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The modern national innovation system (NIS) is formed under the influence of a number of factors, both national and global, among which the ecological one occupies an important place. The main manifestations of ecologization the global economy as an important determinant of the development of NIS are analyzed in the paper. It has been established that the high innovativeness of highly competitive economies is not guarantee of their environmental cleanliness. The ambiguity of the impact of environmental measures on the development of national systems in countries with different levels of well-being is proved. Possible strategies for economic growth based on priorities changing towards innovativeness and/or ecologization are formulated. The positive potential of the proposals is due to scientific validity increase of the targets for country's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]