Search

The author of the article presents an analysis of the current situation of demand and supply of specialists in the European Union. The basis for the analysis is the reports of the European Commission, which widely cover this issue. It is worth noting that different EU countries feel the problems of supply and demand in different ways. Their conformity is observed only in Germany, where the number of students graduate each year and enter the labor market in search of work coincides with the requirements of employers in terms of the number of specialists. Other EU countries are in demand for specialists in the scientific, engineering and technology sectors and a quantitative shortage of teachers and doctors. The study is devoted to the questions related to factors that affect the matching between the demand and supply of teachers and doctors. Among such factors is the increase in population, health and education costs. The number of school children is the dominant factor in the demand for teachers. Another factor is educational programs that determine the demand for subject teachers. The policies and priorities of the curriculum have a dominant influence in determining the different types of teachers as well. The demand for physicians depends on the health system. The offer of doctors may differ due to differences in the industry, in particular, the accessibility of education and training for doctors, as well as the conditions of medical service. The results of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state of the regulating process of higher education interaction with the labor market in Ukraine.

The author of the article presents an analysis of the policy of graduates employment of higher education institutions in the EU. The basis for the analysis is the reports of the European Commission, which are widely covering this issue. Studies examining issues related to the regulation mechanisms of cooperation between higher education and labour market and the current state of their application in the European Higher Education Area. Among these mechanisms there are forecasting the labour market; involvement of employers in the management of higher education and evaluation of its quality; consulting services; practices and training; survey of graduates. The first component of the regulation mechanisms linked to graduate employability concerns labour market forecasting. This process involves estimating the expected future number of jobs available in an economy. Besides there are trends to involve employers in higher education institutions' governing bodies and in external quality assurance (QA) procedures.The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the current state of the process of cooperation between higher education and labour market in Ukraine.

The article analyzes the impact of policies on the development of educational systems in the European Union and Ukraine. The sources are independent reports of the European Commission, and state documents on higher education in Ukraine. A detailed study of the European Commission reports helps to identify internal and external factors, which have different effects on higher education in the European Union. The external factors include global process of internationalization of higher education and its consequences. Under internal factors we concider the Lisbon strategy and the Bologna process. One could argue that education systems in the European Union will develop under the influence of external and internal factors, where the dominant position of the Lisbon Strategy and the Bologna process will win the lead role. Since the signing of the Bologna Convention in 2005, higher education in Ukraine has been in a state of current changes. Analysis of the new Higher Education Law of Ukraine made it possible to outline the major innovations in the reforms of higher education and similar policy trends of higher education in the European Union and Ukraine.