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Samuil Kaplan (1921-1978) was a productive and famous astrophysicist. He was affiliated with a number of scientific centers in different cities of the former Soviet Union. During the earliest 13 years of his career, namely in 1948-1961, he worked at the Lviv University in Ukraine. In the present paper, the Lviv period of his life and scientific activity is described on the basis of archival materials and his published studies. Kaplan arrived in Lviv in June 1948, the same month when he obtained the degree of the Candidate of Science. He was a head of the astrophysics sector at the Astronomical Observatory of the University, a professor of the department for theoretical physics, as well as the founder and head of a station for optical observations of artificial satellites of the Earth. He was active in the organization of an astronomical observatory outside the city. During the years in Lviv, Kaplan wrote more than 80 articles and 3 monographs in 9 areas. At that time, his focus was on the stability of circular orbits in the Schwarzschild field, on the white dwarf theory, on space gas dynamics, on cosmic plasma physics and turbulence, on the acceleration of cosmic rays, on the physics of interstellar medium, on the physics and evolution of stars, on cosmology and gravitation, and on the optical observations of the Earth's artificial satellites. Some of his findings are fundamental to the development of theory in those fields as well as of observational techniques. The paper presents a complete bibliography of Kaplan's works published during the Lviv period and reviews his respective scientific achievements in the light of the current state of research in those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principle of historicism, system analysis, structural functionalism, dialectics and synergetics, the paper analyzes the charter and activity the of the Lviv Society of Halician Physicians, the first trade union organization in the medical sphere. Contemporary codition as well as development of historiography of the issue including the history of the medical and trade union movement, the names of the Society founders is shown. The crucial problem among physicians of the second half of the nineteenth century which was in line with the problems of all population segments is proved. This organization played a prominent role in the development of medicine in Halychyna. The activity of the Society was regulated by the charter. Each member, when joining the Society, assumed the obligation to comply with all the provisions of the charter and had to care for its growth and the glory of the organization. Acting members had to be present at scientific meetings and provide observations on the status of the medical case. That is, to provide statistics on the diseases and patients they have been treated, as well as to share the experience gained in practice. The purpose of the organization and its activities were primarily socio-economic and cultural-educational ones. Under its control, the Society kept a record of the movement of patients in Lviv hospitals (kept statistics of all cured patients), analyzed new methods in the treatment of fever, various pathologies and other issues. The members of the Society promised to meet every first Saturday of the month to participate in scientific meetings. They discussed major events in the life of the organization, read correspondence and planned work for the next month. Once a year, in December, the Society of Galician physicions held an annual meeting, which provided a full annual financial report, discussed the issues of new members and those who left the organization, announced the names of new honorary and advisory members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article the issues of financial capacities mobilization of amalgamated territorial communities for intensification of their investment and innovative activity are considered. It will contribute to the systemic development of the regional (territorial) economy. Ensuring the increase of financial and investment potential of the territorial economy is impossible without a quantitative assessment of its volume and level. To assess the level of the region’s provision with its own financial and investment potential, we used a method of assessing the ratio of net and gross volume of financial and investment potential. Calculations have shown that in 2010—2018 in the economy of Ukraine there was a general trend in increase of number of regions with a free savings deficit, that could have been attracted into the investment process. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the asymmetry of regional economic development. Regions with developed industry faced the least problems with the formation of financial and investment potential. Our suggestions are to develop the entrepreneurial potential in the direction of establishing import substitution in order to increase the territorial community’s own financial resources. The authors’ idea of choosing the industry for the organization of import-substituting productions is tested on the example of Lviv region. This idea is to direct financial and investment resources to those sectors of industry that will have good consumer prospects, in spite the fact that their market share is insignificant due to the imports. As a result, regions (territories) will have the opportunity to produce consumer goods and mobilize domestic resources, and at the same time attract and accumulate external financial and investment resources. We believe that such strategy will ensure the effective socio-economic development of the regional (territorial) economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]