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Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of two ventilation modes—volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and volume-guaranteed pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV-VG)—on patient hemodynamic, lung mechanics, and alveolar gas exchange during laparoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position under general anaesthesia.Methods: The study included 60 patients, aged 18-65, classified as ASA I-II, who were scheduled for laparoscopic nephrectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to either the VCV or PCV-VG group. Parameters such as peak pressure (Ppeak), mean pressure (Pmean), PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, and haematocrit (htc) were recorded at four time points: in the supine position before lateral decubitus (T1), 5 minutes after lateral decubitus (T2), at the end of surgery in lateral decubitus (T3), and in the supine position before extubation (T4). Additional data collected included patient demographics, surgery details, operation time, and the side of the operation.Results: When ventilation parameters and blood gas values at T1, T2, T3 and T4 were evaluated, significant differences were seen between the groups in Ppeak at T2 and Pmean at T3 (P.05). There was a significant difference in Ppeak, Pmean, htc, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse parameters between the groups at different time periods (P

In this study, the effect of ventilation rates determined based on acceptable infection risk on the number of COVID-19 cases, probability of infection and heating energy load in various climatic regions in naturally ventilated higher education classrooms during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were investigated. Ventilation rates, number of new cases and probability of infection were determined by the Wells-Riley model adapted to SARS-CoV-2, which was used to model the probability of airborne infection. The annual heating energy load was calculated with the EnergyPlus based building energy simulation according to the heat balance method. The proposed method was applied to university classrooms in different climatic regions as a case study. The findings showed that ventilation rates increased by 51,41% on average compared to pre-COVID-19, and the number of daily COVID-19 cases decreased by an average of 63.19% compared to the conditions of the pre-COVID-19 period to ensure an acceptable infection risk in classrooms. The increase in ventilation rates increased the annual heating energy loads of classrooms to 192.37% with 29322 kWh in a temperate climate compared to pre-COVID-19; by 98.80% with 57083 kWh in cold climate; and by 79.21% with 82467 kWh in very cold climates. In universities with naturally ventilated classrooms during the COVID-19 process, the academic year should be determined according to the periods when ventilation is suitable for indoor thermal comfort control. In this case, the energy consumption due to heating is 86.52% in a temperate climate; 69.60% in a cold climate; in very cold climates, it decreases by 61.40%. These results show that we can better prepare for airborne diseases and other possible epidemics in the future, according to climatic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:In this study, the purpose was to determine the changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system by analyzing the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) among patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation.Materials and Methods:A total of 83 patients who had been followed up in the intensive care unit for at least 24 h, without a diagnosis of any known heart disease or arrhythmia, and aged over 18 years were included in the study. Mechanically ventilated patients were included in group M (n=41) and others in group K (n=42). The electrocardiography (ECGs) of the patients was recorded for 24 h through a Holter device, which records ambulatory ECG with 3 channels.Results:There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the HRV parameters, atrial arrhythmia numbers, heart rates, RR interval times, as well as intervals of QT and QTc. It was found that the number of ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher in the mechanically ventilated group compared to the non-mechanically ventilated group (p=0.0083).Conclusion:In conclusion, based on the results of this study, we believe that invasive mechanical ventilation did not lead to changes in the HRV parameters of the patients who were hemodynamically stable without any cardiac disease.

Copyright of Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji is the property of Gazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Since the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused respiratory failure in many patients, oxygen delivery methods had to be diversified, and their numbers increased. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC), which has been shown beneficial in acute respiratory failure previously, also came to the fore. We investigated the efficacy of HFNC on patients hospitalized in intensive care units due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively screened the patients followed up in the intensive care unit due to COVID-19. Patients treated with HFNC performed the study group. We analyzed the relationships among demographics, laboratory results, treatment modalities, complications, and outcomes. Results: Among the 330 patients including mean ventilation duration with HFNC was 7.84 days. One hundred seventy (51.5%) patients were intubated during HFNC treatment. Only 5 of them were extubated. Intubated patients had higher mean HFNC duration [9.74 days - minimum (min): 2 , maximum (max): 49] compared to non-intubated patients (6.05 days - min: 1, max: 30). There was a significant relationship between mortality and age [Odds ratio (OR): 1.04], Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score (OR: 1.35), having cancer (OR: 3.89), receiving non-invasive ventilation (OR: 5.94), and presence of secondary bacterial infection (OR: 44.6). Conclusion: HFNC, whose benefit in acute respiratory failure has been proven, is also widely and successfully used in COVID-19 patients. Comprehensive randomized studies are required to demonstrate the effect of HFNC use on intubation requirement and mortality.

Copyright of Journal of Health Academics / Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Academics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pandemic-level epidemics have a wide range of interactions around the world. The final spread was on December 31,2019 and named "Covid-19" by the WHO. On March 11, the epidemic categorized as "pandemic", the first case is seen in Turkey. Today, the pandemic is still continuing and has changed the living standards, which we can refer as "new normal". The accommodation has been affected by this change. A number of limitations have emerged, with this pandemic such as the adaptation of social distance, risk of using common spaces, the need for storage and new hobby areas. The study is aimed to evaluate all these through traditional Turkish houses. The context, Turkish houses was the discussion in terms of courtyard/backyard-usage, plant/animal care, storage areas, ventilation, lighting of the spaces, indoor-outdoor relationship, flexible space suitability to the new lifestyle during the pandemic. Consequently, Turkish houses were abandoned, demolished and replaced by modern buildings due to the change in lifestyle, and other similar reasons. However, their plan scheme can be adapted easily to the "new normal" post-pandemic and is open to all kinds of changes. Another point is that while providing cultural, physical continuity, it is proof that they will have new functional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role of the shape, size and position of the windows, which play an important role in the natural ventilation of the buildings, in the ventilation of the buildings were examined. By using a blower providing constant velocity airflow, the best window model and position were determined for a total of ten window conditions, five wind directions, three wall inclination angles, and three wall thickness conditions. In addition, the system was also tested in the prevailing wind direction in the outer atmosphere. From the results obtained, it was found that the amount of air fed into the building increases in cases where the window size expands in an outward sloping way, the angle of inclination and the wall thickness increase, and the wind blows directly into the window. It has been observed that the air flow entering the building increased by 16-23% and 3-6% with the increase of the lateral slope and wall thickness of windows, respectively, but the air flow decreased rapidly with the increase of the angle of blowing the wind towards the window, and the air flow became zero when the wind blew parallel to the window opening. It has been seen that it is important for effective natural ventilation of buildings that window openings are constructed in the prevailing wind direction and on the opposite side of the building, that the interior partitions of the building are constructed to facilitate the linear flow of air, and that the indentations and projections that will cause turbulence outside the building are reduced as much as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of central ventilation system hood design on capture performance. Commercial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software was used to optimize the hood design and predict capture performance. Thanks to the CFD software, the hood with real dimensions was modeled and numerical analyzes were carried out. In numerical analysis, the turbulent flow in the hood was prevented by the air guide attached to the hood. In this way, an increase was achieved in the hood capture velocity and airflow rate. With the information obtained as a result of CFD analysis, hood prototypes were created and real environment experiments were carried out. Numerical analysis performed at different flow rates were confirmed by experimental analyzes. As a result, CFD analysis showed that the air guide added to the hood prevents turbulence in the air flow and increases the hood performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Prophylactic caffeine therapy, reduces the frequency of apnea in premature babies. Moreover, its effect has been well established in reducing the intermittent hypoxemia, and the need for additional ventilator support of infants with a birthweight of 1.250 g and respiratory distress. METHODS: Sixty-eight infants with birthweight of 1.250 to 2.000 g with respiratory distress and born at 32-34 GA and intubated with the indication of respiratory distress who also needed nasal ventilation for at least 48 hours were included in this prospective randomized controlled study, starting from birth one group received prophylactic caffeine citrate at loading dose of 20 mg/kg, and maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg in addition to respiratory support, long term neurological and developmental outcomes were recorded with Bayley-II. RESULTS: There was no difference in weight or gestational age at birth between the groups. Also, the groups were smilar in respiratory states. The caffeine group, was associated with a significant reduction in intubation requirement within the first 72 hr and shorter duration of mechanical and nasal ventilation, while there was no difference between the groups in total duration of oxygen therapy, and frequency of apneic episodes (respectively p=0.03, p=0.00, p=0.02, p>0.05). Any differences were not detected in terms of prematurity morbidities (p>0.05). Any significant intergroup differences were not detected as for PDA, NEC, IVC, laser-requiring ROP, and BPD (p>0.05). While the study was continuing regarding long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes Bayley neurodevelopmental tests were applied to 15 infants in the caffeine and 18 infants in the caffeine group at 12. and 18. months, and test results were csimilar in both groups (p>0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of caffeine in older preterm babies with respiratory distress, have short term benefits as lesser requirement for ntubation within the first 72 hours and decreased duration of ventilatory support without any advers side effects. Therefore if symptoms of respiratory distress are seen in preterm babies with a birthweight of >1.250 g, then initiation of prophylactic treatment may be considered. Larger scale randomized kontrollü studies are needed regarding this issue.

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maximal oxygen consumption during exercise is an important determinant of aerobic capacity. Therefore, researchers use the aerobic tests evaluating maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) to determine the aerobic capacity. VO2max depends on the capacity of the respiratory and circulatory systems to take up and distribute oxygen, and also the capacity of the muscles to receive and utilize it. Hence, there is three physiological systems affecting VO2max. In contrast to the circulatory and muscle systems, the respiratory system is usually not considered an important limiting factor for aerobic capacity because of its sufficient capacity to cope with the demands during high-intensity exercises. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity and respiratory system parameters. Twenty healthy and trained males (24.3 ± 2.7 years, 178.1 ± 4.0 cm, 73.3 ± 7.1 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The height, weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass, ventilation parameters, and maximal oxygen consumption were evaluated. After evaluating the distribution of the data, the Pearson Correlation Test was used to determine the relationship status. As a result of our study, a high correlation was found between VO2max and maximal ventilation volume (r=0.814; p=0.000), and a moderate correlation was found between VO2max and tidal volume (r=0.532; p=0.01). Even if the circulatory system was referred as the main factor affecting aerobic capacity in researches, the high correlation in our study results between VO2max and maximal ventilation volume shows that respiratory system should also be considered as an important factor for aerobic capacity.

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In regions that are difficult to overcome geographically in road transport, tunnels both shorten the road to be covered and save fuel. It is the worst scenario that a vehicle can burn in a tunnel. There have been major tunnel fires in the world that have resulted in people's lives. In our country, long highway tunnels such as the Ovit, Kop and Zigana tunnels are being built. In this study, emergency modeling was carried out for vehicle fire (30 MW) in a long road tunnel (14.5 km). The critical point for the emergency was determined and the 1000 m long region was examined on a scale of 1/100. Ansys Fluent was used in the study. Turbulent flow conditions are taken into account. Temperature distribution, carbon monoxide (CO) emission distribution and velocity distributions in the region where the fire is located were examined. Results are given in graphs and interpreted. When the temperature values are examined, the average temperature values in the fire zone were obtained above 400 K in the first 30 m. It was obtained that the CO values did not fall below 400 ppm until the firing shaft, especially in the first 50 m, above 1000 ppm on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth as conjoined twins is a rare condition with a rate of 1/200.000. One of these conjoined twins is omphalopagus type conjoined twins. We aimed to present anesthesia management of omphalopagus type conjoined twins with VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) in one of 8-day-old twins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In order to realize the year-round production in the greenhouse according to the daily average temperature values of Hatay, Osmaniye and Kahramanmaraş provinces located in TR63 Region, it is aimed to determine the air conditioning measures and the necessary parameters that can be taken in the greenhouses. Methods and Results: In this study, the long-term climate values of the provinces in TR63 region have been determined and the temperature values reached during different periods of the air conditioning and production period, the required heating, ventilation, cooling times and the required fuel and cooling water amount have been determined. Heat requirement was calculated by using ISIGER-SERA expert system model using hourly temp., solar radiation and wind speed values considering the temp. rise in the greenhouse. The heat energy required for keeping the greenhouse temp. at 16/18 °C day and night is 132.1 kWh m-2 a-1 in Kahramanmaraş province in the second region according to TS825 standards. The provinces in the first region were calculated as 85.5 and 71.8 kWh m-2 a-1 for Hatay and Osmaniye respectively. Conclusions: In the greenhouses in this region, heating, ventilation, shading and cooling are necessary for production to be realized all year. However, the cost of production in the greenhouse varies depending on air conditioning measures. When the climatic values of all three provinces are taken into consideration, it is seen that the production period should be started in the last week of August and continued until the end of June. One-year plants produced in the greenhouse during the summer months can also be produced under open field conditions. Due to the decrease in product prices, one-year crop production in this region should be terminated in July and greenhouses should be left empty. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study shows that it is necessary in certain periods of the year the climate in different ways depending on the climate of greenhouses in order to obtain high quality and high efficiency in greenhouses where appropriate concentrated in the Mediterranean climate in Turkey. Also, this situation may affect production costs depending on the air conditioning. At the same time, this study will shed light on the feasibility studies of the greenhouse enterprises in the region since heating, ventilation, shading and cooling of the greenhouses are required for production in the greenhouse all year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In this study, it is aimed to determine the average monthly temperature data of Antalya and Alanya temperature observation stations (1975-2018). Methods and Results: In this study, the long-term climate values of the provinces in TR63 region have been determined and the temperature values reached during different periods of the air conditioning and production period, the required heating, ventilation, cooling times and the required fuel and cooling water amount have been determined. Heat requirement was calculated by using ISIGER-SERA expert system model using hourly temperature, solar radiation and wind speed values considering the temperature rise in the greenhouse. The heat energy required for keeping the greenhouse temperature at 16/18 °C day and night is 132.1 kWh m-2 a-1 in Kahramanmaraş province in the second region according to TS825 standards. The provinces in the first region were calculated as 85.5 and 71.8 kWh m-2 a-1 for Hatay and Osmaniye respectively. Conclusions: In general, temperatures tend to increase in Antalya and Alanya stations. Significance and Impact of the Study: The tendency to increase and decrease in temperature can be related to climate change. The increase in temperature shows very important agricultural results. In this context sowing high temperatures. may cause changes in planting and harvesting times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynecologic tumors originating from great vessels are observed quite rarely. Migrating along with the bloodstream; they can extend into cardiac chambers in chronic process. As they reach to larger sizes, and become symptomatic urgent surgery may be needed. These patients whose surgical and anesthesiologic management create difficulties are open to hemodynamic and respiratory complications. In this case report; we tried to describe anesthesiologic management of a patient who had intracardiac gynecologic tumor, and presented with acute respiratory failure, in the light of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaporpressuredeficitandthehightemperatureemergedduringthesummer months in thecountrieswithMediterraneanclimate, resultsin decrease of thequantityandthequality of theproductsproduced in greenhouses. Duringthisperiod, toreducetheplantstressand in ordertoprovidehighqualityproductstothe market, greenhousesarerequiredto be cooled. Inordertoreducethetemperatures in greenhouse, naturalventilation is thefirstmethodconsidered. Althoughnaturalventilation; is cheaperthantheotherforced methods in terms of thefirstinvestmentandoperatingexpenses,it is not enough to reduce the high temperatures in the greenhouse during the periods when the temperatures are starting to increase.The advantage of the forced ventilation methodwith fansis the higher amount of air exchange ratio and the ability to control ratio compared to natural ventilation.This method, too, is insufficient in the summer months to reduce the high temperatures inside the greenhouse.Anothermethod is theshadingmethod; whichhelpsto lowerhightemperatures in theinside thegreenhousebyreducingtheradiationreachingthegreenhouse. Inthismethod, reduced temperaturelevelinside thegreenhouse is insufficientforplantgrowth, andalsoimproperuse of thismethodcausesreduced use of sunlightby plants.One of the most effective solutions for cooling the greenhouse during these periods when natural ventilation, forced ventilation and shading methods are inadequate is evaporative cooling.Inthisstudy, ventilation(natural and forced), shading and evaporative cooling methods, used toreducethe effect of high temperature that occursin greenhouses, and advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been evaluated.

It is observed that the structures are increasing in proportion with developing technology and population growth. According to research conducted over our country, especially in the construction sector production has reached a high level. "Does user comfort increase this rate?", "how high quality and quality is the air breathed in parallel with this increase?" or "what should be done for air quality and user health?" as such, questions come to mind. In this context, the correct selection and use of HVAC systems is mentioned as a solution proposal for user comfort and health. After the construction design of HVAC systems is completed, it is emphasized that not as alternatives, but as sketches of more buildings are prepared and the importance of accurate analysis of environmental factors is emphasized. During the selection and design of these systems, after the objectives and priorities have been determined, it is aimed to create a pre-view Guide for designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Architectural Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University / Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was comparatively investigate respiratory, cardiac and metabolic parameters in the aerobic and anaerobic region of the incremental exercise test. Material and Methods: Total of 24 healthy male (age: 19.7±1.87 years) participated to study. The subjects performed an incremental exercise test with a work rate of 15 W/min to exhaustion. The anaerobic threshold (AT) reflects the onset of metabolic acidosis and separate aerobic to anaerobic exercise reagion was estimated from V-slope method. During exercise, the subjects' pulmonary gas exchange and metabolic parameters were measured breath-by-breath using metabolic gas analyser. Results: The work rate and O2 uptake at maximal exercise and at the AT was found to be 233±30 W and 156±25 W, 2.96±0.28 L/min and 2.02±0.20 L/min, respectively. O2 uptake was found to be 1.291±0.18 L/min in aerobic region and 0.924±0.16 L/min in anaerobic region (p< 0.001). In contrast, CO2 output was 1.301±0.16 L/min in aerobic region and 1.631±0.31 L/min anaerobic region (p<0.001). The ventilation for each 1 W work rate was found to be 270.8±37 ml in aerobic region and 685.4±180 ml in anaerobic region (p<0.001). In addition, heart rate for each 1 W work rate was 2.61±0.6 beat/W in aerobic region and 2.24±0.5 beat/W in anaerobic region (p<0.03). Conclusion: There was significant differences in O2 uptake, CO2 output and ventilation, heart beat response to exercise in aerobic and anaerobic exercise region. Evaluations of cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in aerobic and anaerobic region of incremental exercise provide valuable information about the subjects' fitness status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problems associated with interior air quality in the dormitory of a vocational and technical training center that consist of six bedrooms with a capacity of sixty students are studied for December of 2016. Measurements are carried out with 11 Testo 535 CO2 measuring instruments, two and nine of which are used for exterior and interior air, respectively. The outdoor CO2 measurements are made in the garden and in front of open window situated at the second floor of the building. The data received from other nine measuring instruments placed at five different locations where the students are mostly present are recorded continuously and averaged manually. These measurements are conducted for seven different hours of four different days on December (1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 0000, 0300, 0630). According to results obtained at 1500, it is found that the amount of CO2 level in rooms is measured to 1100 ppm, which is under the permitted amount of level. Students begin to enter the bedrooms from 1800, the amount of CO2 increase staidly to up to 2000. The free time of students from 930 to 2200 increases the amount of CO2 and continues until 0600 in the morning due to their increased activities in this period of times. To solve the problem associated with interior air quality of this dormitory, a novel system which controls the interior air quality continuously and keeps it stabile is developed. In this newly developed system, it is aimed to keep the amount of CO2 at 1100 ppm level by transferring the data collected from CO2 sensors in bedrooms to ABB brand driver, and designing a variable air flow system that controls the fresh air and exhaust fans. This system is also expected to constantly stabilize the blown air temperature at 25 °C by activating the electric resistances present in the air channel according to the load, when the outside air temperature drops below 20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of design differences on indoor air temperature and humidity values were analyzed in the two enterprises supported by the Agricultural and Rural Development Support Institution (TKDK). The study was carried out in two dairy cattle farms with the same capacity and similar planning characteristics at an 800 meters distance from each other in Bursa Karacabey Şahinköy. Seven measuring instruments were used in each operation. The measurements were carried out for one month between 18.12.2016 and 19.01.2017 and the temperature and humidity values were recorded hourly basis for 24 hours. Many studies suggest that the relative humidity for cattle should be in the range of 60-75 %, and not to exceed 80 %. According to the our results; it has been observed that relative humidity values in both investigated farms a few times were reached up to 100 %. Besides, it has been observed that it run on for a long time in the one of two investigated farms. Significant differences (P <0.01) were found between the two enterprises in terms of indoor air quality. It was concluded that these differences were resulted from the fact that the side walls were covered with curtain systems in one farm and with plastic chopping material at the other. In terms of extreme values, the relative humidity level is higher and the temperature is lower in the curled system. It has been concluded that the design of structure should be improved in terms of ventilation, and it would be useful to develop a standard for side wall height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada iki farklı soğutmalı fren diski üretilerek bunların normal fren diski ile frenleme performansları ve ısı oluşumları deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Ani frenlemeler ile frenleme kuvvetleri ve sürekli frenleme şartlarında sıcaklıklar ölçülmüştür. On dört farklı pedal kuvvetinde ani frenleme testleri ve sekiz farklı frenleme şartlarında ise frenleme sıcaklıkları test edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre hava soğutma uygulaması, frenleme kuvvetini % 42,6 artırmakla birlikte şartlara bağlı olarak oluşan ısıyı da % 31,5 azaltmaktadır.

Objective: There are insufficient data in the literature on the comparative evaluation of unchangeable risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), such as the personal characteristics and/or the existing features of patients on admission to the intensive care unit, together with radiographic findings. In this study, we aimed to investigate mortality risk factors and the possible prognostic role of radiological extent of pneumonia in patients with VAP. Material and Methods: Data on patients treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit were retrospectively evaluated. Among these, chest radiographs of patients with VAP were scored. Data were compared in terms of mortality. Results: Older age, higher average ventilator days, admission to the intensive care unit due to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) exacerbations, steroid use, concomitant COPD, and chronic renal failure were observed as risk factors for VAP development. On the other hand, older age, prolonged mechanical ventilation, re-intubation, admission to the intensive care unit due to acute renal failure, and concomitant diabetes mellitus were identified as mortality risk factors for VAP. Radiographic scores were significantly higher in patients with a history of steroid use, patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit due to COPD, and patients with concomitant chronic renal failure (p=0.05, p=0.002, and p=0.045, respectively). Significant positive correlations were observed between age and ventilator days and also between radiographic scores and ventilator period (p=0.001 and p=0.03, respectively). A high total radiographic score was considered as a statistically significant prognostic marker for VAP in terms of mortality (p=0.005). Conclusion: In light of our results, the recommended radiologic scoring system can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with VAP. To our knowledge, this study is the first to focus on the comparative evaluation of unchangeable risk factors for VAP together with radiographic findings. We believe that it would be useful in clinical practice with a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouses should be heated to obtain optimum temperatures required by the plants when it is cold during the day and night. In Tekirdag, minimum ventilation was done in the plastic greenhouse in cold periods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the heating requirements of a plastic greenhouse with minimum ventilation under conditions of Tekirdag. At the end of the study, the greenhouse temperature requirements are specified in ventilated and non-ventilated conditions for each month. According to the study carried out in a plastic greenhouse in Tekirdag province, it was concluded that the greenhouse needs to be heated in November, December, January and February. In order to keep the internal temperature of trial of greenhouse at 18°C in non-ventilated conditions the highest heat requirement was found to be 54915.6 kkcal h-1 in January. In the trial greenhouse with ventilation, the highest heat requirement was calculated as 61642.2 kkcal h-1in the month of January. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İçinde bir insan ve ofis mobilyaları bulunan bir ofis odası içindeki hava akış karakteristikleri değişik havalandırma şartları altında sayısal olarak araştırılmıştır. Zamandan bağımsız, iki boyutlu korunum denklemleri sayısal akışkanlar dinamiği (SAD) kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Sonuçlar hız vektör dağılımları ve sıcaklık konturlarına ilave olarak niceliksel hız ve sıcaklık dağılımları olarak sunulmuştur. Oda içindeki nesneler, giriş/çıkış konumları, giriş hızı ve kış/yaz şartlarının hava dağılımına etkileri incelenmiştir. Mevcut sayısal tahminlerden oda içinde bulunan nesnelerin önemli derecede iç hava hareketlerini değiştirdiği ve bunun neticesinde komfor şartlarını etkilediği gösterilebilir.

İçinde bir insan ve ofis mobilyaları bulunan bir ofis odası içindeki hava akış karakteristikleri değişik havalandırma şartları altında sayısal olarak araştırılmıştır. Zamandan bağımsız, iki boyutlu korunum denklemleri sayısal akışkanlar dinamiği (SAD) kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Sonuçlar hız vektör dağılımları ve sıcaklık konturlarına ilave olarak niceliksel hız ve sıcaklık dağılımları olarak sunulmuştur. Oda içindeki nesneler, giriş/çıkış konumları, giriş hızı ve kış/yaz şartlarının hava dağılımına etkileri incelenmiştir. Mevcut sayısal tahminlerden oda içinde bulunan nesnelerin önemli derecede iç hava hareketlerini değiştirdiği ve bunun neticesinde komfor şartlarını etkilediği gösterilebilir.

The quality losses in the product increase when corn harvested not stored in optimum conditions. Therefore, conservation of corn without the quality deterioration and conserving the postharvest nutrient content during storage period in storage of corn is possible with storage structures designed with proper techniques. Because there are no adequate storage structures in response to increased corn production in Igdir province the importance of modern and large stores has been increased. The calculation of lateral project pressure according to low store design criteria in determining of the wall thickness has been made. In this study, design criteria of a reinforced concrete horizontal storage structure has been demonstrated with a sample project in order to maintain for a long time the quality of corn grown in Igdir province. As a result, the store wall thickness of 77 cm and 1000 W fan power for ventilation of product was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Night ventilation is one of the passive cooling techniques commonly used and various theoretical and experimental studies on this subject are available in the literature. However, the effects of climate change are not taken into account. The efficiency of night ventilation can change based on the increasing outside air temperature, which can be caused by global warming because global warming can lead to increase cooling demand in buildings. In this study, impact and performance of night ventilation on cooling load is examined based on location of insulation layer and air exchange rate in an apartment block located in Izmir under climate change by using simulation tool.As a result, it is seen that cooling load in hot-humid climate can be reduced by 13% with night ventilation in spite of climate change but its contribution has decreased over time. Meanwhile, air exchange rate has a significant impact on performance of night ventilation and location of insulation layer on outside walls has been found to have non critical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:-The study aimed to carry out a retrospective analysis of the effects of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled ventilation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures performed between January 2011 and January 2013 on hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics and oxygenation. Methods: Data were mainly obtained from preoperative and intraoperative anaesthetic record fles. Eighty-two patients, who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were retrospectively studied. Group 1 (n=41) received pressure support for obtaining 8-9 mLkg-1 tidal volume with pressure-controlled ventilation, group 2 (n=41) received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 8-9 mLkg-1, a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, which were measured preoperatively, after intubation in the supine position, 15 minutes after CO2 insuffation, and after desuffation, were recorded. Arterial blood gas analyses were recorded which were measured at the same time with hemodynamics and respiratory parameters and during the postanesthetic care period. Results:-Systolic arterial pressure at the time of insuffation was higher in Group 2 than in group 1. There was no difference in EtCO2 levels between the groups. All times Ppeak and insuffation time Pplato levels were higher in group 2. Compliance at all periods was lower in group 2. Desuffation period Vd/Vt and P(A-a)O2 levels were higher in group 2. Post anaesthetic care PaO2 levels were higher in group 1. Conclusion:- Pressure-controlled ventilation can be an alternative to volume-controlled ventilation during general anaesthesia to prevent and repair pneumoperitonium-related side-effects during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of pressure support ventilation and proportional assist ventilation which is two modes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Material and Methods: Total of 20 patients was included in the study. Mean age was 63±7 years. Patients were randomized as proportional assist ventilation and pressure support ventilation groups. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation was performed using BiPAP Vision (Respironics Inc., PA) ventilator via full face mask. Initial settings were arranged as 80% support in proportional assist ventilation group and 12 cmH20 of inspiratory, 6 cmH20 of expiratory pressure in pressure support ventilation group. Arranged settings were regulated according to patient's requirements. Patients were evaluated with arterial blood gas analysis obtained at 30th min, 1st, 2nd, 6th and 24th hour after the initiation of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, respiratory rate, visual analog scale, duration of hospitalization, requirement for intubation and mortality. Results: Initial respiratory rate was 34±7 and initial arterial blood gas analysis parameters were as follows; pH: 7.3±0.05, PaO2: 49.3±10 mmHg, PaCO2: 68.2±11 mmHg and PaO2/FiO2: 214±33. Before and after treatment values of the parameters were not different between the groups. Visual analog scale score was higher in proportional assist ventilation group than pressure support ventilation group, not statistically significant (7.1 vs 5.7, p>0.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that non-invasive mechanical ventilation could be performed either pressure support ventilation or proportional assist ventilation modes in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no superiority was observed between these two modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been known that PEEP can improve respiratory function under general anaesthesia. We do not know whether patients who receive PEEP have a lower risk of postoperative mortality or respiratory complications such as pneumonia. There is currently insufficient evidence to make conclusions about how intraoperative PEEP affects postoperative mortality and respiratory complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the factors affecting mortality in patients admitted to ICU with chronic pulmonary disease. Material and Methods: Patients with chronic pulmonary disease admitted to Hacettepe University Hospital Medical ICU during the period 01.12.1999 and 31.07.2001 were included in the study. Data were obtained from the prospectively formed ICU database. Data included in the study were APACHEII score, type of pulmonary disease (KOAH, others), admission cause (pulmonary, cardiovascular, other), treatment in the ICU (medical therapy only, invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation), need for a tracheotomy, ICU and hospital outcome. Student t-test and chi-square test were utilised to compare hospital survivors and non-survivors. Independent factors affecting hospital mortality were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 75 patients with chronic pulmonary disease included in the study, 54 had COPD. Hospital mortality rate was 28%. Non-survivors had significantly higher APACHE II scores (23.9±8.2, 17.4±6.0, p<0.001). For 72% of non-survivors and 85% of survivors, the reason for admission was pulmonary problems (p<0.05). Causes other than pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases for admission made up 24% in the nonsurvivors and 4% in the survivors (p<0.05). Eighty-one percent of the non-survivors and 33% of the survivors were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 14% of the non-survivors, and 54% of the survivors (p<0.01). Tracheostomy was performed to 5 of the non-survivors and 1 of the survivors (p<0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that an APACHE II score >19 and invasive mechanical ventilation in place of non-invasive mechanical ventilation were independent factors determining hospital mortality (odds ratio [confidence interval], respectively are 4.7 [1.3-16.4], p<0.05; 6.2 [1.4-26.6], p<0.01). Conclusion: For patients admitted to an ICU with chronic pulmonary disease, an APACHEII score higher than 19 and invasive mechanical ventilation are independently associated with higher hospital mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is evaluated the meteorological specialties of the Muğla Region that have been carried out widely greenhouse in this region, according to the greenhouse production. In this context, it is determined the monthly climate requirements like heating and ventilation for sample plastic and glass greenhouses with 1000 m² ground area that use frequently in the region. According to the results, it is determined that there is a necessity for heating in the months of the January, February, March, November and December in the Muğla province and Yatağan district those have high altitude and in the months of the January, February and December for the other districts. It is needed for heating in the January and February months in the Bodrum district that have a big advantage for heating among the other districts in the region. The maximum heat necessity (191.7 kWh) is seen at the Muğla province for plastic covered greenhouse in January and February and the minimum heat necessity (91.6 kWh) is seen at the Marmaris district for glasshouses in December. The plastic covered greenhouses need more heat according to the glasshouses. Similarly, it is understood that natural ventilation is sufficient in the Muğla province and it is needed for an active cooling from the first week of the June to the middle of the August in the other districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, calculation of resistance of lung resistance and compliance of the patient whose respiratory function has been disturbed was performed with fuzzy logic controller. So, the aim of this study is to get mechanical ventilator be more intelligent. Thus, workload of anesthetist will be reduced. By estimating resistance and compliance of the lung, the error Pe(k) between reference pressure value (Pref) and pressure of gas given ill person (Phasta) and error change rate δPe(k) were considered. In this study, It was tried to obtain status of the patient's lung with the its calculated values. Performed system is run with the pressure control ventilation (PCV) which is one of the most used modes among other ventilation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During most hot period it is possible to obtain passive cooling by decrease of surface temperatures with airflow velocities caused by wind, entering interior with the effect of pressure difference through the openings during the time intervals when the outside air is cooler than interior. This effect turns inversed when the outside air temperature is more than interiors. Shading devices used to protect from unwanted solar radiation acting on interior surfaces change the airflow effects acting interiors according to their types. The changes in volume flow rates, interior velocities and solar radiation amount can be advantageous or disadvantageous for total cooling loads according to the time interval as the interior and outside temperatures changes through the day. Determination of the combined effect of shading device efficiency through solar radiation protection strategy and natural ventilation, will give opportunity of designing optimum shading device. In validation of shading device efficiency with different types of shading device alternatives, zone gains and losses with convection, zone sensible gain and losses with ventilation, zone gains from windows and total cooling loads through specific time intervals are compared. Cooling load calculations are run through energy analysis simulation program Energyplus using heat balance calculation method. Convection coefficients, exhibiting the effects of the interior velocities which change by shading devices are calculated by using the datas of velocity measurements performed on wind tunnel with a model with 4 different types of shading device and without shading device. Heat gain from opaque interior surfaces by the effect of solar radiation are considered in Energyplus with the output of heat gain to air by convection. As opening dimensions are directly related to volume flow rates, required in calculation of sensible heat gains of zone by ventilation, it is expressed by discharge coefficients obtained by measured velocities on wind tunnel in front of the model and pressure differences between front and back openings for all alternatives. Shaded and unshaded areas occuring by solar radiation acting on facade with different shading device alternatives are considered. All these parameters of shading devices are used in Energyplus cooling load calculation process. For every alternatives 4 simulations of cooling load calculations had been done for open window and closed window in order to emerge the effects of airflows and solar radiation effects through specific times changing by effects of shading devices. The situations with shading device alternatives are classified as follows; Closed window, no shading device, 1SİM3kap.pen; with shading device, parallel to facade with 90° slat angle parallel to ground, 2.1SİM5kap.pen; parallel to facade with 45° slat angle parallel to ground, 2.2SİM9kap.pen; perpendicular to facade with 90° slat angle parallel to facade, 3.1SİM12kap.pen; perpendicular to facade with 45° slat angle parallel to facade, 3.2SİM15kap.pen, Open window, with no shading device, 1SİM3ac.pen; with shading device, parallel to facade with 90° slat angle parallel to ground, 2.1SİM5ac.pen; parallel to facade with 45° slat angle parallel to ground, 2.2SİM9ac.pen; perpendicular to facade with 90° slat angle parallel to facade, 3.1SİM12ac.pen; perpendicular to facade with 45° slat angle parallel to facade, 3.2SİM15ac.pen.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent glass facade systems can adapt environmental conditions, use renewable energy sources, work as a filter between interior and exteriors and are sensible to nature. Curtain wall suggestions with different properties must be done for each different climate condition. The width of the cavity between facade layers of double skin intelligent facades affects heat transfer coefficient (u value). Facades with a high u value increases the heating load of a building in cold climates and also the cooling load of the bulding in hot climates. In this paper an attempt is made having for the determination of the effect of the variation of cavity width between facades having u value of a facade that is designed in İzmir. Calculations use medditerrian climate data inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the possible changes in heat loss, heat gain and heating energy needs of an uninsulated residence building after insulating the building according to TS 825 "Guidelines for Heat Insulation in Buildings" standards. In Turkey usable energy sources are quite restricted and more than half of Turkey's energy needs are met by import. The fact that Turkey is dependent on foreign countries in energy supply requires energy saving to be made in all sectors. The energy that is consumed for heating constitutes the largest part of total energy consumption. The most effective savings method for decreasing the ratio of energy consumption in heating is to minimize heat losses by designing buildings with heat insulation. Heat losses in buildings vary according to the size of the planned volume, the dimensions of building elements and their thermal permeability properties. With heat insulation, % 20-75 heat saving can be achieved depending on the condition of the building. In addition, environmental pollution can be considerably decreased due to reduced fuel amount and reduced harmful gases to the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental parameters affecting the thermal comfort are; air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature and air velocities on human body segments. At this study, the effects of nonuniform and highly transient thermal comfort parameters were tested experimentally for two ventilation modes (panel vents, windshield and foot vents). With prepared simulation model thermal behavior, physiological reactions (skin temperatures) and thermal sensations of the driver were predicted. In the experiments air temperatures and velocities around the human body segments were measured at 11 and 17 different points respectively. Relative humidity measurements were performed from the head region of the driver. In the theoretical studies, dynamic and close loop Matlab-Simulink model of the human body was developed. In the simulation, the human body separated to 16 body segments to predict local dissatisfactions. The model was justified with the obtained experimental data from the literature. Studies revealed that heating the automobile compartment with panel vents mode air temperature at foot level could not reached desired values. For panel vents mode high air velocities affect driver body segments especially arms and hands owing to exposed vent air directly. This causes considerable temperature decline and low thermal sensations at skin surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]