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The article is devoted to the study of the main trends in the development of agricultural cooperation legislation and to the clarification of the place of agricultural cooperatives among subjects of agrarian legal relations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the process of gradual liquidation of agricultural production cooperatives, which began in the early 2000s and ended with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine dated July 21, 2020 «About Agricultural Cooperation». A comparative characterization of agricultural service cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives which operates without profit, also agricultural production cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives which operates for profit, was carried out. The conditions for assigning «new» agricultural cooperatives to the group of agricultural producers are determined. The main directions of state financial support of agricultural cooperation are analyzed. The author came to the conclusion that the development of Ukrainian agrarian legislation shows a steady tendency to transform agricultural cooperatives either into processing enterprises or into business entities whose activities are primarily aimed at serving small commodity producers - farms. Thus, agricultural cooperatives are gradually losing the features inherent in agricultural commodity producers, which negatively affects, for example, on their number. This does not contribute to the implementation of such a business principle as ensuring economic diversity and equal protection by the state of all business entities (Article 6 of the Commercial Code of Ukraine), also ensuring food security of our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The goal of the study was to assess trends in providing food security with a special emphasis on efficiency of the local fisheries and offer evidence-based improvements, which can improve resource management and protect disadvantaged population in the Maldives from nutrition insecurity aggravated by strong import dependency. Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of this study was a set of modern qualitative economic and quantitative mathematical methods including factor analyses, econometric and optimisation modelling. This approach ensured holistic research and reasonable recommendations on providing food security and maintaining efficient fisheries management compared to international experience and intrinsic aspects that determine a fish catch and consumption in the Maldives. Results. The conclusions of the paper relate to the further development of fisheries to combat the identified negative trends in domestic fish consumption and an unstable fish catch by atoll in the Maldives. The conducted factor analysis detected relationships between a fish catch, fishing trips, engaged vessels, fish species, and fishing methods. The study findings proved the optimal locations where it is advisable to establish additional fish storages and ice plants taking into account indicators of a poverty rate, a share of children, and a population density. The research conclusions allow the authors to state that the outlined scientific proposals can essentially improve food security in the Maldives, which is threatened by land shortage and overpopulation. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work is in presenting a clarified picture of challenges that Maldivian fishermen face nowadays. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of weaknesses in fisheries management and the proposals of areas of potential growth that are crucial for ensuring food security not only on poor islands but for the whole country. Practical value / implications. The main practical value of the research results is the development of recommendations for increasing fish catch and organising post-harvest processing, which are vital for the Maldivian fishery, as it is the country's main export sector. In addition, the study contributes to food security in the Maldives through proposed interventions aimed at supporting the most disadvantaged populations in the scattered atolls.

The article covers the issue of ensuring food security of the state, through the prism of guaranteeing labor rights of agricultural employees. Proper protection of the labor rights of agricultural employees will help to increase the level of their social protection and contribute to the stable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The basic concepts that would combine various aspects of the legal status of agricultural employees into a single concept are analyzed in detail. We have analyzed the following criteria for classification of employees of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine: by functional responsibilities, by qualification level, which confirms the ability to perform tasks and responsibilities of the relevant work, by the form of employment, by the organizational and legal form of the economy, by specialization, by age and gender characteristics. It is established that agricultural employees in Ukraine are not a homogeneous group, and their legal status may vary depending on socio-economic conditions. The main professions in agriculture are investigated, it is proved that skilled agricultural employees have professions that provide knowledge necessary for agricultural production, and their professional tasks are to grow crops. The concept that the basic rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine are distributed equally to agricultural employees, regardless of the organizational and legal forms of enterprises in which they work is analyzed. The criteria for determining enterprises, institutions and organizations that are important for the national economy in the field of agriculture in a special period are investigated. It has been found that the criteria for determining agricultural enterprises for booking their employees from mobilization in Ukraine may include various aspects that ensure the continuous activity of the agricultural sector, especially in conditions of martial law. It has been concluded that the reservation of employees of agricultural enterprises from mobilization should be based on an integrated approach that takes into account both economic and social, strategic and defensive aspects. This will help ensure the smooth functioning of critical agricultural processes, which is key to maintaining Ukraine's food security and economic stability in war conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the legal problems and prospects of ensuring the irrigation of agricultural land in conditions of a lack of traditional water resources. Modern hydromelioration reform in the form in which it is currently implemented is not a panacea. It mostly solves property and administrativefunctional issues, but leaves a call for attention to environmental and natural resource problems. In view of the tendency to decrease the quantity and quality of water in the country, the question arises about the prospects of irrigation under such conditions. In recent decades, there has been a constant search for innovative solutions of not only technological, but also legal nature in the world for solving the complex problems of distributing limited resources and providing agriculture with vital moisture for maintaining food security. The objective problem of the lack of water suitable for irrigation against the background of the rapid growth of such needs is getting worse every year and in the long run can endanger the food security of the country. World experience demonstrates the approbation of various approaches to solving the problem of sufficient irrigation. According to the main way of achieving the goal, these approaches are presented by us in the form of three groups: 1) use of alternative sources of water resources (use of underground water, treated wastewater, desalinated salt water); 2) application of alternative irrigation technologies (modernization of irrigation systems; use of micro-irrigation); 3) use of alternative crops (voluntary and mandatory transition). Having analyzed the foreign and domestic experience of the legal regulation of selected methods of solving the problem of water shortage for irrigation, it is possible to trace some general trends: a) self-removal of the state from the implementation of large-scale irrigation projects, the need for which is generated by global environmental challenges; b) slow ecological transformation of legislation regulating agricultural irrigation; c) the predominance of separate legal norms and separate legal mechanisms aimed at regulating alternative irrigation, and the lack of comprehensive regulatory and legal support for the reconstruction of the irrigation system taking into account objective environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of utilising the work of agro-industrial companies in the sustainable development of Azerbaijan. Thus, the study assessed the essence of the concept of Environmental, Social, and Governance, and its role for the state and enterprises. It was concluded that in recent years, more and more attention has been paid to this kind of principles in the corporate world, as companies realise the importance of solving environmental and social problems to attract investors and develop sustainable practices. This is also consistent with the concept of corporate social responsibility, which emphasises the ethical obligations of business to society. The analysis of investment flows in such companies in the agricultural sector has shown that they can significantly expand the scope of their activities and accelerate the introduction of sustainable agriculture methods around the world. It was concluded that, given the benefits that investments in these companies bring to the country, it is important to include programmes aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of such companies in the framework of national policy. In addition, targeted government support for such companies is effective. All this remains especially relevant in the realities of Azerbaijan, as a country with a transitional economy with a fairly high role for the agricultural sector (at least within the framework of food security), and the need for economic diversification. The results obtained in the framework of the study can be used to formulate a long-term development strategy for Azerbaijan in the context of combating climate change in the agro-industrial sector

The livestock industry has experienced rapid growth, and the demand for livestock products is projected to continue increasing quickly due to population growth, improved living standards, and urbanisation. This article aims to assess the feasibility of utilising the created model for growing animal feed for meat-producing livestock during the standard planning phase of economic development. The authors categorise wheat as a reference culture. The study utilised analysis, statistical methods, economic modelling, and mathematical modelling. The authors assess the potential of utilising the created model to cultivate feed for livestock intended for meat production during the standard planning phase of economic development. The model predicts cost-effective feed. The authors’ economic model enables the growth of the feed base, reduces the reliance on imported feed, and facilitates the expansion of meat breeds, which is the unique aspect of the study. The study emphasises the importance of strategically distributing, specialising, and concentrating beef cattle breeding in particular natural and economic contexts. It also highlights the significance of integrating large-scale production with medium and small agricultural enterprises in the meat industry. The study’s practical significance lies in utilising specific structures and controlling the share of imports in feed production, along with restricting feed supply and ready-made food additives to guarantee food security

Under martial law on the territory of Ukraine, insurance of agricultural products becomes particular relevance, since the danger of losing future crops is scaled not only due to the traditional hazards (agronomic, natural and climatic, financial and economic, etc.), but also due to the presence of wartime risks. The scientific novelty of the presented article lies in the substantiation of the expediency of further development of agrarian insurance in Ukraine, taking into account the global experience and European experience in particular. The article identifies the key problems that impede the functioning of the agrarian insurance market in Ukraine. Based on the results of the study, a comparative analysis of the existing models of functioning of agrarian insurance markets in the countries of the European Union is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are substantiated. The importance of insurance for a sustainable development of agribusiness and ensuring the country’s food security is emphasized. Summarizing the current trends in the pan-European agrarian insurance market, the authors of the article emphasize the expediency of diversification of insurance protection of agricultural producers by expanding the range of insurance services (microinsurance, index and classic insurance). On the basis of a generalization, an analysis of the key parameters of the development of the agrarian insurance market in Ukraine for 2019–2022 is carried out, the authors’ proposals aimed at forming a model of public-private partnership are formulated, the expediency of strengthening social responsibility and increasing the stability of communication links between stakeholders of the agrarian insurance market, as well as ensuring comprehensive digitalization of the insurance process, is substantiated. The implementation of these measures is considered in the context of adaptation of the national agrarian insurance market to the pan-European insurance space.

The study related to cash flows of agricultural enterprises is relevant, since the agricultural sector is one of the key sectors of the national economy, and food security of Ukraine is becoming a strategic priority in the context of post-war reconstruction and requires effective management approaches to increase investment attractiveness and sustainable development in the field of agricultural activities. The purpose of this study was to analyse, develop, and improve the existing priority approaches to cash flow management for the financial security of agribusiness, considering the accounting and analytical aspect. Among the methods used were the statistical method, forecasting, and financial modelling methods, analytical method, and discounting method. During the study, an analytical assessment and modelling of the prospects for changes in the net cash flow of an agricultural enterprise in the medium term was carried out, the need to use actuarial accounting and reporting to attract the necessary amount of foreign investment in the development of the industry in the context of financial security of farmers was determined. The role of actuarial accounting support in managing the value of agribusiness for its financial security was investigated. The study modelled the process of cash flow management at the agricultural enterprise PJSC “Agrofirma “Provesin”. The study investigated actuarial information support from the actuarial accounting system for assessing the prospective changes in the property potential of agribusiness. It was noted that cash flow management in agriculture involves the use of innovative accounting and analytical management support, which would help to improve the image of investment attractiveness in foreign markets. The practical significance of this study lies in the development of concrete practical recommendations for the top management of agricultural enterprises to effectively attract the necessary amount of financial resources for sustainable development and post-war recovery of agribusiness

The development of an effective seed production system in Ukraine is conditioned both by its key role in ensuring seed, food, and national security of the country and by the emergence of new challenges and threats that affect the functioning of the system and need to be countered to eliminate or mitigate their negative impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian seed production system and to identify new challenges and threats to national interests. The methodological framework of this study included the dialectical method of scientific cognition, which was used to establish the relationship between the object of study, which is the seed production system of Ukraine, and events and phenomena occurring in nature and society that have a substantial impact on the object of the study. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalisation, and comparative analysis were also used. The study analysed the conditions of functioning of the breeding and seed production system in Ukraine and identified current trends that characterise its internal state. The study identified challenges and threats to the national seed production system that pose a threat to the seed, food, and national security of Ukraine. The study analysed destructive processes in the functioning of the national seed production system, which can lead to its degradation and destruction. Measures to overcome the consequences of the negative factors in the system of breeding and seed production in Ukraine were substantiated. The study scientifically substantiated the principal criteria for the development of an effective national seed production system. The study provided a reasoning for the need for long-term investment in breeding activities and identified priority areas of state support for the seed production system in Ukraine. The conclusions, proposals, and practical recommendations are of practical importance and can be used in the development of relevant programmes and measures aimed at supporting the development of seed production, specifically, breeding activities in Ukraine, and ensuring fair remuneration to breeders who are the authors of new productive crop varieties

The conditions and trends of the global agri-food market are elastic to crises and conflicts involving major market players, which threatens food security by blocking sustainable international trade opportunities due to the destruction of production capacity and value chains, as well as supply channels to consumer countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific features and consequences of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict on world agricultural trade and food security at the national and global levels. The scientific conclusions are the result of the application of economic and statistical (time series, index, and factor analysis) and dialectical (induction and deduction, analysis, and synthesis) methods of scientific cognition. It was found that the universal features of wars include the ability to influence the global economy, create new geopolitical and economic uncertainty, rapidly increase prices for critical resources (energy), and ensure destabilisation of global value chains. As a result, the disruption of sustainable trade flows caused by military conflicts is an important source of changes in the global economy and the situation of individual countries and regions. It was proved that military operations on the territory of Ukraine led to restrictions in agriculture and forced adaptation of agribusiness to the factors of critical vulnerability. There are trends towards a reduction in production and the breakdown of conventional supply chains for agri-food products due to the destruction of the logistics infrastructure, which, together with a reduction in exports of agricultural products and fertilisers from Russia, has led to a rise in world food prices. As a result, the “price” of the Russian-Ukrainian war for the global economy is being formed, with growing hunger and poverty, as well as the environmental footprint of military operations. The practical significance of the findings of this study lies in the possibility of their application in strategic planning and substantiation of the areas of post-war reconstruction of the national economy in general and its agricultural sector specifically, as well as the restoration and strengthening of Ukraine’s role in global food chains and combating hunger

The article examines the position of the food and agricultural organization of the United Nations regarding support for agriculture to reach the level of environmentally safe sustainable development. It is very relevant, due to the fact that at this stage of the development of civilization, there is an increase in the consumption of natural resources, which leads to an ecological burden on agricultural systems and, as a result, various problems in the provision of ecological and food security arise, the solution of them requires a comprehensive approach. The article examines in which directions the legal regulation of environmental security in agriculture is carried out and analyzes the current legislation according to the following criteria: ensuring environmental security during the use of certain natural resources in the implementation of agricultural activities: land, water, atmospheric air, etc.; ensuring environmental security in the process of using auxiliary means in the implementation of agricultural activities: agrochemicals, pesticides, etc. The following groups: ensuring environmental security in the process of using machinery, technologies, equipment, the latest developments, etc. in the implementation of agricultural activities and ensuring environmental security in the disposal of agricultural waste, will be analyzed in detail in further scientific works. It is worth noting that in each selected group internal division is possible according to individual characteristics. Special attention is paid to the legal regulation of environmental security in the process of land use, because it is the main means of agricultural production. In the work, special attention is paid to the analysis of the legislation on ensuring environmental security in the process of using pesticides and agrochemicals in the implementation of agricultural activities, since environmental and food security directly depends on their use. It is noted that some provisions are controversial, do not have specific requirements for ensuring environmental security and do not meet the modern requirements of sustainable development of agriculture. The concept of sustainable agriculture is considered and ecologically safe, natural methods of increasing productivity and pest control are proposed. It is noted that for the development of sustainable agriculture, all the specified methods should be reflected in the environmental policy of the state and, subsequently, in the legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This research aims to determine the level of motivation of the target audience (group, farmer associations (Gapoktan) or farm) and factors that influence motivation in participating in the implementation of the Toko Tani Indonesia (TTI) program. Methodology / approach. This research was conducted by direct interview method with all Farmer Shops and Gapoktan / Poktan in three regions in Central Java, namely Semarang City, Sukoharjo Regency, and Grobogan Regency. Data collection is carried out using a questionnaire with a Likert scale measurement. The methods used for analysis are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). Results. The results show that the motivation level of TTI actors is high, meaning that program implementers in the field have a substantial boost from social, economic, and socio-economic factors. These results indicate that this food security program can be implemented well because field implementers can feel the overall positive impact. Furthermore, in SEM analysis, factors influencing motivation show that mediating variables for capacity and perception significantly correlate with motivation. Meanwhile, the government support and characteristics variables have a significant relationship with the mediation variables. Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty of this study is the analysis of research conducted on the motivation of food security program actors with the object of study that is rarely used as research, namely the PUPM Program through the Indonesian Farmer Shop (TTI). This program aims to stabilise prices and solve supply chain problems in Indonesia. This is so that rice prices do not harm farmers or the community. Therefore, the value of this study is that it attempts to answer the question of how to influence the motivation and sustainability of the program so that the government, together with the community and stakeholders, can ensure national food security. Practical value / implications. The research results can be a recommendation for related parties and policymakers to continue implementing the TTI program to implement national food security. This study shows that the government can use these factors to maintain and increase motivation to maximise program implementation; so that the objectives of this program can be implemented and the program can be continued for the following periods.

Purpose. This study examines the causal relationship between total expenditures and food availability and identifies their shocks in food availability in Saudi Arabia. Methodology / approach. The study uses a multivariate modeling technique of the Vector Autoregression (VAR) and its environment, the Granger Causality Test, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD), and Impulse Response Function (IRF) for the observation period of 2000–2020 in Saudi Arabia. Results. The results of the Granger causality show that investment expenditure has a significant impact on food availability in Saudi Arabia. However, consumption and government expenditures do affect food availability in Saudi Arabia, but have an indirect effect. The Impulse Response Functions show that the shocks of the selected variables require a long period to reach the long-run equilibrium level and the greatest response of the food availability variable is explained by its own shock and investment expenditure shocks. Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty of this study is related to the investigation of a new model and focus on a new perspective. While traditional food security research has mostly concentrated on agricultural production, availability, and accessibility of food, as well as nutrition and health outcomes factors, this research conveys a new dimension by highlighting the link between total expenditure and food security. Their contribution expands the scope of food security research and highlights the impact of recognising the role of total expenditure in implementing and supporting food security at the household level. Practical value / implications. It is important to design strategies and develop a budgeting plan to allocate a reasonable portion of total consumption and government expenditures on food items. Adding, regularly reviewing, and adapting the budgeting plan based on new challenges, and evolving priorities are essential to address the dynamic nature of food security.

Purpose. The research aims to formulate recommendations for sustainable food security regulation taking into account the agriculture intensification’s impact on public health, health-associated economic loss, and regional variations of these effects. Methodology / approach. The impact of agricultural intensification on public health was analysed using national and regional (climate zones) data on cancer cases per 100,000 population and mineral fertiliser application per hectare of sown area from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2010–2019. Regression analyses were performed using GRETL 2022c, employing OLS and ARMAX models. Additionally, health-related economic losses from contaminated food consumption in 2020 were estimated based on regional environmental damage assessments and data on environmental damage structure. These assessments informed and guided the suggestions of an organisational and economic framework essential for sustainable food security regulation. Results. Based on global research experiences, we identified a notable positive correlation between cancer morbidity and the application of mineral fertilisers in Ukraine, both on a national scale and within four distinct natural geographical zones. These findings highlight the imperative to reconceptualise the notion of food security by incorporating the dimension of human health. Given the eco-destructive nature of the agricultural environment and the socio-ecological and economic factors influencing public health, we articulate the structural and functional elements of an organisational and economic framework essential for the sustainable regulation of food security. Originality / scientific novelty. The research results underscore the need to redefine the concept of food security to encompass the dimension of human health. Moreover, it evaluates the economic losses related to health state resulting from consuming contaminated food across various natural and climatic zones. It demonstrates that a harmonious coexistence of food security objectives and the preservation of human health can be achieved by developing a suitable organisational and economic framework for sustainable food security regulation. Practical value / implications. The comprehensive assessment of environmental and economic damage to public health caused by contaminated food consumption, considering regional contexts and natural geographical zones, enables determining the scale of environmental, economic and medical risks and, thus, making adequate and optimal management decisions in sustainable food security regulation based on ecologisation of agricultural production.

The role of agriculture in ensuring food security, creating jobs, and generating export earnings makes it particularly relevant to analyse the impact of this sector on the socio-economic development of the country. The research aims to analyse and assess the impact of agriculture on the socio-economic development of Uzbekistan. To achieve the goal, the indicators of the agricultural sector and socio-economic development from 2013 to 2022 were analysed. It is established that the natural resources of Uzbekistan play a crucial role in the development of agriculture. The analysis of diversified trends in agriculture emphasises the key role of this sector in the socio-economic progress of the country. Despite the variability, the growth in the share of agricultural land and rural population indicates the still high importance of agriculture. However, the decline in value added in the agricultural, forestry and fisheries sectors, as well as the low growth rate of cereal yields, reflects the current challenges in this area. Rising unemployment rates, as well as changes in exports and inflation rates, point to difficulties in the socioeconomic environment. In this light, the prospects for agricultural development as a key agent in improving the socio-economic situation are particularly important. Effective resource management, productivity improvement, job generation, product promotion and expansion of production are all important areas for future development. A strategic approach to agricultural development requires the implementation of complementary measures such as public financial support, mobilisation of investment, use of evaluation ratings and improved public policies. The findings of the study can be used to adapt public policies and programmes in the agricultural sector, as well as to identify priority areas for investment and resources for sustainable economic development

The research investigates how recent crises in Ukraine have affected its agricultural exports to the European Union and the global market. It aims to establish a solid foundation for future economic forecasts in Ukraine. This includes developing relevant theories and methods, along with practical recommendations. The study will use economic and mathematical models to analyze the connection between national trade (turnover) and Ukraine's GDP. It will also examine the relationship between export levels and Ukraine's overall economic output. Nearly 30 years of progress for Ukraine's economy were disrupted by the war in the east. This unprecedented conflict created a major challenge. One key issue is that Ukraine's economy still relies heavily on exporting raw materials. The country sells products abroad that haven't been significantly processed. This has contributed to a negative trade balance since 2008 (except for 2014-2015), which reached a high of $8.7 billion in 2022. The war in Ukraine, combined with rising food costs and the ongoing pandemic, threatens global food security. Countries already facing conflict and crisis are especially vulnerable to this domino effect. It's important to note that Ukraine is a major food supplier to the European Union, ranking fourth overall. They are a crucial source of grains (including corn and wheat), vegetable oils, and oilseeds (especially rapeseed). Before the war, the EU was also one of Ukraine's most important trading partners. The study used economic and mathematical models to analyze the relationship between trade activity and economic growth in Ukraine. The results showed a clear positive correlation. This means that higher trade activity (turnover) leads to higher GDP. Specifically, a 10% increase in Ukraine's overall trade would be associated with a 12.4% increase in GDP. The research also found a positive correlation between exports and GDP. In other words, increasing exports by 10% could boost Ukraine's GDP by 9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the possibilities of using integration processes as the basis for innovationoriented management in the livestock sector in the post-war period and the advantages of large livestock enterprises, which provide greater opportunities for the use of labor and labor resources, deepening of production specialization, and introduction of resource and energy-saving technologies. It is noted that the motive for the development of integration and inter-farm cooperation is the economic law of the advantage of large-scale production over small-scale production. Integration and inter-economic cooperation in the industry is developing in three main directions: as a factor of ensuring closer ties between economic entities; as a factor of improving organizational forms of management in the industry through the creation of inter-economic organizations and associations; as a factor of improving management on an innovative basis in existing organizational forms of management. It is emphasized that the large-scale implementation of the system of innovation-oriented management in the livestock sector on the basis of integration and inter-farm cooperation is currently associated with certain difficulties: firstly, it is necessary to carry out appropriate training of specialists in the field of modern management; secondly, the change in the mindset of enterprise managers occurs in an evolutionary way over a long period of time. The main advantage of this management system, in our opinion, is the ability to ensure an optimal relationship between individual technological processes in the livestock sector, which leads to an increase in the production of livestock products and food security of the country. In view of this, innovation-oriented production management, as a set of technological processes, biological resources (assets) and employees involved in production, requires additional comprehensive theoretical and practical research, mainly from the standpoint of improving the organizational and economic characteristics of production through the use of innovative approaches to management and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to examine the current concept of food security in Ukraine in order to determine its compliance with current challenges to the functioning of the national food system and to substantiate priority measures within the framework of the national food policy. It is assumed that the low level of citizens’ incomes is the main challenge to the country's food security, which causes insufficient food consumption and excessive expenses for food purchases. This assumption is confirmed on the basis of international comparisons. The quantitative parameters of the influence of the volume of agricultural production and the size of per capita income of households on the economic accessibility of food are determined with the help of multiple linear regression. A forecast has been made about reaching the EU average indicator of the share of food and non-alcoholic beverages expenses in the structure of total household expenses. It is concluded that there is a need to apply the best US experience in maintaining and stimulating food demand through the SNAP program. It is concluded that the limited resources of the country's low-income citizens pose the main threat to the food security of Ukrainian households. This conclusion is drawn from an analysis of the actual indicators of the daily energy value of the diet of Ukrainian households, the share of spending on food products and non-alcoholic beverages in the overall household expenditure, and a comparison of these indicators with those of the USA, the EU, and the OECD. The results of multiple linear regression calculations and the development of an econometric model support the conclusion that the increase in food availability for Ukrainian households is 61% dependent on per capita income and only 30% dependent on the amount of per capita agro-food production. For the first time, the national food security regulatory framework was critically analyzed to determine whether it complies with contemporary challenges. Additionally, quantitative parameters of the influence of per capita income and agricultural production volumes on the economic accessibility of food were established. The significance of the research lies in the fact that its results provide a scientific substantiation of the methodological aspects and practical measures of the state food policy, aimed at achieving food security through programs for maintaining and stimulating food demand, primarily targeted assistance programs with food stamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to determine the state of economic security, ways to ensure its level, and ways to restore socio-economic development under the cumulative impact of threats. In order to realize this goal, an expert assessment of the components of economic security provided and the need to take into account the component of military-economic security indicated. It indicated that the task of neutralizing threats to military and economic security opens up new windows of opportunity, in particular opportunities in ensuring socio-economic development. Prerequisites for the use of opportunity windows are defined. The dynamic nature of threats of war that require institutional measures for permanent monitoring of dynamic threats, their operational analytical assessment and the introduction of tactics to neutralize threats and reduce their long-term negative impact, are indicated. An analysis of the state economic security provided, directions for improving this state by components of economic security indicated. The main factors on which the well-being of the country's population depends are determined, the effects of crises on the indicators of the levels of income and expenditure of the population analyzed, and the drivers of the deterioration of well-being are established. It noted that the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of households led to the narrowing of the domestic market, which had a negative impact on the functioning of SMEs. It indicated that this created a negative inverse multiplier effect on the well-being of the population. The negative effects of the crisis, which led to a reduction in production volumes in the agricultural sector, were identified. It indicated that this significantly limited the ability of the branch to fulfil food security tasks. Proposed ways to reduce the negative impact of war on agricultural production to ensure food security. The directions and recommendations for economic and food security and restoring socio-economic development are specified.

The article examines the legal aspects of the agricultural cooperation, which is important for the economic and social development of the state, especially in war and post-war times, as the basis for ensuring food and environmental security in Ukraine. The concepts of «sustainable agriculture», «food security» and «environmental security» are considered. It has been established that at the present stage limited attention is paid to the issue of implementing sustainable agriculture as a priority direction for achieving food and environmental security of Ukraine. It was determined that in order to implement sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to harmonize social, ecological and economic factors in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine, especially in the field of agricultural cooperation. It is emphasized that there is an insufficient level of synergy between the environmental and agrarian policies of the state, environmental factors are not sufficiently integrated into the system of agrarian relations, into cooperative legislation, particularly in the context of the agricultural cooperation. In conditions of European integration processes, the specialized Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation» is not fully oriented towards ensuring sustainable agriculture: it does not contain the term «sustainable agriculture» or provisions on environmental protection, food and environmental security. The Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation» also does not cover environmental aspects. In the course of the study, it was substantiated that a necessary condition for the proper implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, the introduction of sustainable agriculture in Ukraine in the field of the agricultural cooperation is the strengthening of the legal framework, the creation of an appropriate legal field that will reflect the focus of agricultural cooperation on achieving sustainable agriculture, as well as ensuring food and environmental security. In this context proposals for improving the cooperative legislation of Ukraine are made in the article.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the full-scale Russian invasion on February 24, 2022 and the ongoing war on Ukraine increased food security vulnerabilities around the world, creating new problems for the already volatile markets of the post-pandemic period. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of the «perfect storm» in the global economy on food security and identify directions for mitigating the emerging threats. It is proved that the existing food security crisis is caused by many factors, and there is also a need to restore global reserves. This process would be significantly accelerated if Ukraine were able to resume its role in the global food market. However, the war goes on, which continues to have a negative impact on production and generates uncertainty about food security. According to the results of the carried out analysis, it is determined that the interaction of international organizations in the field of food security and government agencies is a very important factor in solving issues of stabilizing the level of food security. Certainly, not all potential threats can be predicted if they are natural, geopolitical or of economic nature, but the interaction of FAO and similar organizations with analytical associations can contribute to a partial solution to this problem. It is substantiated that the transformation of the food sector should be inclusive, ensuring the active involvement of all its actors (for example, governments, international organizations, companies, farmers, etc.) in the development and implementation of targeted measures. In addition, this transformation is connected with the implementation of policies that reduce dependence on several exporting countries and replace corn and wheat with local crops, as well as the development of domestic food systems aimed at creating a network of short supply chains based on seasonal products. This will make it possible to mitigate the risks of food security in the global economy in the medium term.

The article deals with the actuality of the problem of food security, the complex nature of the problem is substantiated. It is confirmed that food security is connected with human right to food; therefore it should be supported by international organizations and countries. The state of food security, formation of which was affected by changes both in the global and regional context, was analyzed. The state of food security in the countries of the Middle East was studied through the prism of threats to food security that occurred against the background of demographic, climatic and security challenges. The relationship between food security and socioeconomic processes was clarified. The influence of insufficient productivity of agricultural sector, land degradation, limited access to water resources, conflicts, demographic and social factors on the state of food security in the region was analyzed. The role of supporting agricultural sector at the level of international organizations to increase the level of food security is ascertained. The main types of support for the development of agriculture were analyzed using OECD indicators and their evaluation was carried out for some countries in the Middle East. Measures to improve food security in the region that take in account attracting funds and implementing special programs were considered on the example of Turkey. Recommendations for improving agricultural policy, developing infrastructure, supporting agriculture and promoting innovative approaches to ensure food security in the region were suggested.

Modern economic conditions require the intensification of partnership, cooperation and network interaction based on the creation of cluster structures in various spheres of economic activity; association of small enterprises for the proper execution of contracts (cooperation); joint activities of two or more companies and different groups of stakeholders to achieve a common goal and synergistic effect (collaboration). The article studies and generalizes foreign experience of formation of cluster structures in the agrarian sector, which are a powerful means and opportunity for structural institutional changes in the national economies of different countries of the world. A statistical analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of activity of economic entities in the agrarian sector of Ukraine is carried out. The correlation coefficients of Pearson, Spearman and Fechner are computed to determine the correlation between gross value added and agricultural output; volumes of produced and sold agricultural products; value added by production costs and volume of capital investment in agriculture. Based on the carried out analysis, the key obstacles to the development of the agrarian sector associated with russia’s full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine have been identified. It is substantiated that in order to remove the above barriers, it is expedient to form an appropriate infrastructure support for the domestic development of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of creating a cluster structure. A structural and logical diagram of the process of strategic management of development of agrocluster structures in Ukraine has been built. It is found that an effective implementation of the mechanism of strategic management of agrocluster structures development necessitates the creation of appropriate institutional, organizational, logistical and financial conditions.

Since rainfed rice fields typically lack nutrients, frequently experience drought, and require more fund to support farming operations, the production results become erratic and unpredictable. This research aims to construct location-specific rice yield predictions in the rainfed rice fields among the Sumbing-Sindoro Toposequence, Central Java, using a Bayesian method. This study is a survey with an exploratory descriptive methodology based on data from both field and laboratory research. Prediction model analysis using the Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) method on 12 geographical units, sampling spots were selected with intention. The following variables were measured: soil (pH level, Organic-C, Total-N, Available-P, Available-K, soil types, elevation, slope) and climate (rainfall, evapotranspiration). According to the statistical analysis used, the BNN model’s performance has the highest accuracy, with an RMSE value of 0.448 t/ha, which compares to the MLR and SR models, indicating the lowest error deviation. To obtain the ideal parameter sampling design, parameter distribution is directly and simultaneously optimised using an optimisation technique based on Pareto optimality. The top 7 data sets (slope, available-P, evapotranspiration, soil type, rainfall, organic-C, and pH) yielded the highest accuracy based on the test results for the three-parameter groups. The coefficient of determination has the highest value, 0.855, while the RMSE test for the model using the top 7 data set has the lowest error value at 0.354 t/ha and 18.71%, respectively. By developing location-specific rice yield predictions using a Bayesian method, farmers and agricultural practitioners can benefit from more accurate and reliable estimates of crop productivity

The military aggression of russia against Ukraine has a significant negative impact on the agricultural sector of the economy, which is one of the key industries for Ukraine. Among the consequences of this aggression are a decrease in production levels, an increase in costs for security and infrastructure restoration, an increased risk of losing personnel and crops, as well as complications in the export of products. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of the agricultural sector under the conditions of war and to investigate the peculiarities of the activities and adaptation to war of individual agricultural producers, using farmers as an example. To achieve this goal, the dialectical method of cognition of economic processes, the basic principles of modern economic theory, and scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists studying the impact of war on the development of the agricultural sector of the economy were used. A sociological research method, in particular interviews, was used to achieve the research goal. The article examines the role of the agricultural sector in the Ukrainian economy and global food security, analyzes the impact of the war on the agricultural sector, and characterizes the current state of agricultural activity under the conditions of war using farmers as an example. According to the obtained data, the impact of war on the agricultural sector is significant and has various economic, social, and environmental consequences. The study shows that some commodity producers, using farmers as an example, have adapted to the war and have been able to maintain their market positions, while others have suffered significant losses and could not function properly. This research can be an important source of information for the development of state policy on support for agricultural commodity producers, specifically farmers, under the conditions of war and post-war recovery. It is necessary to consider the possibility of attracting investments in the agricultural sector, supporting farmers through a credit system, and cooperating between farmers

Purpose. The purpose of the research is a comparative assessment of the state of data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, as well as the development of a model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services. Methodology / approach. The study is based on the results of a survey of agricultural enterprises’ (farms’) managers, collected based on a random sampling, the volume of which satisfies the requirements of representativeness. The results of the research made it possible to conduct a correlation analysis of the dependence model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services. The obtained results of the analysis made it possible to confirm the research hypotheses and obtain answers to several research questions. Results. The study reveals several dependencies and trends in the formation of openness and availability of data at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts. A strong direct connection was established between the unwillingness of enterprises to share management accounting data with third-party experts precisely because of the lack of practice of collecting such data, and not because of privacy concerns or negative past experiences. It was established that at enterprises characterized by a low level of openness to the dissemination of management accounting data, planning work is conducted directly by managers without qualified support of experts or planning is not conducted at all. The results suggest a number of solutions to ensure better access to the data needed for effective planning. Originality / scientific novelty. The study concerns the problems of data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of planning of economic activities by external consultants/experts and uses the method of correlation analysis to establish relationships between variables of the model. The data collection paradigm of agricultural enterprises for planning their activities has been developed. For the first time, the relationship between a number of socio-economic factors and the openness of agricultural enterprises and farms to management consulting was established. Practical value / implications. The study formulates a number of proposals for improving the data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts, which can be used by regional and state development agencies; state and private scientific institutions; governmental and non-governmental organizations; product manufacturers; legislators, etc., when developing support programs for agricultural producers to motivate them to use more effective planning tools, as well as when determining areas of activity for the regional advisory centers, taking into account the priority tasks in the sphere of planning data collection and analysis at agricultural enterprises and farms. Further studies of the data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises are possible on the basis of the current study.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the assessment of the countries’ food security level and its connection with the agricultural sector results. Methodology / approach. The methodology for calculating the food security level is proposed by international organizations, national authorities, and individual researchers. Due to the fact that food security is a complex flexible concept and cannot be limited to the determination of one separate indicator, we propose to calculate a complex general indicator of food security level using the integral taxonomic estimation method and compare its results with those which provided by international organizations, in particular the Global Food Security Index developed by Economist Impact and supported by Corteva Agriscience and Food Security Index developed by Deep Knowledge Analytics. Results. The article proposes the calculation of countries’ food security level using the integrated rating evaluation method and comparing its results with the results provided by different international organizations, identification of problematic local components of food security, and improving food security mechanism. Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression of dependence of global food security index on affordability, availability, quality and safety, sustainability and adaptation are presented. Functions of subjects of different levels of the hierarchy during interaction to ensure food security are considered. Components of food security ensuring mechanism, which will lead to innovations in food security, are proposed. The obtained results show that the availability of large fertile land and labor resources in the country, and the presence of favorable natural and climatic conditions for farming are insufficient for the high food security level, so it is also necessary to ensure food infrastructure in the country, the concern of the authorities for the citizens standard of living, ensuring political stability, etc. Originality / scientific novelty. The level of food security is calculated and compared with the results of international organizations, using the maximum set of publicly available indicators, which include systems supporting food production, food distribution and supply chains, and food consumption indicators. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the food security level were identified, which will make it possible to influence these indicators timely to ensure a sufficient and acceptable food security level. Practical value / implications. Timely research of ensuring food security, which depends mainly on agricultural products and is implemented through the possibility of purchasing food, taking into account its price, purchasing power, and availability in the appropriate quantity and quality will lead to social stability, meeting the food necessity, the country's independence from imports, the development of its food production, the creation of reserves to stabilize food security in an emergency, unforeseen circumstances in the future. The results of the research can be useful both for agricultural enterprises and for the authorities, which must pursue a balanced state agricultural policy, take care of farmers’ financing, timely resource provision, and ensure a stable, accessible, sufficient, safe, and balanced nutrition level of the population.

Purpose. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the transformations taking place in the business models of the drinking water market, to the study of their compliance with global trends, and to the assessment of the expediency of applying Ukrainian experience in the context of sustainable development of the Mediterranean region. Methodology / approach. Our research uses a qualitative analysis approach that carefully analyzes the international and Ukrainian practice of extraction and distribution of drinking and mineral water. It is based on a repository of best practices and principles adopted by world leaders in the modeling of distribution networks in the sector. Results. The main focus of the study is to highlight the primary importance of drinking and mineral water consumption, especially in light of external factors such as climate change, population growth and constant changes in consumption patterns. Combining international and Ukrainian experience, the study not only highlights the problems, but also offers effective strategies for the sustainable development of the drinking and mineral water industry. Perhaps the most important of our results is the potential reproduction of a unique pattern of water distribution in Ukraine. This model, developed in war-affected regions, offers valuable information to address water supply challenges in war-prone areas. This knowledge can guide efforts to achieve the goals of the blue economy and global sustainability. Originality / scientific novelty. This study is one of the first scientific studies to offer a comprehensive synthesis of international and Ukrainian experience based on the drinking water market. It not only describes changes in business models, but also reveals the complex process of their adaptation to the changing landscape of global dynamics. Practical value / implications. The findings of this research have profound practical implications that are reflected in the development of policy, corporate strategy, and community initiatives. They stand as a call to action for the imperative of sustainable water management, heralding an era in which innovation in drinking water becomes the unassailable norm. In addition, the study draws attention to promising investment prospects that reflect the resonance of population growth, aging infrastructure, pollution, climate disruption and the onslaught of digital technologies.

The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of legal support for food security under martial law and agroecocide in Ukraine. The author emphasises that ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of every civilised state and the international community in the modern world. For Ukraine, which is currently in extremely difficult conditions of martial law, the issues of food supply and overcoming the negative consequences of disruption of agricultural production and agrologistics processes are of particular importance. Waging a full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine creates threats in the area of food supply both for the population of our country and other countries which are import-dependent on Ukrainian agricultural products. The article examines the current state of legal support for food security, analyses novelties and identifies the problems of legislative regulation of relations in this area. The author's own definition of the concept of «agroecocide» is formulated. The author emphasises that currently there is no effective legal mechanism for ensuring food security and liability for agroecocide in Ukraine. The author comes to the conclusion that the problem of forming a holistic mechanism for legal support of food security in Ukraine, as well as criminalisation of agroecocide both at the level of national legislation and at the international legal level, is extremely relevant today. This legal mechanism should be aimed at solving specific tasks that meet the current interests and expectations of citizens, territorial communities, Ukrainian society and the State, in particular in the context of martial law and agroecocide, and also contribute to further improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine, scientific and economic development, and social progress, which are impossible without ensuring food security of the State and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, the world faces new difficult challenges in maintaining global security. Compliance with food security principles is an important component of the global context of world development. Recent military conflicts have had a strong impact on the development of regions that provide food for millions of people around the world. Ukraine plays a key role in providing agricultural products to the population of countries from different continents. The article is devoted to the study of the state of agricultural crops in a regional section during the period of active hostilities by means of geomatics, which allow one to assess the degree of transformation of sustainable farming quickly, determine the trend of the development of the industry, and calculate the likely scale of changes in the obtained products in the coming years. As a result, with the help of deep learning models integrated into geoinformation systems, the boundaries of agricultural fields in the Kherson and Zaporizhia regions were determined, the state of moisture and bioproductivity of agricultural crops was determined for three years, an analysis of changes has been made in the state of agricultural fields under the influence of new factors of conducting active hostilities during the first half of 2022, the next harvest productivity forecast was made in two southern regions of Ukraine. The study was carried out by the team of the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. It was part of research on the analysis of the behavior of complex socio-economic systems and processes of sustainable development in the context of the quality and safety of people’s lives.

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of ensuring the food security of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union in the conditions of modern challenges and dangers in the context of substantiating the peculiarities of their legal regulation. The problems of ensuring food security in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union became acute during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly intensified under the influence of a full-scale war of russia against Ukraine in 2022 and threatened with the spread of global hunger. It has been established that the essence of food security lies in the creation by the state of favourable opportunities capable of ensuring proper conditions for the production of food products, the opportunity for the population to get food products, and their constant availability and stable supply. The main problems of ensuring food security in Ukraine and the European Union’s countries are outlined, in particular: (1) russia's war against Ukraine; (2) conducting active hostilities in agricultural territories; (3) blockade by the aggressor country of seaports and annexation of significant Ukrainian territories; (4) violation of established food trade mechanisms; (5) unbalancing food products supply chains; (6) growing shortage of food products and their prices on the European and international food market; (7) dependence of the countries of the European Union on the export of products from Ukraine and russia. The main measures to increase the level of food security are proposed, the most important of which are ending the war in Ukraine; consolidating the international community's efforts to unblock seaports in the Black Sea and ensuring the uninterrupted supply of food to the countries of the European Union; balancing European and international food markets and reducing the rate of spread of hunger.

The aim of the study is to find out the determinants of economic development and food security in Ukraine under martial law. The relevance of this topic is determined by the agricultural orientation of the Ukrainian economy and the problems of exporting under war conditions, which can lead to famine all over the world and a decrease in cash receipts in the budget of Ukraine. The main results of the research showed that until now Ukraine was focused on the production of law value-added goods. In addition, a significant decrease in GDP during the war and the study of the experience of the Second World War made it possible to assume that the economic decline was caused not only by war factors but also by structural imbalance and the raw nature of the economy. The agro-industrial complex of our country, on the one hand, can ensure food security, both within the country and in the world, but taking into account recent events, this is not always possible. It is worth noting that russia increased wheat exports, and Ukraine, on the contrary, was forced to reduce it. Also, a ban on the export of Ukrainian agricultural products in some countries of the EU until June 5, 2023, caused a great resonance in society due to negative economic consequences. It was proposed to extend this ban, which cannot have a positive effect on the economy of our country. Taking this into consideration, it is necessary to change the entire economic course of the country, which should take into account national economic interests, security determinants, reduce dependence on external factors, and balance the structure of the economy. The export of agricultural products should be carried out not only due to the interests of the EU but also the national interests of Ukraine.

The article’s goal is to develop the scientific and methodological approach (model) to determine the influence of agricultural insurance on the agrarian sector development as well as the level of food security in Ukraine to implement the appropriate agricultural management decisions. Structural modelling has been chosen as the methodological tool of the article. The process of modelling was performed with the help of structural equations. The Structural Equation Modeling tools in the Statistica 12 program package were used to accomplish this task (Statistics, Advanced linear/nonlinear Models, Structural Equation Modeling). The study found that an increase of 100% in the level of development of agricultural insurance results in a 30.8% increase in the indicators of agricultural production. When the development level of agricultural production increases by 100%, there is a corresponding 45.6% increase in food security. However, if the agricultural insurance development level is increased by 100%, the food security one will be increased by 13.7%. Thus, the hypothesis about the direct influence of agricultural insurance on the development of the agricultural sector and, through it, on the food security of Ukraine is fully confirmed. The authors of the article offer to assess the direction and strength of the relationships between the development levels of agricultural insurance, the agricultural sector and food security by developing a system of single-factor and multifactor regression equations using structural modelling. The impact of the level of agricultural insurance development on the development of the agricultural sector along with the level of food security in Ukraine has been confirmed, and the mechanism of state support for agricultural insurance should consider the results obtained. Simultaneously, the development of agricultural insurance should be implemented on a public-private basis in Ukraine.

Today, food security occupies an important place in the national security of the country and each region separately. Food security of the region primarily involves providing the population of the region with sufficient quantity, high quality and a wide range of food. Odesa region is a region in which agricultural enterprises and households are engaged in crop production, animal husbandry and their own processing of agricultural products. The general state and problems of food security in the Odesa region were considered, namely, the dynamics of the production volumes of grain and leguminous crops were analyzed, and the current state of development of the animal husbandry industry was studied. The main points that have a significant impact on the formation and development of the livestock products market in this region have been identified. Agricultural enterprises in this region were analyzed, namely the "Bessarabska" branch of "NIBULON" LLC, which today is a grain transshipment terminal, but in the future the company plans to build a full-fledged elevator and a flour mill; "ISMAIL-TRANSBALKTERMINAL" LLC is an oil extraction plant. The expediency of introducing the latest advanced technologies for growing and processing agricultural products is considered. The analysis of the current state of agriculture and agricultural enterprises shows that there is an available raw material base and farm animals are kept in this region. The export of grain crops to foreign markets has significantly decreased compared to previous years, therefore the increased development of animal husbandry is relevant and effective, which will increase the efficiency of the use of available resources, ensure the growth of labor productivity and employment of the population in rural areas. Recipes of compound feed for sheep have been calculated, in terms of the number of which this region is the leader among other regions of Ukraine. It is proposed to create small regional producers of food and compound feed products, which will allow to meet the needs of Odesa's consumers with food and feed products, as well as the export of products with added value.

One of the strategic directions of Ukraine's economic policy is providing food for the country's population and exporting surplus grain. At the same time, the grain market is a crucial element of the global economy, as it constitutes a significant part of world trade. Global changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have left their mark on the functioning of the grain market and determined the future trends of its development. The article aims to determine the main trends in the grain market, to assess the potential of its development in Ukraine and the world. The dynamics of prices in the world market of grain crops were evaluated, and its features and main development trends were revealed. An analysis of the production and sale of grain crops in Ukraine in 2019-2022 was carried out. It was found that in 2022, direct and indirect losses of Ukraine in the agricultural economy amounted to $ 6.6 billion and $ 34.25 billion, respectively. Ukraine lost the opportunity to export about 5 million tons of wheat due to the blocking of ports and the complication of logistics. However, thanks to the help of partner countries, Ukraine can continue to ship its grain to the world market. In addition, according to preliminary data for 2022, Ukraine lost at least 15% of its elevators, with a total volume of 9.3 million tons due to military aggression. The article calculates the cost of investments in constructing (restoration) elevator capacities necessary for Ukraine to store grain. For developing the grain market in Ukraine and strengthening the potential of grain production, an important factor is an investment and improving the material and technical base. Despite the difficult circumstances of wartime, in general, the grain market of Ukraine continues to develop. It has the potential for further growth, especially if the quality of products is improved and the infrastructure is improved.

The world export of agricultural and of food products has been a relevant topic at all times, because it regulated the issue of economic and social development of many countries. However, this issue became even more urgent after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the situation in this sector got very complicated. The aim of the study is to look at the features of grain export restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they can be addressed. The socio-economic method was applied to compare the economy with the market and take into account the multiplicity of economic behaviour. Using the functional method, the theoretical foundations of functional economics were established, focusing on the evolution of terminology to denote certain combinations of restrictions on the export of grain products and services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of institutional analysis was used to assess the quality of the institutional basis of the economy and political structures. It was determined that changes in the trade sphere stimulated the development of production in deficit areas. It was defined that the removal of tariff barriers to trade could be useful in overcoming the crisis caused by the pandemic and also an efficient link to reducing the costs of international trade. Another conclusion is that it is worth preserving access to food, rather than restricting exports in countries where people may suffer from hunger. The practical relevance lies in identifying the features of appropriate restrictions on grain exports during a pandemic and highlighting the main ways in which this problem can be addressed

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the historical prerequisites for the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of food security in the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century. The available approaches to the number and content of historical stages of development of approaches to defining food security are considered. It is concluded that contemporary authors perceive the evolution of the interpretation of food security as a linear process of development, during which additional components are gradually distinguished. Thus the early stages are characterized by an emphasis on the problems of food availability and food self-sufficiency, later, the problem of food stocks and control of world prices is actualized, gradually highlighting the problems of poverty, physical and economic availability of food. And at the last stage, there are questions of nutritional value and food security. As a result of the study, an own periodization is developed, which influences the evolution and development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of «food security», the major publications that influenced the interpretation of this concept are pointed out. The proposed six stages are considered in more detail. It is noted that not all trends are reflected in domestic regulations and at the present are not widely reflected in the works of Ukrainian researchers, which means that Ukraine is currently at the fifth stage of understanding food security and lags behind the world community in terms of plan. It is concluded that the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of the concept of food security is largely determined by the deepening of the division of labor, the development of commodity-money relations, changes in the standard of living of the population, as well as scientific and technological progress and improvement of methods for collecting and processing statistical information.

The article substantiates the catastrophic consequences of the Russian military invasion of Ukraine, which led to the industrial crisis in the world. The need to restore the agricultural sector of the economy as soon as possible, in particular the lost or destroyed supply chains of agricultural products in the postwar period, is argued, primarily through the introduction of digital opportunities in the business processes of agricultural enterprises. The work of farmers on the ground, in fact, under the flight of missiles and fighters overhead, with long delays due to the preliminary inspection of soils by sappers, could not but affect the export of agricultural products. Although the situation with food exports before the war with Russia looked quite optimistic: in the previous year a record wheat harvest was harvested, corn harvest increased significantly, positive forecasts for food crops in the coming periods were expected. At the same time, the authors state that the introduction of quarantine measures in connection with the global pandemic has not led to a significant negative impact on the state of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. This is due to the specifics of the work of agricultural enterprises, which is carried out mainly on agricultural land, which allowed the agribusiness to reduce additional costs for compliance with the new mandatory sanitary requirements. At the same time, the global pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization in the agricultural sector through the introduction and daily use of domestic electronic document management by agricultural enterprises, holding meetings and meetings through online platforms for video conferencing, corporate portals and others. In addition, agricultural holdings were able to quickly adapt to new working conditions through the active introduction of business processes before the spread of the global pandemic of electronic markings in agricultural production, cameras, monitors, sensors, GPS trackers, unmanned aerial vehicles. The study substantiates the view that with strong support for the development of digital agribusiness capabilities, it will be possible to further improve the process of sowing on agricultural land that was not destroyed during the war and in regions where the logistics of seed supply has not been paralyzed. As a result, there is reason to talk about the development of digital farming as a way of farming using the technologies needed to integrate financial and field records for further integrated management of the farm. However, it will significantly depend on the readiness of farmers to comprehensive digitalization of economic activity.

This article is devoted to the study of the features of the green revolution in the agricultural sector and its role in achieving sustainable development and economic development. Advantages and challenges associated with the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies and practices in agriculture have been considered. Studies confirm that the green revolution contributes to the increase in the productivity of conservation of natural resources and the creation of new opportunities for agricultural producers. It has been proven that the green revolution in the agricultural sector contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of the rural population and the development of markets for ecologically clean products. Protests, successes of the green revolution require financial support, cooperation with all interested parties and raising the environmental awareness of the rural population. This article contributes to deepening the understanding of the green revolution and stimulating the development of an environmentally sustainable agricultural sector. Attention has been focused on the results of the research conducted by scientists regarding the implementation of green technologies and practices in agriculture. Research shows that the green revolution leads to: increased productivity; increasing the efficiency of the use of resources in the impact on the environment; introduction of environmentally friendly technologies and practices, such as organic farming, intercropping systems and the use of renewable energy sources; reducing the use of chemicals, energy and water, as well as reducing emissions of harmful substances into the environment. Given the potential of the green revolution, government bodies should make political decisions aimed at supporting an ecologically clean agricultural sector. This may include creating an enabling regulatory environment, financial support and incentivesfor investment in green technologies and infrastructure. Research also draws attention to the possibility of cooperation between scientific institutions, industry and rural communities. The exchange of knowledge, technology transfer and partnership between these parties contributes to the rapid implementation of green innovations in the practice of the agricultural sector. The need to create a platform for sharing experiences, organizing seminars and trainings aimed at raising awareness of the green revolution and its benefits has been emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanity is tasked with finding a balance between the need to increase the amount of food and the negative socio-environmental and economic consequences of the irrational use of fertilisers. At the global level, a number of initiatives have been launched to consolidate countries' efforts to address this problem. However, existing national fertiliser management systems and policies are characterised by insufficient consistency and low efficiency. This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework for developing a national sustainable fertiliser management system that meets the principles set out in existing global initiatives. Through the generalisation of the content of existing intergovernmental initiatives on sustainable fertiliser management, the subject composition was formulated, and estimates of the relationship between fertiliser application and public health (through the number of cancer diseases) through the use of regression analysis methods, assessment of economic damage from irrational fertilisation served as a substantiation (illustration of the importance of highlighting) of components covering: awareness, knowledge, tools. The national sustainable fertiliser management system is considered three-dimensional integrity containing the following interrelated components: government, fertiliser production and supply industries, and users. The functioning of this system is seen as a continuous process of raising awareness, generating and transferring knowledge, selecting and applying appropriate tools, and improving fertiliser application practices in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, with the leading role of government. The process of raising awareness of all actors of the system about the problem of irrational fertilisation is proposed to be considered in a broader context – through the demonstration of negative consequences not only for the environment (soil condition), but also from the standpoint of the impact on public health and related consequences – through the assessment of economic damage caused by pollution and consumption of food containing harmful substances. The main principles of interaction of subjects in this system should be the following: professionalism, transparency, information support, etc. Special attention should be paid to the formulation of a set of strategic goals that would lay the foundation for the development of control and evaluation procedures, a system for monitoring and reviewing mechanisms for economic incentives for fertiliser use, considering the social and environmental aspects of fertiliser use

The state when all people at any time have physical and economic access to safe and wholesome food sufficient to satisfy their physiological needs and benefits necessary for an active and healthy lifestyle is denominated as food security its principal components being: availability as the degree of actual or potential affordability of food in a certain group of the population during a certain period; accessibility, as the degree of the population’s ability to receive food at its disposal during a certain period of time; consumption, as the ability of the population to provide enough nutritious food for a certain period of time. The concept of food security, along with economic aspects, incorporates a number of technical components: alimentary and nutritional value of food, other physical and chemical characteristics, suitability for transportation and short-term and long-term storage. The technical regulation is the legal regulation of relations in the field of determining and fulfilling mandatory requirements for product characteristics or related processes and production methods. The principal directions for taking into account food security requirements in technical regulation are rational consumption norms, state food resources, food safety and certain indicators of their quality. Principal directions of implying food security fundamentals in the frames of technical regulation and standardization are specified as well as the algorithm of expedient involvement of the basics of food safety in regulatory norms. The consideration of the principles of food security in technical regulation can be fulfilled by developing normative documents that contain norms concerning long-term storage, amending existing regulatory documents, the scope of which are certain foods, with relevant sections as well as the development of documents that will normalize, if necessary, special methods for research of long-term storage products, such as butter and frozen meats. It is stated that specialized refrigerators and storage facilities, can carry out long-term storage of butter and meats for periods exceeding those specified in the national standards. It is possible to develop standards defining the terms and conditions of long-term storage of foods in the conditions of enterprises of the state reserve system. Another possible solution to the existing problem is the introduction of provisions regarding special requirements for long-term storage of foods in the state reserve, these involved in solving the issues of the food security, to the norms in force.

Introduction Food safety is a major challenge worldwide and an important factor frequently taken into account by consumers when making food choices. Over the years, a number of unfavorable phenomena related to food adulteration and an increase in its contamination have been observed, which in turn translates into a lower level of food quality and safety and a decrease in consumer confidence. Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) reports from 2019-2021 in terms of types of hazards in food. Materials and methods The research material consisted of the annual reports of the RASFF for the years 2019-2021. Results The submissions to the RASFF per product type system were dominated by those related to food. In 2020 and 2021, the most notifications concerned fruits and vegetables, dietetic food, food supplements, and fortified foods. In the group of 10 products causing the most frequent notifications, there are products of animal origin: meat and meat products (other than poultry), fish and fish products, milk and milk products, poultry meat and poultry meat products. The main threats associated with food in the last three years were contamination with Salmonella in poultry meat and poultry meat products, herbs and spices, and nuts, nut products and seeds; aflatoxins, especially in nuts, nut products and seeds; and pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. Conclusion The observed increase in the number of notifications in the RASFF reports in 2019-2021 shows that all EU Member States are involved in monitoring food safety risks. The functioning of the RASFF system enables immediate action to be taken in the EU countries in relation to the risk, and allows for quick information transfer and elimination of products that are hazardous to the health of the consumer.

The article substantiates the conceptual principles for determining directions for ensuring food security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern global socio-economic transformations. The number of people facing acute food insecurity and in need of urgent life-saving food assistance and livelihood support has been identified as continuing to grow at an alarming rate. The war in Ukraine has negative consequences for global food systems, as well as higher food and fertilizer prices. It has been proven that since the combined short-term impact of food and energy prices continues to grow, food insecurity, exacerbated by Ukraine's growing debt burden, will have devastating consequences for a significant part of the population. It has been justified that alleviating the manifestation of the crisis factors of food security requires, first of all, coordinated and immediate emergency humanitarian assistance by all interested parties - the government, development institutions and banks, nongovernmental organizations and private companies in order to meet the most urgent needs of people through the provision of humanitarian assistance, including food, financial support, seeds, resources, tools and technical assistance to support sustainable intensification in Ukraine and other crop substitution actions. The need to develop the solution that concerns both globally traded and domestically produced goods has been substantiated to prevent the continuation or worsening of the global food crisis. Any solution must include preventive actions aimed at giving the most vulnerable people the means to ensure their own food security in the medium term. The preventive measures to ensure food security in Ukraine in terms of levers (consumption, agricultural potential, financial support, policy) and institutions for their implementation (donor countries and exporters; countries that have experienced a food crisis; multilateral organizations and development institutes; public organizations and social sector; private sector) have been presented. It has been determined that the further implementation of innovative technologies, business models and data exchange mechanisms will make it possible to make the production of food products in Ukraine more effective on the basis of establishing cooperation between the branches of the national economy and the government for the exchange of data on production, accumulation, supply chain and other relevant data through information centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key features of the country's food security status that is caused by the war and particularly by the decrease of the population's purchasing power, increase of the portion of their expenses for groceries; reduction of the farming lands areas and decrease in number of entrepreneurs; worsening of the indicators of country's ranking in the Global Index of Food Security are revealed and critically evaluated in the article. Various measures of the administrative organizations and institutions to ensure stability of the national food market are characterized. Special attention is stressed on the fact that the liquidation of the institutional basis in food industry is one of the destructive factors that contributes to a complete devastation of agribusiness with the closed cycle of production, export that is focused on raw materials, GDP losses due to the missed food production with added value. The perspective to deepen the processing of the raw materials and expansion of the agri-processing power are proven. In the context of the long-term food self-sustainability of the various regions of Ukraine the expediency to develop a complex program to restore the food production based on the innovative modernization of the business processes and digital capabilities is substantiated. It is stated that in the situation of dynamic challenges it is required for Ukraine to correct the status of the food security in ascending direction based on the determination agrarians' potential modernization. Based on the research results various stabilization measures are suggested and it is concluded that the use of the advanced technologies in food, processing industries and in agriculture will turn food safety into the modulator of the scientific and technological progress of the country. Transition to achieving long-term goals under current uncertainty and in post-war period will require coordination of joint efforts, powerful investment streams with orientation on foreign partners. Transformational processes will change the own model: proper production of the wide range of food products with improved quality standards and under established control of the final product to meet the international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study aims to analyze economic coping strategies and their relationship to the food security of poor rural households. Methodology / approach. This research was conducted by comparing food crop farming households with those who farm plantation crops. The used data were sourced from surveys in four sample rural areas in two districts of Jambi Province, Indonesia, namely Merangin Regency and Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The used analysis tool was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results. The results show that poor rural households’ economic coping strategies are still low, both in the context of a passive strategy (cutting back expenses) and an active strategy (generating income). Plantation households have a lower economic coping strategy than food crop farming households. The level of food security in food crop households is relatively good compared to that of plantation crop households. Nearly half of food crop households are categorized as having good food security, while only around 20 % of plantation crop households are so categorized. Family characteristics and coping strategies significantly influence household food security in plantation crop households. On the other hand, the level of household food security in food crop households is not influenced by coping strategies, but only by family characteristics. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is in a study approach that links household food security with coping strategies and family socio-economic conditions. Furthermore, this study specifically conducted a comparative study of households of food crop farmers and plantation crop farmers, considering that these are the two main livelihood commodities for rural residents. Practical value / implications. Through this research, it is hoped that the concept/theory of improving the food security of poor households (especially in rural areas) can be developed based on the potential and real conditions of the households themselves, so that the formulated policies can be more effective and sustainable.

Purpose. The purpose of the study, which results are submitted in the article, is to analyze the vertical price transmission along the milk supply chain in Ukraine and identify whether this price transmission is symmetric or asymmetric in terms of direction, magnitude, speed. Methodology / approach. To achieve the purpose of the study, we used the following research methods: logical operations (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) – to determine the structure of the milk supply chain, to make conclusions about main findings; the correlation analysis – to identify the tightness of links between farm’, processors’ and retailers’ prices; the trend modelling – to build the functions of the trend of prices of different levels of the milk supply chain; the regression modelling – to construct the regression functions of prices of downstream sectors of the milk supply chain; graphic – for visual presentation of main tendencies, pricing and price dynamics in the milk supply chain. The research was performed on the basis of the statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2013–2020. Results. This paper presents the empirical evidence of asymmetric price transmission along the milk supply chain in Ukraine. The results of modelling proved asymmetric magnitudes of price growth at the organizational and technological stages of the milk supply chain: in the case of the farm prices of raw milk increase the processors’ and retailers’ prices grow up by a much bigger magnitude. There is no leg in price transmission in the milk supply chain, the price shocks at the farm level instantly pass to processors’ and retailers’ prices. The evidence of asymmetry of price transmission testifies the weaknesses of the market positions of farmers and consumers in the milk supply chain in Ukraine, points out the threats for the food security and sustainable development of all agents of this chain. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the quantitative assessments of the magnitude and speed of the price changes in the process of price transmission in the milk supply chain in Ukraine were obtained. The asymmetry of the magnitudes of the vertical price transmission in the milk supply chain in Ukraine was identified. The hostage position of farmers in the case of price shocks was further proved. Practical value / implications. This paper provides a better understanding of arrangements of market forces in the milk supply chain, the consequences of price chocks in the upstream sector of the milk supply chain. The practical value is the methodological and empirical support for the development of regulative measures to improve the milk supply chain’s functioning and sustain food security. Assessment and analysis of the mechanism of price transmission reveals the weak parts of the food supply chain, contributing to the scientific foundation of elaborating the necessary policy actions for harmonization of relations between producers of different stages of the milk chain.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the nature, main trends and problematic aspects of realization of the export potential of agricultural production in the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe in the context of aggravating food crisis. Methodology / approach. Theoretical and empirical methods of cognition are used in their dialectical combination. The main methods used in this study are statistical analysis, index, graphical and analytical methods, methods for estimating structural dynamic shifts, comparisons and monographic method. The study also involved general methods of economic research, in particular: theoretical generalization and comparison, induction and deduction are used in revealing the content of the export potential of agricultural production, drawing conclusions; the current condition and tendencies of development of export of agricultural products is estimated by means of synthesis and the economic analysis; graphic, economic, statistical and interstate comparisons are used to analyse the export of agricultural products; statistical methods (grouping) are applied to assess the domestic and external export potential of agricultural products in the regional context. The influence of external and domestic export potential on wheat exports is studied by regression analysis. Results. The need to ensure food security by countries around the world urges the importance of the agricultural sector as a catalyst for economic development, sources of foreign exchange earnings, investment direction, etc. The study of agricultural specialization led to the conclusion that wheat and sugar are goods with the highest export potential. It is substantiated that the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe have the highest level of fulfilment of export potential of agricultural production, and African countries are import-dependent. Besides, the low export orientation of Africa and Asia due to the peculiarities of their natural and climatic conditions is established based on the assessment of export-import operations in the regional context. The internal and external export potential of each of the regions is analysed. The direct correlation between the exports volume and area of land used for wheat cultivation, as well as with its yield, was established through the correlation and regression analysis. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results of the study is that the authors were the first who carried out a comprehensive analysis of the potential capacity and ability to increase exports of agricultural products in the world and by product groups. The essence and features of economic representation of export potential of agricultural products at the international and national levels are determined. The main factors influencing the development of the export potential of agricultural products in the regional context are outlined and their influence is investigated by carrying out the regression analysis. The study of domestic and foreign export potential by regions of the world is further developed. Practical value / implications. The analysis of the internal and external export potential of agricultural production was carried out in the regional context, which resulted in the identification of the main recommendations for increasing their level in order to enhance the development of the agro-industrial sector of the economy.

The article is aimed at studying and identifying the problems of human nutrition in the process of its evolution, as well as systematizing theories and scientific views on the needs and functions of nutrition in the context of food security. It is proved that food security of countries is a prerequisite and guarantee of preservation of their sovereignty and independence, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development, formation of both the high level and the high quality of life of the population, reproduction of human capital. The analysis of the state of nutrition of the population of Ukraine indicates the imbalance in the main nutrients and the inconsistency of them with the main principles of rational nutrition. It is determined that human nutritional needs have evolved under the influence of factors of socio-economic and scientific-technological progress. In each ethnic, cultural, religious community, people had their own ideas about the necessary nutrition, which were part of the world-view at a certain time. On the basis of the characterization of food evolution, the theories and conceptions of nutrition are systematized. It is proved that the fundamental changes in the lifestyle and nutrition structure of mankind in the 21st century require further study of theoretical aspects of nutrition, systematization of new approaches to the formation of modern theory of nutrition. The need for qualitatively new approaches to the preparation of diets of the population on the basis of functional food products using natural raw materials of increased nutritional value, dietary supplements, etc. is substantiated.

The grain market has a significant share in the overall structure of the global agro-food system. The level of its development plays a decisive role in ensuring food security, the level of welfare of the population and export opportunities, especially for developing and least developed countries. The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the global cereal market. The dynamics of global production, consumption, trade, and residues from 2000 to 2022, as well as the dynamics of the commodity structure of the most popular crops (wheat, corn, rice) on the global grain market are analyzed. Key development trends are identified, in particular, the impact of the covid-19 pandemic and russia's military aggression against Ukraine on the global grain market and food security, in particular, of developing and least developed countries, is indicated. It is noted that the long continuation of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine can cause hunger riots in these states and, as historical experience shows, even lead to coups. The prospects for the development of the cereal market in terms of commodity and geographical structure are revealed. The top 10 exporting countries are singled out and the main features of the studied markets of the first five countries are characterized. Development trends of regional grain markets until 2030 are determined, and their key asymmetries are also revealed (unevenness of production and trade, different level of solvency and per capita income, predominance of certain consumer preferences depending on the level of economic development of the country and cultural and civilizational factor, different level of technological development and security, etc.). The importance of agriculture 4.0, which is based on the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and consists in the intensive integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology in agriculture, and plays a key role in overcoming existing imbalances and development of the global grain market, which is the key to ensuring food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]