed a neoplastic infiltration consisting small, atypic cells with big, round, hyperchromatic nucleus, narrow cytoplasms, and prominent nucleoulus in some areas, showing high mitotic activity. The neoplasm, which had apoptotic bodies and necrobiosis, also invaded the full thickness of the skin, and the epidermis was very thin. In immunochemistry, CK20 was strongly positive, S100 was focally positive, and EMA was positive, while synaptophysin, chromogranin, vimentin, CD3, CD20, as well as CD45, and CD99 were all negative. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having Merkel cell carcinoma. On the systemic screening for metastases, nodular lesions in the lungs compatible with metastases were detected on computed tomography. By the consultations with plastic and reconstructive surgeons and oncologists, she was accepted as inoperable and etoposide monotherapy was administered. In this report, we aimed to underline the importance of early diagnosis while presenting a case of giant Merkel cell carcinoma which shows an aggressive progression with lung metastases. (Turkderm 2012; 46: 98-100) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LS) is a superficial lymphatic malformation which consists of dilated lymphatic channels. Clinically, it presents as grouped translucent vesicles, which usually contain clear lymph fluid but may also contain red blood cells due to hemorrhage. It has been suggested that pulsed dye laser (PDL), which efficacy is known in vascular lesions, has also been successfully used for suchlympangiomas with hemorrhagic character. In the literature, two patients who had LS and whose lesions responded well to PDL treatment have been reported. Here, we describe a 14-year-old woman with LS who had vesicles on her left shoulder some of which showed hemorrhagic character and who gave an inadequate partial response to the treatment with PDL. (Turkderm 2012; 46: 107-9) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin tumour originating from hair matrix cells. It usually presents as a solitary nodule or cyst. Multiple lesions are rare and are familial in majority of cases. Anetodermic changes overlying pilomatrixomas have rarely been described. We report here an 18-year old girl with six pilomatrixomas. None of her family members had similar lesions. Three of the lesions which were located on the back and arm showed features of secondary anetoderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrokeratosis Verruciformis is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. Typically, the lesions are small, verrucous, flat papules on the dorsal aspects of the hands and feet, elbows and knees. Herein, we report a sporodic case of acrokeratosis verruciformis, succesfully treated with acitretin, and review of the literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of renal tumors in adults. So called adenocarcinoma of renal cells or hypernephroma. The most common type is clear cell carcinoma in 60% of cases. It is most common between the ages of 50 and 60. Skin metastases are very rare, but when seen, they show poor prognosis and systemic spread of the lesion. There was a large mass with a hemorrhage in the frontal region of the scalp in the patient seen in the thoracic surgery clinic. The patient had renal cell carcinoma and the right kidney was removed 3 years ago. He received pneumonia treatment in the infectious diseases clinic, but he was admitted to the thoracic surgery clinic for biopsy when there was no improvement. Renal cell carcinoma diagnosis was taken for the biopsy done. The dermatology and plastic surgery clinic was consulted for lesions in the frontal region. Excision was performed with an initial diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. Pathological diagnosis came as renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Lung, bone, skin, liver, and brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma is often shown in the literature. Prognosis is poor in these patients. The patient was discharged with healing, but according to the report from his relatives, he died 3 months after leaving the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroid syringoma is a rare skin appendageal tumor. It usually affects older male patients with a site predilection of head and neck region. Typical clinical presentation is a slow-growing, painless, firm cutaneous or intracutaneous nodule with 0.5-3cm diameter. A 53-year-old female patient presented with a progressively increasing swelling of 10 year-duration on the gluteal region with a rapid increase in the size during the last 2 years. The tumor was excised totally with the clinical diagnosis of lipoma. Gross examination showed a well-circumscribed, firm cutaneous nodule with a diameter of 6 cm. Histological examination revealed a cutaneous tumor consisting of tubular/ductus like structures in an abundant chondromyxoid stroma. Based on the histopathological findings, a diagnosis of chondroid syringoma was made. The case is reported because of its unusual localization and size with a review of relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]