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Antipsychotics are the drugs that most frequently cause prolactinemia among the psychiatric drug groups. When prolactin eleva tion is mentioned, it is generally considered as a side effect related to antipsychotics. However, prolactin elevation is also observed in the clinic due to the use of antidepressants. It is important to identify prolactinoma via drugs and to review treatment options. In our case, prolactin elevation of patient with pituitary adenoma was reported after the use of sertraline. Although the patient had adenoma, sertraline was found to be the cause of elevated prolactin. In a patient presenting with elevated prolactin, medications and their effect on prolactin levels are among the first issues to be evaluated.

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Vaccines are one of the promising approaches to control the pandemic. The aim of this study, which was conducted on healthcare workers who previously were or were not infected with COVID-19, was to evaluate the undesirable effects that developed after the CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China). Methods: Volunteers who were administered the first dose of inactivated CoronaVac vaccine between January 14-24, 2021, were included in this retrospective study. Demographic information was obtained from the questionnaire results and from the data of the applications made due to side effects. Results: 911 healthcare workers, 232 of whom had a history of COVID-19 were included in the study. The mean age of those with a history of COVID-19, was 36 (20-66), and 33.6% were men. 26.7% were doctors, 34.9% were nurses, 155 (66.8%) worked in internal and 62 (26.7%) in surgical units. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, task, and the departments they worked in. Comorbidities were present in 25.9% of the group with a history of COVID-19; the most common disease was asthma (5.6%). Allergy history was 4.3% in the group with COVID-19 and 7.8% in the other group (p=0.070). The incidence of post-vaccine adverse events (62.9%) was higher in those with a history of COVID-19 than in those without (57.1%). The most common adverse event was a headache, and it was significantly higher in the group who had COVID-19 compared to those who had not (36.6% vs. 27.7%; p=0.01). Conclusion: In our study, we observed that the rates of undesirable effects after vaccination were high in individuals with a history of COVID-19. Although it is thought that this situation may be related to the developing antibody response rates, the insufficient number of cases and the lack of determination of the antibody response after infection and vaccination are a disadvantage of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor in infants. Although most IHs regress spontaneously, complicated IHs require treatment. Currently, propranolol has become the first-line therapy for managing IH. This study aims to evaluate patients who’ve been hospitalized and started propranolol treatment in order to assess how to follow the treatment process as well as the effectiveness and safety of the treatment in light of the current literature. Materials and Methods: 48 patients who were hospitalized for IH and started propranolol treatment between June 2012 and December 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The cases were examined in terms of pretreatment laboratory tests, cardiological evaluation, imaging methods, age, gender, hemangioma location, treatment indication, side effects and treatment efficacy. Results: The mean age of starting treatment was 6 months (range=2-146 months) in the total of 48 cases (nfemale=32, nmale=16), with 30% of the cases having a history of preterm delivery. No pathology was detected in 38 (90%) of the 42 patients who’d been assessed using cranial USG before treatment. Corpus callosum agenesis was detected in one patient, hydrocephalus in one patient, and choroid plexus cyst in one patient. Abdominal ultrasonography were normal in 89% of the 47 assessed patients, renal agenesis was found in one patient, and hepatic hemangiomas were detected in four patients (9%). Indications for treatment were rapid growth (44%), ulcerated hemangioma (29%), and giant hemangioma (27%). Mean duration of treatment was 15.3±7.9 months. Duration of treatment in giant hemangiomas was significantly longer compared to the other indications (p<0.05). According to clinical evaluation, propranolol treatment was found to be effective in 88% of patients. No life-threatening side effects were observed. Bradycardia and arrhythmia were detected in two patients, but treatment was continued as they resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Propranolol treatment was found to be effective and safe for treating infantile hemangioma. In patients with a normal physical examination and no risk regarding anamnesis, initiating treatment under surveillance at hospital and evaluating routine ECG and ECO before treatment might not be absolutely necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vaccination is the most effective way to control the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between antibody titers and vaccine side effects after the BNT162b2 vaccine was administered as a reminder dose in healthcare workers (HCW) who received two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine name CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China). Methods: A total of428 HCWs participated in the study. Participants who received the mRNA vaccine as a reminder dose were evaluated with a questionnaire regarding antibody values and vaccine side effects. Three weeks after the first BNT162b2 vaccine, the same questionnaire was applied face-to-face to HCW, and the same questionnaire was applied to those who received a second reminder dose via telephone. Results: Out of428, 373 (87.1%) HCWs preferred one and 55 (12.9%) two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine as reminder doses after being vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. It was observed that side effects were more frequent in women aged 18-40 after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (p<0.001). The most common side effects are redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site, with a rate of 59.6%. Fatigue-weakness was the most common systemic reaction, with a rate of 58.6%. Axillary lymphadenopathy was observed seen in 3 (1.1%) HCWs. The median value of IgG titers in the third week after the reminder dose was found to be higher in HCW with side effects than those without side effects (p<0.001). When the cumulative incidence rate of vaccinated people was evaluated over 389 people, no cases were observed on the 14th and 30th days after the first reminder dose of BNT162b2. However, the first case was observed on the 60th day, and after the second reminder dose, cases were seen on the 14th, 30th, and 60th days. Conclusion: Since the side effects detected after the BNT162b2 reminder dose were mild to moderate and progressed with local symptoms, it was concluded that highly protective mRNA vaccines could be safely preferred for protection from COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Secukinumab is an effective treatment option in moderate-to-severe plaque type psoriasis. However, there are a few real-life data studies comparing the efficacy of 150 mg and 300 mg dosages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab at 150 mg and 300 mg in clinical practice in chronic plaque type psoriasis patients attending our center. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 33 patients consecutively treated with secukinumab 150 mg or 300 mg for a minimum threemonth period were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment response was defined as the achievement of a minimum psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) 75 response at week 12. Results: Eighteen (55.5%) of the patients were men. The mean duration of the disease was 20±9.38 (1-40) years. Most (75.7%) patients had previously received at least one biological therapy. Seventeen patients were treated with 300 mg and 14 with 150 mg during the induction and maintenance periods. Two patients received induction therapy at 150 mg and maintenance therapy at 300 mg. At week 12, PASI 75, 90, and 100 responses were achieved in 78.8%, 66.7%, and 22.3% of patients, respectively. Treatment responses were similar between patients receiving 150 mg and 300 mg, and also between biologic naive and non-naive patients (p>0.05). Adverse events were observed in three patients, but these did not necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion: Secukinumab at doses of 150 mg and 300 mg is a fast-acting, effective and safe treatment option in patients with chronic plaque type psoriasis, both biologic naive and non-naive.

Amaç: Çalışmamızda farklı antidepresan gruplarının cinsel yan etkiler, daha az bilinen uyku bruksizmi ve nörolojik yan etkiler açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 18-50 yaş aralığında, depresif bozukluklar ve/veya anksiyete bozuklukları tanısı ile ayaktan tedavi gören, 1 aydan uzun süredir antidepresan monoterapisi alan 406 hasta oluşturmaktadır. Tüm hastalara; sosyodemografik veri formu, Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği (HAM-D), Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği (HAM-A), UKU Yan Etki Değerlendirme Ölçeği nörolojik yan etkiler bölümü, Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği (ACYÖ) ve Morisky İlaç Uyum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan antidepresanlar; seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri (SSGİ), serotonin norepinefrin geri alım inhibitörleri (SNGİ ve vortioksetin olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: YAB tanılı hastalarda SNGİ kullananların UKU nörolojik yan etkiler ortalama puanı SSGİ kullananlardan anlamlı olarak yüksek belirlendi. Depresif bozukluk tanılı hastalarda; ilaç tedavisine yeterli uyum sırasıyla %91.3 oranında vortioksetin, % 73.8 oranında SSGİ ve %50 oranında SNGİ kullanan hastalarda belirlendi ve üç grup arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Sonuç: Antidepresan ilaç grupları bazı yan etkiler ve tedavi uyumu açısından birbirinden farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Antidepresan kaynaklı uyku bruksizmi ve hareket bozuklukları gibi daha az bilinen yan etkilerin daha iyi anlaşılması için prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

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Amaç: Bu çalışmada remisyondaki şizofreni ve bipolar bozukluk hastalarında depo antipsikotik kullanmanın etkinliği ve güvenirliğinin sosyodemografik özellikler, ilaç yan etkileri, hastalık şiddeti, yaşam kalitesi ve diğer klinik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Psikiyatri polikliniğinde izlenen DSM-IV TR ölçütlerine göre şizofreni ve bipolar tip I bozukluk tanısı konan ve çalışmaya katılım ölçütlerini karşılayan, remisyon dönemindeki 100 bipolar bozukluk, 100 şizofreni hastası ardışık olarak çalışmaya alınmıştır. Şizofreni ve bipolar grubu depo antipsikotik kullanan ve kullanmayan olarak ikişer gruba ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılar Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, MINI Uluslarararası Psikiyatrik Görüşme, UKU Yan Etki Ölçeği, Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KPDÖ), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Kısa Formu Türkçe Versiyonu (WHOQOL-BREF) ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Depo nöroleptik kullanan ve kullanmayan tüm hastalar ek psikiyatrik tanı, ailede ruhsal hastalık, ailede intihar öyküsü açısından farklılaşmamaktadır. Hastalar intihar girişimi ve EKT öyküsü açısından depo antipsikotik kullananlar ve kullanmayanlar olarak karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Kronik hastalarda depo ilaç kullanımının etkinliği incelendiğinde, intihar girişimi ve EKT kullanımında azalma olacak şekilde görüldüğü ve depo antipsikotik kullanımının yan etkilerinin de oral kullanımı ile benzer olduğunu göstermektedir.

Pseudolymphoma, also known as Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration, is a benign but usually chronic, T-cell infiltrating disease with erythematous papules and plaques usually seen on the skin of the face, neck, and back. The use of leech therapy also known as hirudotherapy has increased in recent years. Here, we report a 52-year-old male patient who had undergone hirudotherapy in his neck and developed infiltrating plaques after four months. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration. In parallel with the increasing use of hirudotherapy in recent years, the side-effect reports will likely to increase. Indications and contraindications of hirudotherapy, which is being used officially in hospitals, should be taken into consideration.

Objective: Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU-SERS) is a clinician-rated semi-structured interview scale. It was developed for assessing the side effects of psychopharmacological medications. It is widely used all over the world. In the study, we aim to examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the UKU-SERS in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: The patient sample consisted of 205 (82 female, 123 male) patients with schizophrenia under maintenance treatment. To investigate the internal consistency of the scale and its subscales, corrected item-total correlations were examined to establish the effect on the Cronbach coefficients and internal consistency. Factorial structure was investigated using the Principal Component Analysis. Results: The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) were 0.76 for female and 0.82 for male. Correlations of the items individually with the total scores were between 0.17-0.71. Exploratory factorial analysis and varimax rotation results showed that the scale provided a four-factor structure. Additionally, we confirmed the factorial validity by identifying a four-factor structure that explained 63.1-55.4% of the total variance. Conclusions: Findings with respect to internal consistency, item-total correlation, and factorial structure for the UKU-SERS show that the scale is acceptable in terms of validity and reliability for the patients with schizophrenia in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical progress, the drug side effects and the relationship between clinical variables and the clinical progress of patients with psychotic disorder who use oral antipsy-chotic (OA), long-acting antipsychotic (LAA) and combination of two forms (OA+LAA). Method: The variables of 250 patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were analyzed retrospectively from the patient database. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive symptoms (SAPS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) measurements, clinical variables related to the disease and adverse effects were recorded in the database. The analysis was performed between three groups according to antipsychotic use as OA, LAA (2-4 weeks), OA+LAA with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Results: In OA+LAA users, BPRS scores were higher than those using OA or LAA. In OA users, the SAPS and SANS scores were lower and GAF scores were higher than those using OA+LAA. In 4-week LAA users, BPRS scores were higher than those using OA and 2-week LAA. Those with OA had lower SANS, SAPS scores than those with 4-week LAA, and GAF scores were higher than those using LAA for 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Discussion: In our study, it was found that combination therapy with LAA was more preferred in clinically severe cases. The use of LAA may lead to the use of multiple and high-dose drugs, unlike the intended use. Evidence-based data are needed in treatment algorithms in cases with low treatment response, including the use of long-acting forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choosing the right treatment for tobacco dependence increases the chance of success. We aimed to determine the independent variables that may predict the success of smoking cessation in patients receiving pharmacotherapy other than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and to compare the effectiveness/side effects of treatments. The sample comprised 466 adult patients admitted to our smoking cessation clinic between 2015 and 2019, who started non-NRT treatment, and whose results were known and compatible with the treatment. Logistic regression analysis (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p=0.52) demonstrated the independent variables that reduce the success of smoking cessation: a Fagerström nicotine addiction test score above 8 (p=0.001, OR=1.9, CI=1.29-2.90), negative properties (depressive complaints and reluctance to quit smoking; p=0.009, OR=2.2, CI=1.21-3.99), and a short smoking period (p=0.006, OR=0.97, CI=0.95- 0.99). Varenicline and Bupropion treatments were not superior to each other, and their side effects were similar. This study, to determine the group wherein the success of smoking cessation was low, provides insights into topics for further research to increase the chance of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is a standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conventional laser (CL) therapy is performed in one or more sessions in single spot mode. Visual disabilities have been reported after treatment with CL, including central vision loss due to macular edema and peripheral visual field loss resulting from extensive inner retinal scarring. Multispot laser (MSL) photocoagulation has recently been introduced to clinical practice. Studies comparing PRP conducted with MSL and CL have reported that MSLs resulted in less retinal tissue damage and pain, and greater patient comfort compared to CL. The aim of this review was to compare the efficacy and side effects of MSLs and CLs for diabetic retinopathy treatment.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in various indications. The side effects of these drugs are also must well known. In this study, we aimed to present a case report of a 50-year-old female with unilateral periocular hemorrhage after taking 100 mg oral flurbiprofen. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to distinguish differential diagnosis causing periocular hemorrhage on ophthalmic examination. The absent of all kind of trauma was questioned in detail. In the imaging, only soft-tissue edema around the left eye was observed. Laboratory values were normal except a mild elevation of the lactate dehydrogenase and c-reactive protein. Symptomatic treatment was planned. In the follow-up visit; control biochemical and hematologic parameters were normal. Periocular hemorrhage was regressed. Hemorrhagic skin lesions should be kept in mind as a rare drug side effect of flurbiprofen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and tolerability of depot antipsychotic use in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in remission and to compare these patient groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, drug side effects, disease severity and other clinical variables. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 100 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder who are improved taken into the study. Schizophrenia and bipolar group were divided into two groups according to depot antipsychotic use and non-use. Schizophrenia patients' group and the bipolar disorder group were both administered the following battery of tests: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (The Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: All patients using and not using long acting neuroleptics do not differ in terms of additional psychiatric diagnosis, family history of mental illness, family history of suicide. There was a significant difference between the patients using and not using the depot antipsychotic in terms of ECT story and suicide attempt. Conclusion: Examination of the efficacy of depot drug use in chronic patients shows that reduction of suicide attempt and in use of ECT are similar, and side effects of depot antipsychotic use are similar to oral use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the number of patients using the types of drugs in question here has significantly increased. A study carried out in relation with the long-term use of psychotropic drugs shows that the consumption of this group of drugs has substantially increased in terms of variety and quantity. In this paper, we present our review of the literature pertaining to ocular complications of psychotropic drugs in long-term treatment profile of numerous patients. If the doctor and the patients are informed about the eye problems related to the use of psychotropic drugs, potential ocular complications can be easily prevented, supervised, and controlled and can even be reversed. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 144-50)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and escitalopram belonging to this group, are commonly used antidepressants for their low side-effect profiles. Despite their low side-effect profiles, there are numerous studies and case reports showing that SSRIs can cause bleeding abnormalities. We are presenting a case with depression diagnosis that is followed with escitalopram treatment, and where after raising drug dose from 10 mg/day to 15 mg/day large-scale spontaneous ecchymotic lesions are advanced in both arms of the patient; and when the dose was lowered to well tolerated 10 mg/day, ecchymotic lesions gradually declined. Our case is important because it suggests that ecchymotic lesions may occur after use of escitalopram, depending to drug dosage. So this finding supports studies where SSRIs were found to cause bleeding side effects that could develop due to drug dosage. Many assumptions have been put forward to explain the mechanisms by which SSRIs lead to bleeding abnormalities; however there is no consensus on the subject yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine side effects, and medication adherence in patients who were diagnosed with major depression utilized antidepressants. This study was conducted in outpatient psychiatry clinic between February 2013 and May 2013. 'Toronto Side Effects Scale' and 4-item Morisky-Green-Levine Medication Adherence Scale were evaluated. Fifty-six major depression patients (mean of age: 40.82 ± 14.28 years old; male/female: 13/43) were included in this study. Patients were treated with escitalopram (46.4%), sertraline (26.8%), venlafaxine (10.7%), citalopram (8.9%) and paroxetine (7.1%). The most common side effects that patients reported were drowsiness/daytime somnolence (57.1%), dry mouth (46.4%) and increased sleep (46.4%), increased appetite (37.5%) and malaise or fatigue (30.4%). The most severity side effects that patients experienced were drowsiness/daytime somnolence (25%), increased sleep (19.6%) and decreased libido (14.3%). Only fifteen (26.8%) patients were found high adherent to their medication. It was concluded that although the frequency and severity of side effects have been found high, the percentage of patients' medication adherence has been obtained low. Patient education and monitoring regarding side effects and medication adherence providing by pharmacists would be contributed to prevent possible drug induced problems in these patients besides the routine services they are taken from outpatient clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the number of patients using the types of drugs in question here has significantly increased. A study carried out in relation with the long term use of psychotropic drugs shows that the consumption of this group of drugs has substantially increased in terms of variety and quantity. This compilation is arranged in accordance with the ocular complications of psychotropic drugs in long term treatment profile of numerous patients to the results of related literature review. If the doctor and the patients are informed about the eye problems related to the use of psychotropic drugs, potential ocular complications can be easily prevented, supervised and controlled and can even be reversed. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 270-7)

omorbid psychiatric disorders, frequent hospitalization, multiple outpatient treatment, prior history of hypertension, obesity and lipid dysregulation are associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in children. Side effects of antipsychotic drugs and their management have recently become a major subject of research due to enhanced antipsychotic drug usage in child and adolescents. Prevention strategies are usually preferred to secondary or tertiary strategies in the management of metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic drugs. Clinicians should present multidisciplinary approach to endocrine and metabolic side effects due to antipsychotic use in pediatric patient groups and avoid multiple drug use in such patients. In this paper, we briefly reviewed metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotic drugs in child and adolescent population, possible mechanisms of susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment approach to prevention of weight gain.

Lithium is an alkaline ion being used since 19th century. After its widespread use in psychiatric disorders, observed side effects caused skepticism about its therapeutic efficacy. Despite several disadvantages, lithium is one of the indispensible drugs used in affective disorders, especially in bipolar disorder. It became a necessity for physicians to recognize its side effects since lithium is still accepted as a gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Adverse effects of chronic administration of lithium on several organ systems are widely known. In this article metabolic effects of lithium on thyroid and parathyroid glands, body mass index and kidneys will be discussed along with their mechanisms, clinical findings, possible risk factors and treatment. One of the most common side effect of lithium is hypothyroidism. It has the same clinical and biochemical properties as primary hypothyroidism and observed as subclinical hypothyroidism in the first place. Hypothyroidism, even its subclinical form, may be associated with non-response or inadequate response and is indicated as a risk factor for development of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Therefore, hypothyroidism should be screened no matter how severe it is and should be treated with thyroid hormone in the presence of clinical hypothyroidism. Weight gain due to lithium administration disturbs the compliance to treatment and negatively affects the course of the illness. Increased risk for diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke because of weight gain constitute other centers of problem. Indeed, it is of importance to determine the risk factors before treatment, to follow up the weight, to re-organize nutritional habits and to schedule exercises. Another frequent problematic side effect of lithium treatment is renal dysfunction which clinically present as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with the common symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus develops because of urinary concentration defects due to the detrimental effects of lithium on re-absorption of water and sodium at the level of collector tubules. Close screening of renal functions is very important in the prevention of renal damage during treatment with lithium. Moreover, it is also of importance to screen serum lithium levels as lithium intoxication episodes may increase the risk of renal failure. As a conclusion lithium still preserves its indispensability in affective disorders. Clinicians should have current knowledge about the side effects of lithium and take preventive measures to apply such an important treatment to the patients.

Peripheral edema is associated with multiple medical etiologies (systemic disorders, hypoproteinemia, long-term immobility, cancer diseases) and drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensives, steroids, and immunsupressive agents). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication approved for treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and other psychiatric disorder. Olanzapine-induced side effects is also presented with weight gain, drowsiness, asthenia, constipation, dyspepsia, dry mouth, and dizziness. Olanzapine-induced edema formation mechanisms at the level of information about the ongoing assumptions and olanzapine-induced receptor is reported to be associated with the profile. In this case report, a case of olanzapine-induced peripheral edema, not known more than the other side effects of olanzapine has been presented and probable mechanisms of edema has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of deodorant use on breast cancer development has generated considerable interest in both the scientific community and the mainstream media. Primary observational studies and numerous reviews investigating the effect of regular deodorant use on breast cancer development have been undertaken. There is no consensus in this regard. Some epidemiological studies have attempted to directly address the issue of underarm cosmetic use and breast cancer. On the other hand, many studies found no association between antiperspirant use and the risk of breast cancer. There is no difference in the current use of antiperspirant/deodorant products between breast cancer patients and nonaffected matched controls. There is no scientific evidence or research data that ingredients in underarm antiperspirants or deodorants cause cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, biologic agents are used frequently in various clinical settings, besides being used initially in oncology units. In these developing area, among health care team nurses have major responsibilities in administration of biologic agents and management of patients receiving biologic agents. In this review we focused on responsibilities of nurses in use and management of IL-2 which is one of the biologic agents that are commonly used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly used for ADHD symptoms in children with ASD. However, these children are reported to be more sensitive to side effects of MPH. The most common side effects of MPH are insomnia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain. Visual hallucinations are rarely seen during MPH treatment. In this paper, we report a 10-year-old male patient with ASD who presented with visual hallucinations during treatment with immediate-release MPH. MPH can cause psychotic symptoms especially in the presence of comorbid ASD and ADHD. Clinicians should be aware of this rare side effect in such comorbid cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Isotretinoin is used for the treatment of severe forms of acne and those resistant to therapy with systemic antibiotics and topical treatment. Although isotretinoin is very effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris, isotretinoin has been associated with various adverse effects. Since its approval and widespread use, there have been case reports and retrospective studies suggesting a possible association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease. This review summarizes the recent literature data on the possible association between isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serotonin syndrome is a drug side effect resulting from serotonergic hyperactivity. At times the severity of its symptoms can be mild and overlooked, but sometimes it might cause life-threatening serious consequences. It usually occurs while using high doses or combinations of serotonergic drugs. However, it might also be observed during the use of low dose of serotonergic agents, even it is rare. In this paper, it is aimed to present a case with serotonin syndrome which is thought to be developed after the use of 5 mg of escitalopram, and to discuss this case in terms of differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost everything depends on the economy today, so "Preventive Medicine" which is the cheapest way to stay healthy, takes center stage of keeping the individuals diseases free. Using few drugs as possible and non-drug preventive therapies are important methods that can reduce side effects and and treatment costs. In this article, we will tell non-drug prevention and treatment methods "Allergy" and "Allergic Disease" that is called 21st century disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comorbid psychiatric disorders, frequent hospitalization, multiple outpatient treatment, prior history of hypertension, obesity and lipid dysregulation are associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in children. Side effects of antipsychotic drugs and their management have recently become a major subject of research due to enhanced antipsychotic drug usage in child and adolescents. Prevention strategies are usually preferred to secondary or tertiary strategies in the management of metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic drugs. Clinicians should present multidisciplinary approach to endocrine and metabolic side effects due to antipsychotic use in pediatric patient groups and avoid multiple drug use in such patients. In this paper, we briefly reviewed metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotic drugs in child and adolescent population, possible mechanisms of susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment approach to prevention of weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium is an alkaline ion being used since 19th century. After its widespread use in psychiatric disorders, observed side effects caused skepticism about its therapeutic efficacy. Despite several disadvantages, lithium is one of the indispensible drugs used in affective disorders, especially in bipolar disorder. It became a necessity for physicians to recognize its side effects since lithium is still accepted as a gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Adverse effects of chronic administration of lithium on several organ systems are widely known. In this article metabolic effects of lithium on thyroid and parathyroid glands, body mass index and kidneys will be discussed along with their mechanisms, clinical findings, possible risk factors and treatment. One of the most common side effect of lithium is hypothyroidism. It has the same clinical and biochemical properties as primary hypothyroidism and observed as subclinical hypothyroidism in the first place. Hypothyroidism, even its subclinical form, may be associated with non-response or inadequate response and is indicated as a risk factor for development of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Therefore, hypothyroidism should be screened no matter how severe it is and should be treated with thyroid hormone in the presence of clinical hypothyroidism. Weight gain due to lithium administration disturbs the compliance to treatment and negatively affects the course of the illness. Increased risk for diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke because of weight gain constitute other centers of problem. Indeed, it is of importance to determine the risk factors before treatment, to follow up the weight, to re-organize nutritional habits and to schedule exercises. Another frequent problematic side effect of lithium treatment is renal dysfunction which clinically present as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with the common symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus develops because of urinary concentration defects due to the detrimental effects of lithium on re-absorption of water and sodium at the level of collector tubules. Close screening of renal functions is very important in the prevention of renal damage during treatment with lithium. Moreover, it is also of importance to screen serum lithium levels as lithium intoxication episodes may increase the risk of renal failure. As a conclusion lithium still preserves its indispensability in affective disorders. Clinicians should have current knowledge about the side effects of lithium and take preventive measures to apply such an important treatment to the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary incontinence is a rare adverse effect of psychotropic drugs. Urinary incontinence is a medical, social and hygienic problem that causes decrease in the life quality. In the literature, this adverse effect has been reported due to use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs in case reports. Urinary incontinence due to mirtazapine use has been reported in only one case study. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant drug that effects both the serotonergic and the noradrenergic systems. Mirtazapine is currently used for many psychiatric diseases such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. During mirtazapine use adverse effects such as sedation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, gastrointestinal symptoms and urinary retention may occur. This article aims to present a case with urinary incontinence which is caused by mirtazapine treatment and recovered when the treatment is stopped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Atypical antipsychotics have different clinical side effect profiles than typical antipsychotic agents. Also, side effect profiles of atypical antipsychotic agents are different from each other. As there are no proven significant clinical superiority among atypicals other than clozapine, clinicians make their atypical choice decisions according to side effect profiles. More clinical comparison studies are needed to discern the relative efficacy and side effect profiles of atypical antipsychotics. In this study we aimed to compare clinical efficacy and extrapyramidal, metabolic, and cardiac side effects of ziprasidone and risperidone in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Method: A total 22 patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) were randomly assigned to receive ziprasidone 80-160 mg/day (n=11) or risperidone 4-8 mg/day (n=11) for 6 weeks. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (PANSS-T), positive symptoms subscale (PANSS-P) and negative symptoms subscale (PANSS-N) were used as efficacy measures. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARSI, were employed for movement disorder evaluations. Metabolic side effects were tested by checking laboratory tests, body weight, and body mass index measures. Electrocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography (Multigated Equilibrium Acquisition-MUGA scan) scan were used for cardiac side effect assessments. The data for twelwe patients, who complated the study were analyzed. The study was designed and conducted as a randomized open label trial. Results: Both antipsychotic drugs improved clinical symptoms significantly. The two treatment groups did not differ significantly in efficacy measures at the initial and endpoint assessments. There was statistically significant increase in parkinsonism symptoms on the 7th and 21st day evaluations in risperidone group according to SAS. Ziprasidone exhibited more beneficial effects on body weight and glucose levels. There was significant increase in prolactin levels on the 42th day lab result with risperidone. There was no difference betweeen the two drugs in terms of prolongation of QTc interval. But, ziprasidone induced more QTc prolongation on the 21st and 42th day ECGs according to baseline than risperidone. The two treatment groups did not differ significantly in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function measures at initial and endpoint assessments. Conclusions: Both drugs demonstrated significant clinical improvement. Risperidone had more extrapyramidal and endocrine side effects than ziprasidone. Ziprasidone had more QTc prolongation than the risperidone. MUGA results did not differ significantly between two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently published meta-analyses of typical and atypical antipsychotics have perturbed what was known about antipsyhotic treatment quite a bit. Here, we are going to analyze and critique the following two articles both written by Leucht and et al: "A meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia" published in February 2009 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry and "Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis" published in January issue of the Lancet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycloplegics are using for diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders in childhood. They are treated locally. Because of this, side effects of the drug are generally ignored. Cyclopentolate is the most common cycloplegic drug in Turkey. İn this paper, we report a 6 year old girl who had neuropsychiatric side effects after instillation of cyclopentolate hydroclorur (1%). After half an hour of procedure, we observed side effects of the drug. These were blurred consciousness, acute psychiatric disorder, speech and behavioral disorders, ataxia and psychomotor agitation. There was no need for an antidote. The clinic picture was recovered within a few hours. In the literature, there were similar cases. Cyclopentolate is used commonly and side effects seem to be scary. Taking these into consideration, we point to our experiences and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder starting mostly during adolescence and cause significant disability. Positive and negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions are main domains of schizophrenia. Dopaminergic hyperactivation in mesolimbic regions is related to positive symptoms whereas hypodopaminergic activity in prefrontal regions is related to negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. Therefore an ideal antipsychotic must have the ability to decrease hyperdopaminergic activity in mesolimbic areas and increase dopaminergic hypoactivation in prefrontal lobes. Recently developed Serotonin Dopamine Antagonists (SDA) have this ability. Dopamine Stabilizing Agents (DSA) demonstrate similar characteristics resembling to this hypothesis. DSA functions according to to the levels of dopamine. SDA decreases dopamine if high, and increases it if low ("Dual Effect"). Aripiprazole, a DSA that was approved first by regulatory agencies, improves positive and negative symptoms clinically in patients with schizophrenia and is safe. It also causes less Extrapyramidal Side Effects, no increase in prolactin levels, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, weight, and blood pressure that are all related to metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy is an extracorporeal form of photochemotherapy with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A radiation. Evidence suggests that there may be a potential role for extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the therapy of Tcell- mediated diseases and certain autoimmune diseases resistant to conventional therapy. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy has been used to treat various diseases, such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, bullous disorders, connective tissue disorders, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis vulgaris and in the suppression of graft versus host disease. The exact mechanism of this treatment is not known. This review focuses on the dermatological diseases treated with extracorporeal photochemotherapy and side effects of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This methodological research has been performed in order to evaluate the reliability of the Turkish version of the the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS), which was developed by Day at al. for measuring the side effects of antipsychotics. Method: First, the ethical approval was obtained from Jenniffer Day and Istanbul Faculty of Medicine and then The Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale was translated into Turkish. After established the equivalence of the original version and Turkish version of LUNSERS, the reliability analyses were performed with patients who took antipsychotic drugs. The study was carried out with a total of 117 outpatients who met the research criteria including to take at least one neuroleptic for longer than one month, to be able to write and read, not to show acute symptoms/to be stable, to be able to communicate and willing to participate in research in the psychiatry clinic of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Results: The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the LUNSERS was .89. Item-total correlation coefficients were between .19 and .65. The test-retest reliability was good (r=.81, P<0.02). Test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated to be between .20-.84, and the correlation coefficients of all of the items, except two, were statistically significant. Conclusion: As a result of this research; it has been understood that Turkish version of the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS) is reliable. Turkish version of this scale can be easily used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are frequently associated with sexual side effects such as ejaculatory disorders or orgasmic dysfunction. Loss of libido and anorgasmia or delayed orgasm/ejaculation are the main sexual advers effects, which are seen in more than 50% of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of SSRI antidepressant-induced orgasmic or ejaculatory dysfunction in males. Method: Fortynine patients using SSRI antidepressants (paroxetine and sertraline) were included in the study. The patients were evaluated with detailed history, physical examination, and international index of erectile function scale (IIEF) and sexual functions were normal before treatment with these drugs. Results: The mean age and the mean follow up period was 37.1±7.94 (range 23–51) years and the mean follow-up period was 12.4±3.6 (range 3–15) months, respectively. After the onset of theraphy with SSRI, the overall sexual dysfunction rate was 77.55% (n=38). Meanwhile the ratio of the only isolated ejaculation disorder was 61.22% (n=30), and the ratio of isolated orgasmic dysfunction was 6.1% (n=3). Among all of the attendants only 10 (26.31%) of them requested treatment for their sexual function disorders which developed after SSRI usage. Conclusions: These results confirm that antidepressant drugs are highly effecting orgasmic and ejaculatory functions of men. For this reason, usage of antidepressant drugs should be valuated in mind in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of sexual function disorders such as orgasmic or ejaculatory disorders. Even though the rate of ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunction due to SSRI usage are high, the rate of inquiry for theraphy, 26,3%, because of these problems, was appreciated as an attractive issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely prescribed in child and adolescent psychiatry practice because they are regarded as having less severe side-effects. Despite reliabilities, acathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism, tremor and tardive dyskinesia have been reported as the extrapyramidal system findings associated with use of SSRIs. In this report, we discuss a clinical case of cervical dystonia secondary to sertraline use in an adolescent patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of dystonia associated with sertraline use in an adolescent patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Isotretinoin, a first generation retinoid, has been reported to cause a variety of side effects on the neuromuscular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral isotretinoin on electromyographic findings. Materials and Methods: In this study, we included 15 patients (9 males, 6 females, aged 21.0}3.1 years) with no evident neurological and neurophysiological findings.The patients were assigned to treatment with oral isotretinoin for nodulocystic acne. In order to exclude other causes of peripheral neuropathy, all patients underwent laboratory investigations before treatment. The patients with normal findings in the first exam were prescribed 0.5 mg/kg/day oral isotretinoin. Neurological examination and electromyographic studies were performed before and at the 6th month of isotretinoin treatment. Results: Clinical examinations and electromyographic evaluations before and after treatment disclosed no abnormalities in any of the patients. Although the motor conduction parameters did not show any difference, 6 months after the onset of the treatment,a significant decrease was observed in the mean sensory conduction velocities of median, ulnar and sural nerves and the mean amplitude of sensory nerve action potential of the ulnar nerve compared with pre-treatment values (p=0.04, p=0.03, p=0.01, p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Systemic administration of isotretinoin may cause electromyographic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clozapine is an important member of atypical antipsychotics. It has frequent side effects including sedation, hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia, hypersalivation, fever, nausea, weight gain, metabolic side effects and falls in epilepsy threshold. Hematologic side effects are mostly pronounced. Leucopenia is the most cared hematologic side effect. Compared to the well known clozapine induced leucopenia, leucosytosis due to clozapine use is much less emphasized. This paper, presents a 28 year old, male patient with schizophrenia who has developed leucosytosis due to clozapine use, and discusses the hematologic side effects of clozapine in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse effects of Pegylated interferon used in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis are quite frequent. Pegylated interferon alpha-2b was started to a 44-years old male patient with chronic hepatitis B at the dose of 1.5 mcg/kg/week subcutaneously. After the first dose of the treatment; incoherent speaking, confusion, sensation, and orientation disorder occurred in the patient. The delirium was understood to develop in the patient due to pegylated interferon alpha-2b after consultation of the neurology clinic. Haloperidol 2.5 mg three times daily was started for the treatment of delirium. After the first dose of haloperidol, the delirium condition was recovered. Severe neuropsychiatric adverse effects may occur due to interferon treatment. Thus, the first dose of interferon treatment should be given to patients by monitoring in hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]