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Background. The problem of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in the population, in general, and in pregnant women, in particular, and related diseases, including the musculoskeletal system, remains one of the most widespread medical and social problems of our time. The purpose was to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal diseases in pregnant females at high infection risk (HIR) with impaired vitamin D status and single-nucleotide Bsml polymorphism of its receptor gene. Materials and methods. Fifty-six pregnant women (main group) with HIR and 40 healthy pregnant women (control group) had been examined. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in blood was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mutant version of Bsml (rs1544410) polymorphism of the gene that is encoding vitamin D receptors (VDR). Statistical processing of the results was done using the resource www.socscistatistics.com. Results. HIR was due to the presence of chronic kidney diseases, carriers of pathogens of the TORCH group of infections and conditionally pathogenic microflora in the urogenital tract. The level of 25(OH)D was lower than the generally accepted optimal level in 76.8 and 15 % of pregnant women, in the main and control groups, respectively (F = 0.03; p = 0.0001). Carriers of the heterozygous genotype A/G were 67.7 % of pregnant women with HIR compared to 35 % of the control group (odd ratio (OR) = 3.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19–7.1; χ2 = 20.88, p = 0.00001), and the G/G genotype was inherent in 19.6 and 47.5 % of women, respectively (OR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.15–0.51; p = 0.00006). A third of pregnant women from the main group had a history of musculoskeletal diseases (32.14 %) versus 12.5 % in control group (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.54–6.46); 71.4 % of pregnant women with HIR were carriers of A/G genotype (OR = 9.79; 95% CI: 5.10–18.82). Conclusions. The share of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in pregnant women with HIR is almost 77 %. The general somatic history of these women is characterized by a high frequency of the kidney diseases (37.5 %) and musculoskeletal diseases (32.1 %). Two-thirds of pregnant women with HIR, as well as with musculoskeletal diseases, are carriers of the heterozygous Bsml of polymorphic genotype A/G of the VDR gene, which probably causes a higher risk of the development of pathology in conditions of calcitriol deficiency. Studying VD status, the genetic personification of disease risks, and correction of modified factors in time, in particular, VD deficiency is seen as a promising direction for improving perinatal outcomes and the quality of life of pregnant women in general, but further research is required.

Background. Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a global health problem, affecting approximately one billion people of all ages worldwide. Although maternal vitamin D deficiency is a significant health concern, there are not enough studies in Ukraine that confirm the relationship between vitamin D levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of screening the level of vitamin D as one of the routine tests in the early stages of pregnancy, which will contribute to the prevention of disorders during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of vitamin D in pregnant women and establish its effect on pregnancy and maternal outcomes. Materials and methods. Ninety pregnant women were under observation, they were selected according to the inclusion criteria: pregnancy period over 28 weeks, no vitamin D intake during pregnancy. Depending on 25(OH)D serum level, pregnant women were divided into three groups. The first group included 30 patients with vitamin D deficiency of 25(OH)D level less than 20 ng/ml, the second group included 35 pregnant women with vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D level of 20–29.9 ng/ml. Women with normal 25(OH)D levels (> 30 ng/ml) formed the third research group (n = 25). Results. Among extragenital pathologies, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were observed almost three times more often with vitamin D deficiency than with its insufficiency, and turned out to be a significant factor for the development of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio 3.02; 95 % confidence interval: 1.16–10.4; p < 0.05). It was found that in pregnant women of the first group, vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (odds ratio 4.38; 95 % confidence interval: 1.11–25.8; p < 0.05). Eight women (26.7 %) from the first group were diagnosed with gestational diabetes by conducting a glucose tolerance test (at 26–28 weeks of pregnancy). At the same time, gestational diabetes was diagnosed against the background of obesity class I–II. Maternal vitamin D deficiency is reliably associated with a high risk of cesarean section and the presence of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Conclusions. The conducted study shows the negative impact of low levels of 25(ОН)D on the course and consequences of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is study biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in children with musculoskeletal disorders and their association with dental caries of temporary teeth. There were examined 232 children at the age of 5 (202 children with musculoskeletal disorders and 30 conditionally healthy children without somatic pathology). Among children with musculoskeletal disorders 68 (33.66%) had flat feet, 59 (29.21%) – postural impairment and 75 (37.13%) – combined pathology of the musculoskeletal sestem. For further research, the children were divided into three groups, 30 people in each. Group І included children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, dental caries, without oxyproline in urine; group ІІ – with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, dental caries and oxyproline in urine; group ІІІ – with dental caries and without oxyproline in urine. Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans using a nephelometric test with cetylpyridinium chloride was determined. The concentration of creatinine in urine was measured in units of weight in the formation of a chromogenic complex of a solution of picric acid with creatinine in an alkaline medium. Dental status was assessed in terms of caries prevalence, deft index and severity of dental caries. The prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in 5-years old children with musculoskeletal disorders was on average 90.6±2.05%, deft index ─ 6.62±0.20, being significantly higher than in children without somatic pathology (respectively 70.83±4.45% and 5.15±0.34, р<0.001). Oxyprolin was detected only in the urine of children with combined pathology of musculoskeletal system (on average 3.53±0.11 units). The excretion rates of glycosaminoglycans in children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, dental caries and oxyproline in urine (gr.ІІ) were two times higher than the reference range (415.37±15,09 CPCh units / 1 g creatinine, р<0.001). In the absence of oxyproline in urine, both in somatically healthy children (gr. ІІІ) and in children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system (gr. І), the levels of excretion of glycosoaminoglycans were within the reference range (respectively 198.83±10.71 and 203.87±12.52 CPCh units / 1 g creatinine. The levels of daily excretion of creatinine were within the normal range in children of gr. ІІІ (1.17±0.13 g/day; in children of gr. І they were 2.85 times lower (0.41±0.05 g/day, p<0.001); in children of gr. ІІ – 6.5 times lower (0.18±0.02 g/day р<0.001). In children of gr. ІІ, a negative correlation was found between the levels of creatinine and oxyproline (τ= -0.68, p<0.05). The absence of oxyproline in the urine of children of gr. І and ІІІ indicates the absence of collagen decay in their bodies. In children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system against the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (gr. ІІ), a strong, positive correlation was found between the deft index and levels of urinary excretion of oxyproline (τ= +0.77, p<0.05) and glycosaminoglycans (τ= +0.90, p<0.05), which indicates that the development of dental caries depends on the severity of the pathology of the musculoskeletal system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the constant growth of the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases, surveillance needs in supplementing traditional statistical health indicators with criteria characterizing the processes of chronicity of pathology. Aim: to scientifically substantiate and develop statistical characteristics of chronic non-infectious diseases suitable for surveillance in the public health system. Methods used: bibliographic; statistical (for analyzing materials about the health of the population); mathematical (for constructing formulas and indices); calculational (to calculate indicators of pathology chronicity); epidemiological (to assess the chronicity of diseases of different classes). The initial statistical information was the materials of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on mortality, general and primary morbidity of the population for six classes of diseases, which include the most common chronic diseases. The proposed set of indicators, which includes both the indices available in the scientific literature and those developed by us, contains the following characteristics: statistical indicators of official reporting, indicators of pathology chronicity, mortality and survival of the population, and the hazard index of chronic diseases, which can be considered an integrated indicator characterizing chronic diseases. Diversified characteristics of chronic non-infectious diseases of different classes of diseases were established, which is reflected, in particular, on the relationship between chronic diseases with preserved and lost viability. For diseases of the musculoskeletal system, one fatal case accounts for more than 9000 cases of chronic diseases with preserved viability; for diseases of the circulatory system, this indicator reaches only 58, and for neoplasms – only 22. This corresponds with the assessment of the hazard index: chronic diseases (respectively, 0.7; 153.7; 328.5 cu). The use of the proposed set of indicators makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the danger of chronicity of diseases of certain classes, to track the change in these processes over time, being an important part of managing the frequency and outcomes of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular hydrogen is one of the effective antioxidants, which not only does not disrupt normal metabolism in the body, but also activates its antioxidant systems. Hydrogen-saturated water has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-apoptotic properties, stimulates energy metabolism and contributes to the systemic recovery of the body. It is used as a therapeutic factor for the treatment of patients with various pathologies: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, metabolic disorders, disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The article discusses the various methods of obtaining molecular hydrogen and hydrogen water (direct and indirect saturation). Technical characteristics are described and features of the hydrogen generator GVCh Life (manufacturer LTD «Chemtest Ukraine+», Kharkiv, Ukraine), which produces molecular hydrogen (purity of which is 99.99 %, productivity -- 100 ml/min) and saturates water with it (https://chemtest. com.ua/generator_vodorodnoy_vodi_i_dihanie_gvch_life). In contrast to the problems of most known generators in the device GVChLife is completely no contact of the electrodes with water, so it is not subject to electrolysis and is not saturated with metal ions. Water saturated in this way has the following characteristics: redox potential 560 mV, hydrogen concentration 1.0-1.15 ppm (water volume 1 l, saturation duration 10 min). The generator can be used for both hydrogen saturation and hydrogen inhalation. In the case of therapeutic use of hydrogen water to obtain it, you can use any drinking water (spring, prepared or non-carbonated bottled), hydrogen inhalation using nasal cannulas. Inhalation of pure hydrogen gas (99.99 %) for 30 minutes is equal to the use of 15 liters of hydrogen water (concentration 1.1-1.2 ppm). Conclusions. The developed MoHC Life molecular hydrogen generator is safe to use, without special requirements during operation. It can be successfully used in the complex therapy of patients with various diseases, including musculoskeletal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the possibility of using a rehabilitation profile to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation and develop a methodology for quantifying the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in the short term in inpatients of the State Institution "Ukrainian State Research Institute of Medical and Social Disability of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" we created a rehabilitation profile of the patient based on the principles of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). There were analyzed rehabilitation profiles of 522 patients with therapeutic pathology, musculoskeletal system diseases, and eye diseases. Rehabilitation of patients was comprehensive, with the use of methods of medical, psychological, and physical rehabilitation. The severity of dysfunctions was assessed by a quantitative scale from 0 to 4 points, where "0" – no issues, and "4" – extremely serious issue. The evaluation was performed twice by members of the multidisciplinary team: at the initial examination of the patient and at the discharge from the clinic. The statistical method and the method of expert evaluations were used to process the research results. The licensed software MS Excel for Windows was used. The study found that the proposed method of assessing the effectiveness of short-term rehabilitation is accurate and objective, it considers the initial functional status of the patient and allows to assess the quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures at the patient level and at the institution. Its implementation will provide a unified approach to the provision of rehabilitation services and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of rehabilitation activities of the medical institution differentially, considering the type of pathology, leading limitations of life, severity of disorders, age of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic burden of disability due to occupational diseases is significant: the economic losses "due to health problems related to work" in the developed world exceed 1,25 trillion US dollars and amount to 4 to 6% of GDP. A large number of employees work in Ukraine in unfavorable conditions. The study analyzes the dynamics of disability due to occupational diseases in Ukraine for the period from 2015 to 2018 using the example of Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions. The results of the study proved that the indicators of disability due to occupational diseases in these areas have a pronounced upward trend. It has been determined that the number of injured or aggrieved persons who received occupational diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions is 78.5% of the total number of those in Ukraine with occupational diseases. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to occupational diseases increased in 2015-2018, increased in these areas and amounted in absolute numbers: in the Dnipropetrovsk region – 906 people (2018) against 705 people (2016); in the Lviv region – 273 people against 239 people, respectively; in Donetsk region – 193 people against 108 people, respectively. Primary disability rate for 2015-2018 period increased by 28.5% in Dnepropetrovsk to almost 50% in Donetsk region. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to work injury in the Dnipropetrovsk region was 159 people (2018) against 123 people (2016); in the Lviv region: 42 people against 11 people, respectively; in the Donetsk region: 28 people against 11 people, respectively. The rate of primary disability due to work injury also increased by 29.2% in the Dnipropetrovsk region and by 53% in the Donetsk region. The number of persons with disabilities recognized for the first time depended on age and length of service in hazardous conditions. Persons with 10-19 years of work experience in 2015-2018 accounted for 89.2%. According to our data, 50.1% of workers aged 40 to 49 years are recognized as persons with disabilities, 40% – from 50 to 59 years of age. It is important that in 2018 in 5% of cases, an occupational disease caused disability among workers at the age of 39. In 2018 (as in 2016 and in 2017) in Ukraine, the main conditions that resulted in occupational diseases were: imperfection of mechanisms and working tools – 23.9%; the imperfection of the technological process - 19.5% and the ineffectiveness of the personal protective equipment – 13.5% of their total number. In the structure of disability due to occupational diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system occupied the 1st place; 2nd place – respiratory diseases; 3rd place – injuries and poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphosphonates remain one of the most effective drugs to treat diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Among a wide range of possible options, the methods of bioinformatic analysis were developed, selected and synthesized analogs of bisphosphonates, the radical of which were selected pyrazole derivatives. The development of new advanced bisphosphonate analogues has broad prospects for medical application. The study is devoted to the investigation of the combined action of synthesized nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (pyrazole-containing analogues) and vitamin D3 in the correction of mineral metabolism disturbances in osteoporosis. The work was performed on a rat model of alimentary osteoporosis, which was characterized by the development of hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, decreased serum 25OHD concentration and severe bone tissue demineralization. New pyrazole-containing bisphosphonates inhibited the process of bone demineralization (resorption) and improved mineral metabolism in rats with alimentary osteoporosis with varying efficiency. The action of the investigated substances resulted in an increase in the concentration of calcium, inorganic phosphate and a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in the serum. The ash content, calcium and phosphorus level in the ash of the tibia was increased as well, along with improving osteometric characteristics of the tibia (length and thickness of the proximal epimetaphysis). The combination of pyrazole-containing bisphosphonates and vitamin D3, which normalizes the concentration of 25OHD in the serum and provides the synthesis of biologically active, hydroxylated form of cholecalciferol, has been more effective in the correction of mineral metabolism impairments in rats with alimentary osteoporosis. According to the experimental results, the combination of vitamin D3 with bisphosphonate ISP-30, as a substance with the highest biological efficiency in regulating bone remodeling, enhancing osteogenesis and inhibition of resorption, is the most promising for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the leading place is occupied by joint diseases. It is important to conduct effective prevention of these diseases in order to stop or slow down the development of pathological changes in the body. In this regard, an important issue is the search for means to restore joints. Promising in the prevention and treatment of joint diseases is the use of chondroitin sulfate, which is a natural component of the intercellular substance of cartilage. The aim of this work was to investigate the prophylactic effect of chondroitin sulfate on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in rat blood serum under conditions of carrageenan-induced joint inflammation. The studies were conducted on white non-linear, sexually mature male rats weighing 180–240 g, in compliance with the general ethical principles of experiments on animals. All animals were divided into four experimental groups. The first group – control: animals sub-planar injected 0.1 ml of 0,9 % NaCl solution into the posterior right limb. The second group – animals received a therapeutic dose of 3 mg x kg-1 chondroitin sulfate daily for 28 days daily. The third group – animals were infused intramuscularly with 0,1 ml of 0,9 % NaCl solution in the posterior right limb for 28 days and for 29 days inflammatory edema of the limb was stimulated (animals were sub-planar injected with 0,1 ml of 1 % carrageenan solution to the posterior right limb ) The fourth group – for 28 days rats were daily intramuscularly injected with a therapeutic dose of 3 mg x kg-1 chondroitin sulfate, after which on 29th day, inflammatory edema of the limb was stimulated. The total number of animals involved in experimental studies was 40 individuals. Superoxide dismutase activity was assessed by the ability of the enzyme to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide radicals. Catalase activity was measured by the amount of intact hydrogen peroxide in the sample. Protein content was measured by the Lowry method. It was revealed that under conditions of carrageenan-induced joint inflammation in the blood serum, the antioxidant defense system is disrupted: the activity of superoxide dismutase decreases by 1,5 times, while the catalase activity increases by 2,1 times compared to the control. Prophylactic administration of chondroitin sulfate to animals with carrageenan-induced joint inflammation contributes to the restoration of the antioxidant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of preserving the health of the population of Ukraine is currently closely related to the need for production and scientific justification for the development of well balanced foods for general and special purposes, so special attention is paid to the development and implementation of food technologies of high quality, safety based on complex use of fish raw materials. Domestic scientists have formulated the theoretical foundations of resource-saving technologies, taking into account the basic principles of functional nutrition. One of the current topics in this area is the improvement and development of consumer food technology, a special place among which is canned food. In this regard, there is a tendency to increase the production of canned food in gel-like fillings, it is also important to expand their range, increase nutritional and biological value, create technologies and recipes for products that meet the requirements of functional nutrition. In recent years, attention has been paid to increasing the share of consumption of collagen-containing products, which is associated with exacerbation of a number of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract and others. Because collagen is poorly digested by human digestive tract enzymes, it can be classified as dietary fiber. The rational combination of different types of collagen contained in raw materials, the involvement in the production of resources that are not used, can increase the nutritional value of products, which is of great interest for research and practical activities of industrial enterprises. Consumption of new types of foods that contain high amounts of connective tissue proteins will help solve the problem of providing the population with foods that contain dietary fiber and dietary supplements of the chondroprotective type. The influence of the species of fish, body parts of fish, technological parameters on the qualitative indicators of gel-like filling for canned fish is investigated in the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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