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Water has a complex relationship with agricultural activities, economy, health, use of energy resources and hygiene. In parallel with climate change and population growth, the inadequacy of our water resources in the coming years is one of the major problems we are likely to face. Estimating how much of the available water can be used and how much the water potential will change in the future can enable more accurate water planning. The average flow, total precipitation and average temperature values of Tagar Stream Küçükkumluk and Porsuk Stream Porsuk Çiftliği Station were analyzed together and the river flow rate was estimated. Linear Regression, Support Vector, Decision Trees, Random Forest and Extra Trees methods were applied for flow estimation. In order to improve the performance of each of the applied models, a hybrid method was developed using Wavelet Transform. Approximately 65% of the dataset is divided into training, 15% validation and 20% test data. ETR was found to be the most successful prediction method with 70.8% for Tagar Stream Küçükkumluk and 67.67% for Porsuk Stream Porsuk Farm. The developed hybrid model increased the success rate for all methods; the highest increase was obtained in SVR method with 20.82% for Küçükkumluk and 30.64% for Porsuk Farm. The most successful method was obtained in the ETR method with 91.46% and 86.39%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing the variations in hydrological cycle components is essential for water resources planning and management. In this study, the relationship between the streamflow data belonging to five discharge gauging stations in the Eastern Black Sea Basin in Türkiye and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), East Atlantic-Western Russia (EAWR), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and North Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP) was investigated. For this purpose, Spearman’s correlation test, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and relative importance analysis were used. Accordingly, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between raw streamflow data, decomposed streamflow data via EEMD and atmospheric teleconnections. Then, the relative importance analysis was applied to determine the atmospheric teleconnections’ influences on streamflow data. The findings showed that the relationship between raw streamflow data and atmospheric teleconnections is generally more significant and negative in the winter and spring. Furthermore, it was observed that the linkage between the decomposed streamflow data and atmospheric teleconnections could differentiate. Although no significant correlation between atmospheric teleconnections and raw streamflow data was detected in some months, significant correlations were detected between atmospheric teleconnections and decomposed streamflow data. This reveals the importance of examining the relationship between atmospheric teleconnections and streamflow data for different periods. The relative importance analysis revealed that the influence of atmospheric teleconnections on streamflow data could change from station to station and from component to component. This study showed that investigating the effects of atmospheric teleconnections on streamflow data for different components and periods is important.

Copyright of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSİ Teknik Bülteni is the property of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSI Teknik Bulteni and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to explain the relief characteristics of the Kızılırmak Basin south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. For this purpose, the topographic position index, absolute height, hypsometric curve and integral, relative height, aspect, topographic openness, slope, slope length, slope form, terrain ruggedness, basin relief, relief ratio, and ruggedness number analyses were applied. It is also understood from morphometric parameters that the elements that determine the relief characteristics in the north of the study area are the high tectonic activity and lithological elements of the North Anatolian Fault. In the south, lithological and tectonically changing conditions and early established drainage systems toward the vicinity of Uğurludağ have led to the emergence of a more flattened and mature topography. The fact that the area around the Salur Strait in the south and the Hacıhamza Strait in the north, which separate these two different sections, shows some morphometric parameters related to ayoung topography indicates that the drainage relationship between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Central Anatolian Neogene lakes in the south was established in a very young geological past. Generally, the flow energy of the river basins is increased by the high values of terrain ruggedness index, basin relief, relief ratio, and ruggedness number. The highest of these parameters are found in the basins from Kös, İlgaz, Çal, and Saraycık mountains to the North Anatolian Fault Zone and Hacıhamza Fault Zone. All these suggest that tectonic influence on the relief properties of the work area is the most obvious factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of lnternational Journal of Geography & Geography Education is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent studies show that global atmospheric circulations are efficient on climate parameters. This study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between the streamflow data in Büyük Menderes/Gediz Basin and the global atmospheric oscillations such as the Southern Oscillation (SO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The average annual and seasonal flows at the current 5 stations located in Büyük Menderes basin and Gediz basin, whose measurements were made by the DSI in the 45 year period between 1970 and 2015 have been studied. Then, the relationship between NAO, AO, SO indices and streamflows was determined by correlation analysis. In addition, in order to obtain the periodic components, the original observed data were separated into their components by discrete wavelet transform. The correlations between the found wavelet components (D1, D2, D3, D4 and A) and atmospheric indices were examined. As a result, this study found that there is a strong negative correlation between the streamflow and the AO/NAO indices at the annual/winter and spring period. Moreover, the wavelet periodic components showed to the main factors for the relationship of the streamflow data with the global atmospheric patterns.

Natural elements with geological heritage characteristics are one of the undeniable touristic values of a country. Geological and geomorphological elements, which are unique or rare in the world, whose formation, development and location are seen as special, come to the fore in this sense. In this study, western province of Elazığ, whose unique geological-geomorphological values come to the fore; Euphrates Valley and its immediate surroundings are evaluated. The lower part of the Keban Strait, which has a length of 40 km where the Euphrates River flows from the Keban Dam to the Malatya Basin, is the area called Karaleylek Canyon. Saklıkapı Canyon is located to the east as a neighbor of this area. Eocene sediments which are eroded by the Euphrates River along with their tributaries are fundamental natural elements that have geoheritage character. The canyon valleys formed on the sediments in question, the landforms that arise from the eroding of streams and surface waters, karst landforms and rare rock fall specimens are an area unique landscapes coexist. The study area is a naturel heritage with its geological structure and geomorphological features as well as its nature and ecology. In the light of the data obtained by land observations, structures with geoheritage value are determined and classified and their formations were explained. As a result, the potential of Karaleylek and Saklıkapı Canyons to participate in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (GGN) is evaluated. If it is granted geopark status, it is hoped that this work will contribute to achieve many goals such as ensuring sustainable tourism and developing rural development in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, it is aimed to analyze the relations between the daily streamflow of Büyük Melen Stream (Düzce) and daily total precipitation and daily precipitation intensity. Considering the importance of Istanbul in meeting the drinking water needs and the potential to create a flood disaster as in 2019, it was found useful to analyze the daily changes in the flow values of the Büyük Melen Stream. Akçakoca daily precipitation data and Uğurluköy streamflow gauge station daily streamflow data were used as data set in the study. The deficiencies in the streamflow data were completed by regression analysis using Beyler streamflow gauge station data. As a method in the study, firstly, the relationships between daily total precipitation and daily flow data were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis. Then, the total daily precipitation was classified as light, normal, moderate, heavy, and very heavy precipitation. Deviation of daily flow values from the previous day for each precipitation intensity class was determined as a percentage. There is a positive correlation between daily total precipitation and flow values in all months for the period average. While the correlation coefficients are highest in January, October, and December with 0.44, the lowest correlation coefficient is in May with 0.15. According to the precipitation intensity classes, the positive effect of the daily total precipitation on the flow was determined as 5.8% for light precipitation, 35.2% for normal precipitation, 66.8% for moderate precipitation, 168.1% for heavy precipitation, and 52.5% for very heavy rains.

In this study, trend analysis of monthly and annual streamflow drought index (SDI) of 7 streamflow gauging stations in Yeşilırmak basin was performed. The Mann-Kendall (MK), Şen Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) and Thiel Sen Approach (TSA) methods were used to reveal drought trends. Before applying the MK test, the effect of the lag-1 serial dependence of the SDI series was eliminated with the trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) procedure. Trend analyzes were evaluated according to statistical significance levels of 1% and 5%. As a result, it has been revealed that ITA is superior to the MK test in terms of showing the change of hydrological drought trends graphically in the desired range and expressing the trends more precisely. In addition, it has been determined that hydrological drought trends, increase in monthly and annual time periods are dominant in the study area. For this reason, actions such as managing drought risks, measures against drought and early warning systems should be implemented in an integrated manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to investigate the response of streamflows (Q) to changes in precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (Ep) and drought index within the Euphrates-Tigris basin. For this purpose, 37 sub-basins that are not affected by dams were identified within the basin. Here, the sensitivity of annual average streamflows to precipitation, Ep and drought index was evaluated by the climate elasticity method proposed by Schaake [1]. With this method, the average values of the precipitation and Ep sensitivity coefficients of the streamflow (eP and eEp, respectively) throughout the basin were calculated as 1.50 and -0.50, respectively. Therefore, it is observed that a 10% increase (decrease) in precipitation would lead to an average increase (decrease) of 15% in streamflow, on the other hand, a 10% increase (decrease) in Ep would result in an average decrease (increase) of 5% in streamflow across the basin. Moreover, the average value of sensitivity coefficient of streamflow to drought index (eØ) was determined as -0.47, which means that a 10% increase in the drought index will result in an average decrease of 4.7% in streamflow within the basin. Additionally, it is observed that there is a nonlinear inverse correlation between the climate change sensitivity coefficients (i.e., eP, |eEp| and |eØ|) and the flow coefficient (Q/P) values of the sub-basins indicating that the decrease in streamflow would increase the sensitivity of streamflow to climatic changes. Finally, it was determined that there exist relative increases in eP, |eEp| and |eØ| values from high to low elevations across the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The daily streamflow values have a great influence on the design and operation of water structures. Development of a method capable of predicting future short-time current flow providing control of water structures in operation, hydroelectricity generation, environmental protection and flood control can provide appropriate management for producers, users and the people of the region. In this study, the Haldizen Stream streamflow values were estimated using Multivariable Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and compared with the result of Classical Regression Analysis (CRA). For this purpose, daily flow data measured between 1998 and 2009 of the Haldizen Stream Şerah Stream Observation Station located in the Eastern Black Sea Basin were used. With this study, it is concluded that the result of MARS method give a better than those of KRA method and can be used in estimating flow values. This study is thought to be useful in energy planning on the river and also in the design of water conservation plans planned to be made in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSİ Teknik Bülteni is the property of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSI Teknik Bulteni and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parametric approaches in statistical analysis assume that any given data are normally distributed. Therefore, the test of whether this conventional assumption is valid should be made in this context of the available data’s normality before being passed to the application of statistical tests. The paper is focused on the normality methodologies commonly used in literature, named Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Jarque-Bera, D’agostino, Anderson Darling, Shapiro-Wilk and Ryan Joiner. In the study, the seasonal maximum data from eight streamflow gauging stations in Yesilirmak Basin was used as material. The normality in the 59% of the whole data sets were obtained as the highest result by the Kolmogorov –Smirnov approach, when compared to the other normality tests considered in the study.

A consequence of erratic and rapid urbanization has been to destroy nature instead of taking advantage of it. This has meant that the structure of water systems in urban areas has become degraded and detached from the city, which in turn has led to stream flow regime changes, flood increases with infiltration decrease, groundwater level decreases, deterioration in stream biology and reduction in recreational value. The aim of the study is to reemphasize, taking an ecological viewpoint, the sustainable value of the rivers, following the pressure they have undergone due to urbanization. In this reevaluation, the river was considered as having two components: a water zone and an edge zone, within which the evaluation channel structure and the natural riverbed in the water zone were examined. The edge zone was divided into five different regions, according to urban density, and the effects of the uses of the land in terms of ecological indicators were calculated. Quantitative evaluation and key process analysis, based on land uses, have revealed that rapid urbanization and intensive agricultural activities have had a detrimental effect on the ecological qualities of Ankara Stream. It has been determined that the ecological potential for recovery is 21% for the short-term restoration plan, and 65% for the longterm restoration plan, and, as a result, environmental planning and management strategies have been introduced for the recovery of Ankara River for the benefit of both the environment and the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of Hydrobiology is the property of NK Yayincilik Egitim Hizmetleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSİ Teknik Bülteni is the property of DSI Technical Bulletin / DSI Teknik Bulteni and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adiyaman University Journal of Science & Technology / Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Adiyaman University, Institute of Science / Adiyaman Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Statement of the Problem: Nowadays, it is noteworty that global climate change and its associated with water source variability. For this reason, studies on surface water is of great importance for planning water resorces. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study is the put out the current trend of Pupa, Hoyran and Gelendost rivers flowing into the Lake Eğridir which are located in province of Isparta, and determine the effect of the rainfall on the trend. Streamflow trend is important that gives impressions for future about nutritional condition of Lake Eğirdir which is the root of natural life and one of the water resourse in the region. Methods: For this purpose, Pupa, Hoyran and Gelendost gauging stations and Gençali, Senirkent and Eğirdir weather stations were anayazed. Non-parametric Mankendall (MK) trend test was used to determine decrease or increase in the mounthly and annual data sets, and also Sequenal Mann-kendall Coralation Statistic was utilized for define the start time of posibble trends. Seasonal Mann-Kendall test is apllied for show the seasonal changes except normality reason at the time series. Spearman's coralation test and Kendall tau rank corelatian tests were choosen for represent precipitation effect on the streamflow. Finding and Results: The results show that there isn't establish a significant trend in precipitation however there is significant downward trend in sellected streamflow in some month, although there isn no trend in annual mean streamflow. Assuming that these decrease trends are shown in all other discontinous steams which flow into the Lake Eğirdir, it can be said that lake's ecosystem and biodiversity will be affected by decreasing streamflows. Suggestions: Decreasing trend of streamflows is important for planning and management, and should be taken into account for water resource management. If the using of water don't be controled, ecosystem of Lake Eğirdir will be in jeopardy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A drought analysis is carried out for Aksaray city by utilizing a recently developed drought index namely "Aggregate Drought Index (ADI)" in this study. Among the numerous drought indices in the literature, the one widely used and accepted for drought studies is a Standardized Precipitation Index, (SPI). ADI and SPI are calculated for Aksaray and differences are compared in this study. In order to assess the ADI, 372 monthly values of precipitation, streamflow, evapotranspiration and temperature data are used for the duration of 1969- 2000 period. Monthly total volume of Karasu river data near Aksaray is utilized for streamflow data. SPI is on the other hand depends only on precipitation values and it can be interpreted easily. Therefore the attention is brought on the differences in the results of two drought indices. In the second part of the study, SPI analysis is carried out for the period of 1950-2008 for multiple time scales which is associated for long term anomalies of streamflow and precipitation parameters. Frequent upcrossings in the ADI series results of wet and dry seasons were obtained and more pronounced severe wet seasons than SPI series are observed. In monthly comparison of ADI and Karasu flow data, there are better consistencies in the months of April and May and poorest fit in February and October monthly results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Black Sea River Basin is one of the 26 river basins in Turkey, it is formed by sub basins and analogous rivers to each other. Especially Çağlayan, Arili and Firtina streams have national and international importance about their different ecological features. Çağlayan stream flows in Rize province's Findikli district and comes up from Kaçkar Mountain's climaxs. It reaches to Black Sea by the way it interacts with different ecosystems in the valley. This interaction soured after the years of industry revolution paralel to technological improvments and rapid increases in the population. Human-induced activities, rises the impressions over the rivers, East Black Sea Basin is in danger which is one of the most valuable basin of Turkey about water sources. In this study, the existing ecosystems in Çağlayan valley are determined. For using the valley in a sustainable way, policies are improved about land uses, settlements, agriculture activities, tourism and especially for decrease and prevent potential damages about the planned hydroelectric power stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed between December 2008 and November 2009 in the Berdan River (Tarsus-Mersin), to investigate relationship between different river flow and the some physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature (Te), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (Sa), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results showed that some physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Sa, TH, TA and DO were correlated with river flow; however, no relationship was observed between river flow and Te and TSS. It was also evident that these parameters were found to be higher during the low-flow (December 2008, January 2009, October 2009) periods whereas lower values were detected during the high-flow (March 2009, April 2009, May 2009) periods of the river basins inspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, estimation of Akarçay flow using data of DSİ (State Hydraulic Works) flow and of DMİ (State Meteorology Works) meteorologic in Artificial Neural Network model, and investigation properties of ANN was purposed. In modeling, 6 flow observation stations' data with month and year order numbers were used. All data uniformised between 0-1, and moreover the observed data were normalised. Neuron number, learning and momentum rates in large range were examined in a ANN model with three layer. At the end of modeling studies, the models which month order numbers were used as training data, were successful than the other models which used observation as trainings data. Neuron numbers and learning rates, which are two of the undetermined parameters in YSA studies, in selected models have different values in optimum models. But, momentum rate which the other undefined parameter was 0,9 in most model. Though, ANN usually has good results in flow modeling, but, because of interaction in network structure is unknown exactly, preferring the conceptual and/or statistical methods should be reasonable alternative in case the conditions were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of International Law & Politics / Uluslararasi Hukuk ve Politika is the property of International Strategic Research Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A framework that integrates two data-driven techniques is proposed and developed to assess fecal coliform loadings in natural streams. A relationship between transport medium (streamflow) and non-conservative pollutant (fecal coliform) load is first developed using conventional regression technique. The spatial distribution of the fecal load over watersheds is then captured using artificial neural networks through a disaggregation scheme. Streamflow, as a surrogate for non-conservative fecal load, has been used in the disaggregation process. The framework is applied to an area that encompasses four USGS 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watersheds in the southeastern region of Kentucky, USA. The study attempts to address two major issues: (i) assessment of relative pollutant loads from watersheds and (ii) evaluation into possible reduction in the number of monitoring stations to meet the budgetary constraints. Preliminary results indicate the potential of this approach in assessing the relative fecal loading contribution from different watersheds with the help of conservative hydrological parameters, especially in data-poor conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]