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The purpose of the work are assess of the current state of protected areas of the Ternopil region territorial communities and comparison of these parameters with the environmental standards of the European Union. Methods. Generalisation and systematisation of information, evaluation, comparison, method of analogies and typologies, statistical, mathematical, cartographic and geoinformation. Scientific novelty. The main geoecological, economic and legal problems related to the prospects for the development of nature conservation at the national and regional levels are identified. These include the lack of motivation in management structures, low environmental culture of the population, insufficient funding for environmental protection, and the existence of different forms of land ownership. The level of conservation of territorial communities and new administrative districts of the Ternopil region is determined. Results. Analysed by national and international environmental legislation and identifies the main causes of Ukraine's environmental problems, including military operations. Based on the comparative analysis, the authors compares the basic environmental parameters of Ukraine and the European Union, which demonstrate their significant differences. The level of conservation and the number of protected areas of the Ternopil region territorial communities are determined. The data obtained showed that 36.5% of the region's territorial communities have a conservation level of less than 1%. The situation with the low level of conservation is unsatisfactory in sixteen communities in the Ternopil district and four communities in the Kremenets and Chortkiv districts. Typological groups have been created and a corresponding map of the reserve status of the Ternopil region territorial communities has been constructed. It is proposed to create fifty-three new protected areas in twenty-five communities of the Ternopil region with a total area of 39358 hectares. The expediency of creating thirteen regional landscape parks, twenty-three hydrological natural monuments of local significance, six parks of landscape art monuments, four landscape reserves, four botanical natural monuments of local significance and three protected tracts is substantiated. Conclusions. It has been established that the level of conservation of the Ternopil region territorial communities does not meet the current requirements of the European Strategy for the Conservation of Landscape and Biotic Diversity. In order to achieve international standards of protected areas and waters, the region needs to create both large protected areas – regional landscape and national nature parks – and local protection zones for hydrological objects, individual trees or landscapes. For this purpose, it is necessary to intensify scientific research of local and regional natural complexes. And the administrative staff of territorial communities should include a position responsible for landscaping, sustainable development and nature protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the current carbon intensity assessment and foresight of the prospects for the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry, the most carbon-intensive (initially creating a significant carbon footprint) and carbon-vulnerable (showing the highest growth rates of carbon intensity over time) industrial sectors were identified. It is substantiated that the processing industry, agriculture, transport and energy, which have both of the above negative characteristics, are of the greatest competitive importance for Ukrainian GDP and are the most promising sectors for priority development. It is defined that for the period 1990-2020 the carbon intensity of Ukrainian GDP exceeds the global and European average levels, despite certain favorable trends in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. As of 2022 the carbon footprint of the Ukrainian industry does not exceed the established quota. However, if current trends continue, it may be exhausted by 2040. At the same time, slow progress in the decarbonization of the Ukrainian energy sector, downward dynamics of the value added in industry, a weak motivating role of environmental taxes and low investment activity of industry do not provide favorable prerequisites for effective decarbonization and digitalization of the industrial complex. The established positive trends in the reduction of carbon intensity are due to destructive phenomena in the long term (deindustrialization of the economy and economic stagnation due to the pandemic) and are temporary in nature, while maintaining the risks of increasing greenhouse gas emissions to pre-crisis levels in case of maintaining the current technological order. According to the basic scenario of the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry (preservation of current trends and phenomena), an exhaustion of the national quota for greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, further deindustrialization of the economy, an increase in technological gaps with the developed countries of the world and an aggravate in the competitive vulnerability of national exporters are expected. The optimistic scenario assumes successful decarbonization and digitalization of the technological structure of the industrial complex. Its implementation ensures the achievement of "carbon neutrality" of the economy in 2060 and the achievement of other target indicators and qualitative changes planned in the official state strategies for environmental policy and economic development for 2030. However, it requires a significant increase in innovative activity - at the level of results of low-carbon EU-27 leaders, which has taken on heightened commitments to achieve "carbon neutrality". The key condition for the implementation of the optimistic scenario is the participation of Ukraine in international projects to prevent climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to substantiation of theoretical bases of mechanisms of formation of effective logistics of commodity markets on the basis of the reproduction approach. There are four approaches to defining the essence of the economic category of «mechanism», namely: (1) organizational and coordination; (2) managerial; (3) evolutionary; (4) complex. Based on a comprehensive approach, the author's definition of the category «mechanism for the formation of efficient logistics of commodity markets» with an emphasis on the reproduction purpose of market logistics has been proposed. The comparative analysis of mechanisms of formation of market logistics of different types has been carried out: logistic interaction, managerial and complex. It has been emphasized that the implementation of a comprehensive mechanism involves a combination of organizational methods with socio-economic, administrative and institutional methods of influencing the object of management. The relationships and interactions of logistics mechanisms at the micro and macro levels, the interpenetration of different methods and ways of management in mechanisms of different types have been studied. It has been emphasized that the logistics component is integrated into certain organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the development of the national economy and its sectors. The state, as a regulator of commodity markets, forms the institutional environment and develops mechanisms for implementing economic, environmental and social policies that regulate the flow processes of commodity markets. The theoretical and methodological basis of the complex mechanism of formation of effective logistics of commodity markets has been developed. The expediency of the managerial influence of the state has been substantiated, on the one hand, on the logistical «gaps» of the flow processes of commodity markets to ensure their logistical integrity, on the other hand, on the leading links of strategic markets to optimize the structural construction of the market chain. Emphasis is placed on the cyclical nature of the process of diagnosis and regulation of «gaps» and the leading links in the chain, the importance of providing feedback between the subject and the object of control. Methodical provisions of diagnostics of efficiency of regulation of leading links of market chains on the basis of synthesis of reproduction and regulatory approaches has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Country Strategy Papers provide comprehensive development and achievement of the 2030 goals, where inclusive growth is a priority for environmental policy and a vector for shaping sustainable European environmental values in society and bringing legislation in line with international standards. The main stages of development of inclusive growth show that only in the conditions of socio-ecological and economic-political inclusion can the state enter the world arena. Renewal and strengthening country positions on inclusion basing is the way of achievement grounded "from below-up" cooperation between authorities, business and society. The development of environmental management, as economic indicator of country prosperity, requires more effective state control, from the process of extracting natural resources for entrepreneurial activities and procedures to conserve resources for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of environmentally responsible business in Ukraine and in the world have been considered in the article. In particular, it was found that the global business pays considerable attention to the greening of its activities, because such measures are supported by the state at the legislative level, and companies receive many economic preferences. In addition, there is a growing trend around the globe that shows business environmental responsibility. In Ukraine, such intentions have been approved, but there are still many companies that do not consider it necessary to be environmentally responsible, as evidenced by the low ranking of Ukraine in terms of the environmental sustainability index and the lack of Ukrainian companies in the Top 10 world companies in terms of environmental performance. In addition, the expenditures on environmental protection in Ukraine are small and do not exceed 0,8 % of the total budget expenditures. The authors have identified the main obstacles to the environmental responsibility of Ukrainian business; main tools that will contribute to solving environmental problems; environmental policy principles and the main tasks and directions of domestic enterprises’ environmental responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, hotels and restaurants are increasingly in demand. This is due to the high occupancy and active life of a modern person. The above-mentioned institutions in the process of their functioning bear irreversible environmental impacts. Studies conducted reveal a complete picture of the problems associated with the functioning of the hotel and restaurant complex, including the impact on the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere; consumption of resources; accumulation of solid waste and risks. In the course of the research the factors that influence and cause additional environmental burden are estimated. For the investigated hotel and restaurant enterprise the ecological policy is formed, the introduction of which will reduce the negative impact of the enterprise due to the formation of the organizational, technical and technological component. The influence of the hotel-restaurant complex on the environment by the method of relevant tables or the Leo-polda matrices is analyzed and evaluated. The register of environmental aspects of the hotel-restaurant complex, namely input, output and risk, has been developed; Subdivisions and processes that have a significant impact on the environment are identified. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that significant environmental impacts of sewage water pollution, which are contaminated with synthetic detergents. It was determined that the main pollutants entering the environment in the process of functioning of the hotel-restaurant complex are fluoro-chloro-organic compounds. The work identifies the environmental aspects of the enterprise and provides recommendations for improving the level of environmental safety of the hotel and restaurant business. In the course of research, it was determined that the hotel and restaurant company has a significant negative impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The paper is dedicated to basic framework for analyzing the Energy and Environment Policy and applicable law of Ukraine in the context of Rio Convention demands and their gradual integration into the national energy policy. The practical significance. A lot of ways in economic adjustment of nature-oriented sphere in power economy were offered for business stimulation with a view to conditions creating for forming and introduction the corporate responsibility for environmental risks of fuel and energy complex enterprises' business activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]